scholarly journals Spread of Infectious Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus by Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Feces

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (23) ◽  
pp. 7711-7716 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ribière ◽  
P. Lallemand ◽  
A.-L. Iscache ◽  
F. Schurr ◽  
O. Celle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Route Of Infection ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Bee Disease ◽  
Intrathoracic Inoculation ◽  
Indirect Route ◽  
Overt Disease ◽  
Paralysis Virus

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the spreading mechanism of honeybee pathogens within the hive is crucial to our understanding of bee disease dynamics. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of infectious chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) in bee excreta and evaluate its possible role as an indirect route of infection. Samples of paralyzed bees were (i) produced by experimental inoculation with purified virus and (ii) collected from hives exhibiting chronic paralysis. CBPV in bee heads or feces (crude or absorbed onto paper) was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. CBPV infectivity was assessed by intrathoracic inoculation of bees with virus extracted from feces and by placement of naive bees in cages previously occupied by contaminated individuals. CBPV RNA was systematically detected in the feces of naturally and experimentally infected bees and on the paper sheets that had been used to cover the floors of units containing bees artificially infected with CBPV or the floor of one naturally infected colony. Both intrathoracic inoculation of bees with virus extracted from feces and placement of bees in contaminated cages provoked overt disease in naive bees, thereby proving that the excreted virus was infectious and that this indirect route of infection could lead to overt chronic paralysis. This is the first experimental confirmation that infectious CBPV particles excreted in the feces of infected bees can infect naive bees and provoke overt disease by mere confinement of naive bees in a soiled environment.

scholarly journals A molecular clone of Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV) causes mortality in honey bee pupae (Apis mellifera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Seitz ◽  
Katharina Buczolich ◽  
Alžbeta Dikunová ◽  
Pavel Plevka ◽  
Karen Power ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reverse Genetic System ◽  
Progeny Virus ◽  
Molecular Clone ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Paralysis Virus

Abstract Among the many diseases compromising the well-being of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) the chronic paralysis syndrome of adult honey bees is one of the best described. The causative agent, chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome. Segment 1 encodes three putative open reading frames (ORFs), including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and other non-structural protein coding regions. Segment 2 encodes four putative ORFs, which contain the genes of supposed structural proteins. In this study, we established a reverse genetic system for CBPV by molecular cloning of DNA copies of both genome segments. CBPV rescue was studied in imago and honey bee pupae infection models. Virus replication and progeny virus production was only initiated when capped RNAs of both genome segments were injected in honey bees. As injection of these clonal RNAs caused clinical symptoms similar to wild-type CBPV infection, we conclude that the novel molecular clone fulfilled Koch’s postulates. Our virus clone will enable in-depth analysis of CBPV pathogenesis and help to increase knowledge about this important honey bee disease.

Development of Ultra-Rapid Reverse-Transcription PCR for the Rapid Detection against Slow Bee Paralysis Virus (SBPV)

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somin Kim ◽  
Sujin Lim ◽  
Jungmin Kim ◽  
Yoon-Kyu Lim ◽  
Byoungsu Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Paralysis Virus

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus Infection in Apis mellifera Colonies in Japan

Viruses ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1093-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Morimoto ◽  
Yuriko Kojima ◽  
Mikio Yoshiyama ◽  
Kiyoshi Kimura ◽  
Bu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Paralysis Virus

scholarly journals Varroa destructor is an effective vector of Israeli acute paralysis virus in the honeybee, Apis mellifera

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Di Prisco ◽  
F. Pennacchio ◽  
E. Caprio ◽  
H. F. Boncristiani ◽  
J. D. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus ◽  
Paralysis Virus

scholarly journals Silencing the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Naked Cuticle Gene (nkd) Improves Host Immune Function and Reduces Nosema ceranae Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (22) ◽  
pp. 6779-6787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Li ◽  
Jay D. Evans ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez-García ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bee Disease

ABSTRACTNosema ceranaeis a new and emerging microsporidian parasite of European honey bees,Apis mellifera, that has been implicated in colony losses worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi), a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism, has emerged as a potent and specific strategy for controlling infections of parasites and pathogens in honey bees. While previous studies have focused on the silencing of parasite/pathogen virulence factors, we explore here the possibility of silencing a host factor as a mechanism for reducing parasite load. Specifically, we used an RNAi strategy to reduce the expression of a honey bee gene,naked cuticle(nkd), which is a negative regulator of host immune function. Our studies found thatnkdmRNA levels in adult bees were upregulated byN. ceranaeinfection (and thus, the parasite may use this mechanism to suppress host immune function) and that ingestion of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) specific tonkdefficiently silenced its expression. Furthermore, we found that RNAi-mediated knockdown ofnkdtranscripts inNosema-infected bees resulted in upregulation of the expression of several immune genes (Abaecin,Apidaecin,Defensin-1, andPGRP-S2), reduction ofNosemaspore loads, and extension of honey bee life span. The results of our studies clearly indicate that silencing the hostnkdgene can activate honey bee immune responses, suppress the reproduction ofN. ceranae, and improve the overall health of honey bees. This study represents a novel host-derived therapeutic for honey bee disease treatment that merits further exploration.IMPORTANCEGiven the critical role of honey bees in the pollination of agricultural crops, it is urgent to develop strategies to prevent the colony decline induced by the infection of parasites/pathogens. Targeting parasites and pathogens directly by RNAi has been proven to be useful for controlling infections in honey bees, but little is known about the disease impacts of RNAi silencing of host factors. Here, we demonstrate that knocking down the honey bee immune repressor-encodingnkdgene can suppress the reproduction ofN. ceranaeand improve the overall health of honey bees, which highlights the potential role of host-derived and RNAi-based therapeutics in controlling the infections in honey bees. The information obtained from this study will have positive implications for honey bee disease management practices.

Experimental infection of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) with the chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV): infectivity of naked CBPV RNAs

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Chevin ◽  
Frank Schurr ◽  
Philippe Blanchard ◽  
Richard Thiéry ◽  
Magali Ribière
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Paralysis Virus

scholarly journals Sacbrood Virus of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera): Rapid Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis Using Reverse Transcription-PCR

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Grabensteiner ◽  
Wolfgang Ritter ◽  
Michael J. Carter ◽  
Sean Davison ◽  
Hermann Pechhacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr

ABSTRACT Sacbrood virus (SBV) infects larvae of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), resulting in failure to pupate and death. Until now, identification of viruses in honeybee infections has been based on traditional methods such as electron microscopy, immunodiffusion, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Culture cannot be used because no honeybee cell lines are available. These techniques are low in sensitivity and specificity. However, the complete nucleotide sequence of SBV has recently been determined, and with these data, we now report a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) test for the direct, rapid, and sensitive detection of these viruses. RT-PCR was used to target five different areas of the SBV genome using infected honeybees and larvae originating from geographically distinct regions. The RT-PCR assay proved to be a rapid, specific, and sensitive diagnostic tool for the direct detection of SBV nucleic acid in samples of infected honeybees and brood regardless of geographic origin. The amplification products were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis suggested the existence of at least three distinct genotypes of SBV.

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