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Published By Universitas Airlangga

2599-056x, 2355-8393

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Yoseph Jeffry Hertanto ◽  
Bernadette Dian Novita

Highlight:Differences in the efficacy of CYD-TDV versus the other TAK-003 and TV003/TV005 were discussed.One licensed dengue vaccine is CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia). Abstract:Dengue fever is the most common tropical disease, but there still remains no specific therapy that can overcome it. Special attention needs to be paid to this disease, because there were large increases in incidence in the last decade. As an effective preventive strategy, finding a new vaccine for dengue fever with higher potentiation and efficacy is highly necessary to stop dengue transmission especially in the endemic area. Vaccine triggers an immune response, so that it can create a robust immune response when infected. Nowadays, there is only one licensed dengue vaccine that is CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia). However, this vaccine still has many weaknesses, namely its dependency on the serostatus of the recipient. There are also other dengue vaccines that are in ongoing clinical testing and have promising results, TDV (TAK-003) and TV003/TV005. These three vaccines are live attenuated vaccines with various results. This review discussed differences in the efficacy of CYD-TDV against the other TAK-003 and TV003/TV005; considering the known and unknown various factors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Hasyim As'ari

Highlight:Ethanol extract of Garcinia mangostana L. peel reduce malondialdehyde.Garcinia mangostana L. peel extract can increase non-radical products which impact in decreasing LDL cholesterol and increasing HDL cholesterol. Abstract:Atherosclerosis contributes to coronary heart disease which may lead to fatality. High cholesterol consumption, stress, and smoking can increase LDL cholesterol in the blood. Consumption of unsaturated fats, high fiber foods, exercise, quitting smoking, losing weight, and giving hypolipidemic drugs, especially herbs, can increase HDL cholesterol and decrease LDL cholesterol. Garcinia mangostana L. peel  extract can decrease LDL cholesterol by increasing reverse HDL cholesterol transport to the liver. The study used post test control group design. This study was experimental laboratory research with population of hypercholesterolemic male white mice aged 3-4 weeks with 100-200 grams weight. The HDL and LDL cholesterol data were collected through an enzymatic method by spectrophotometer. This study used analysis of variance (Anova) with significance level of α <0.05. The experiment divided the subjects into positive and negative control groups with dosage variations of 50, 150, 250, and 350 mg/kgBW.  Examination of hypercholesterolemia in white mice was conducted on the 8th day. The examination of HDL and LDL cholesterol given peel extract of Garcinia mangostana L. was conducted on the 22nd day. The analysis showed that giving Garcinia mangostana L. peel extract for various dosages could significantly decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol (p <0.05). Peel extract of Garcinia mangostana L. that contained mangosteen could increase non-radical products that could prevent the transfer of ester cholesterol from HDL to VLDL which impact in increasing HDL cholesterol and decreasing LDL cholesterol.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Gemilang Khusnurrokhman ◽  
Laksmi Wulandari

Highlight:A 32-year-old male patient suffered mediastinal non-hodgkin's lymphoma metastatic to the right atrium which mimicked right atrial myxoma.The patient died of suspected mediastinal NHL thromboembolism that spread in the right atrium. Abstract:In this case report, the anatomical pathology results in the form of B cell type LNH, but at the age of 32 years and the risk factor in this patient was a former active smoker. In the anatomical pathology results, the results of the B-High Grade Cell Type LNH were also obtained. B-cell type non-hodgkin’s lymphoma can be mutated in the MYC gene (v-myc avian myceloctomatosis viral oncogene homolog) and the BCL-2 and BCL-6 (B-cell lymphoma) genes. If this morphology is found, then the patient's prognosis is poor. Most of these patients were males and the incidence was in the mediastinal area. Mediastinal NHL could develop and enlarge to involve the heart and pericardium. The spread could occur directly and lymphogens. These metastatic tumors were often misdiagnosed with atrial myxoma. In this case report, exploration of the right atrium and open mediastinal biopsy was performed. An open biopsy of the mediastinum revealed a mediastinal mass that enlarged to enter the right atrium. Atrial myxoma was not found. Primary lymphoma growth could also occur in the heart. This condition was called primary cardiac lymphoid (PCL). This case was very rare and was often considered an atrial myxoma. The patient died 10 days after discharge from the hospital. While the patient was eating, the patient had a seizure and the patient was immediately taken to the emergency department of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, and entered the ER (Resuscitation) ER room, but the patient died after being assisted for approximately two hours. Most likely the cause of the patient's death was a thromboembolic tumor in the right atrium that was released, so that it entered the bloodstream of the brain, causing the patient to have seizures. It was suspected that the cause of the patient's death was the presence of a tumor thrombus that separated into an embolism from the right atrium due to the large size of the tumor. Patients suffering from high rate NHL had a greater percentage of suffering from tumor thromboembolism as many as 10.6% compared to the Low type and Hodgkins lymphoma (LH) (5.8% and 7.25%).


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Ido Nur Abdulloh ◽  
Sugiharto Sugiharto ◽  
Purwo Sri Rejeki

Highlight:The differences in intensity physical exercise mechanisms associated with increased irisin secretion in overweight and obese subjects were determined.The secretion of irisin in the right intensity blood on obesity can be reduced because the calories were balanced. Abstract:Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy that can secrete various types of myokines to treat obesity problems. One of the myokines that play a role is irisin. Irisin is a polypeptide hormone with 112 amino acid residues that are synthesized in skeletal muscle after the proteolytic precursor cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). The release of irisin in the blood circulation will stimulate the browning process in white fat tissue by inducing the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) through signaling p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) to increase energy expenditure, thermogenesis and reduce fat accumulation. This study described the differences in intensity of physical exercise mechanisms associated with the increased irisin secretion in overweight and obese subjects. This study was designed as a literature review that involved studies from research journals in the last 10 years concerning humans from some databases, such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. This study also discussed the relationship between the intensity of physical exercise and the synthesis, secretion, circulation, and regulation of irisin in preventing obesity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Ardhiya Puspita ◽  
Radita Yuniar Arizandy ◽  
Eddy Bagus Wasito ◽  
Kuntaman Kuntaman

Highlight :Bacteriologically for colonization of  ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were analyzed.The prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria among cockroaches in hospitals is bigger than in households.Abstract: Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is one of the vectors in the environment that can transmit disease. Cockroaches can act as potential mechanical vectors of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae is a gram-negative bacteria that has natural habitats in the digestive tract of humans and animals. Enterobacteriaceae that produce Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged as major pathogens in hospitals. The study analyzed the prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria in cockroaches that lived in hospitals and residential homes. In this study, a total of 200 cockroaches consisting of 100 cockroaches from the hospital environment and 100 cockroaches from the residential environment were analyzed bacteriologically for colonization of  ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. The specimen of the alimentary tract was taken and sub-cultured in MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime 2 ug/ml. Growth colonies were suggested as an ESBL-producing bacteria, then were confirmed as ESBL producers by the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). The ESBL gene was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Among 100 household cockroach samples, 14 (14%) were identified as ESBL producers, while 100 hospital cockroaches were 26 (26%) positive ESBL. The ESBL gene, in hospital cockroach were identified of CTXM 19 (19%), SHV 7 (7%), and not any TEM gene, while among household cockroaches were identified CTXM 2 (2%), SHV 11 (11%), and also not detected TEM ESBL gene. Among ESBL genes, only the CTXM gene was significantly different between household and hospital cockroaches.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Agustinus Rizki ◽  
Laksmi Wulandari

Highlight:A 28-year-old male suffered chylothorax and mediastinal seminoma.The patient received bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy for the management of mediastinal seminomas but he died beforeundergoing 5th cycle chemotherapy. Abstract:Seminoma is a type of germ cell tumor. In this case presentation, a rare primary germ cell tumor was reported in the form of mediastinal seminoma. A 28-year-old man with symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain, swelling in the right upper extremity, enlarged lymph nodes in the colli region. Thoracic physical examination revealed signs of pleural fluid in the right hemithorax. After obtaining the results of radiological and pathological investigations, a mediastinal mass was obtained, then BEP chemotherapy was given. After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, a partial response was obtained. Patients with mediastinal seminoma treated with BEP base chemotherapy gave a partial response.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Yuliasih Yuliasih ◽  
Yusdeny Lanasakti

Highlight:The correlation of IL-17 to disease activity by The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score C-Reactive Protein (ASDAS-CRP) was identified. IL-17 level is strongly correlated to disease activity in SpA patients. Abstract:IL-17 is a new cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis (SpA). Recent studies show that IL-17 level correlates to disease activity, and it is used as a basis in treating SpA patients who do not respond to anti-TNF-α. This study identified the correlation of IL-17 to disease activity measured by The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score C-Reactive Protein (ASDAS-CRP). This study was a cross-sectional study involving SpA patients according to the 2009 ASAS criteria in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Disease activity and IL-17 level were analyzed using Spearman correlation test to see the strength of correlation. Forty SpA patients showed mean age of 53.58 ± 9.28 years with a body mass index of 24.36 ± 3.23 kg/m2, ESR of 39.50 ± 18.76 mm/hour, clinically obtained Schober Test of 13.11 ± 1.22 cm, chest extension test of 1.45 ± 0.77 cm, and tragus-to-wall test 13.53 ± 1.99 cm. The median CRP and IL-17 were 0.3 (0.10-5.70) mg/dL and 9.30 (7.70-13.60) pg/dL, respectively. Based on the ASDAS-CRP system, the patients showed disease activities that fall into the category was high (62.5%), moderate (35%), and inactivity (2.5%). IL-17 level is strongly correlated to disease activity in SpA patients (p=0.000, r = 0.711).


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Rizky Sota Dyaksa ◽  
Paulus Liben ◽  
Edy Mintarto

Highlight:Aerobic exercise was reduced body fat and increased free fatty acids.LICT and MICT decreased body fat and increased free fatty acids. Abstract:Overweight is fat imbalances can affect the health. It is one of the problems in many countries, especially Indonesia recorded an increase case in 2007 (8.8%) to 2013 (13.5%). Overweight categorized by 25-30 kg/m2 body mass index in units (Organization  2018). Figures overweight can be pressed to provide some treatments, such as aerobics sports activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of Continuous Low Intensity Training (LICT) and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) to decrease body fat content (FM) and increase in free fatty acids (FFA) in overweight women. 18 female subjects completed the study 4X/week exercise LICT or MICT for 5 weeks. LICT and MICT performed for 30 minutes with an additional 5 minutes warm-up and 5 minutes of cooling down with LICT intensity of 60%-70% and MICT 70%-80% of maximum HR where both types of exercise using ergo cycle while measurement FM and FFA were measured before and after practice. LICT occurred decreasing in body fat and increasing in free fatty acids that significant pre and post LICT (p < 0.05). MICT occurred decreasing in body fat and increasing in free fatty acids that significant pre and post MICT (p<0.05). In the second comparison group (LICT and MICT) were decline against body fat and an increased in free fatty acids between workouts Low-Intensity Continuous Training (LICT) greater tendency than Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) with delta FM (p = 0.120) and delta FFA (p=0.131) in which the value is >0.05. LICT and MICT was increase while body fat was decreased. The results of a comparison test occur list downward trend in body fat while in free fatty acids was increased.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Sidhi Laksono Purwowiyoto ◽  
Steven Philips Surya

Highlight:A young adult has activity-triggered atypical chest pain and diagnosed malignant RCA.Congenital anomalies  needed to be aware by cardiologists to help clinical practice.Planning a treatment about management of the CAAs condition should be undertaken by the inter-specialist team. Abstract:We presented a case a young adult with activity-triggered atypical chest pain and diagnosed with anomalous origin of right coronary artery (RCA) from the left coronary sinus with an interarterial course between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery that was detected by CT coronary angiography. This anomaly has been called malignant RCA. Coronary artery anomaly is a congenital condition. Most of the cases remain asymptomatic. This condition is also one of the most causes of sudden cardiac death, because the coronary artery examination is not regularly done. Nevertheless, during high intensity activity, it could be symptomatic and might be lethal. Diagnosing coronary artery anomalies might be tricky and cardiologists must be aware of this. The CAAs condition is a rare situation. The CAAs condition is associated with sudden death, especially intense physical activity. There was no rigid guideline for the management of the CAAs condition, so that planning a treatment in the inter-specialist team should be done.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Salsa Daffania Mawaddah ◽  
Noeroel Widajati

Highlight:Standing position duration and shoe characteristics to MSDs's complaints  on sales promotion girls at cosmetic stores in Surabaya were analyzed.There was no correlation between height of heels with complaints of MSDs and shoe type, while, the duration of standing position and complaints of MSDs were correlated. Abstract:One of the occupations that have a risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is sales promotion girl (SPG), especially the SPG at a cosmetic store, because their job position is mostly done by standing and wearing high heels. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between duration of standing position and shoe characteristics to complaints of MSDs on sales promotion girl at cosmetic stores in Surabaya. This study was quantitative research with observational analytic research, where the data collection was carried out by cross-sectional. This research was conducted at 21 cosmetic stores from three shopping centers in Central Surabaya. The population in this study was 64 SPG. The sample was taken using simple random sampling with exclusion criteria, so that 47 people were obtained. The independent variables consisted of duration of standing position and shoe characteristics included shoe type and the height of heels. The dependent variable was complaint of MSDs. The data analysis was carried out using the Spearman correlation test. The result showed that there was a correlation between the duration of standing position and complaints of MSDs (Pvalue=0.011; r=0.369; positive direction), no correlation between shoe type and complaints of MSDs (Pvalue=0.735; r=0.051; positive direction), and no correlation between the height of heels and complaints of MSDs (Pvalue=0.256; r=0.169; positive direction). It was concluded that there was a correlation between the duration of standing position and complaints of MSDs, and there was no correlation between shoe type and the height of heels with complaints of MSDs.


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