scholarly journals Multistate Evaluation of an Ultrafiltration-Based Procedure for Simultaneous Recovery of Enteric Microbes in 100-Liter Tap Water Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (13) ◽  
pp. 4218-4225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent R. Hill ◽  
Amy M. Kahler ◽  
Narayanan Jothikumar ◽  
Trisha B. Johnson ◽  
Donghyun Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Small Pore

ABSTRACT Ultrafiltration (UF) is increasingly being recognized as a potentially effective procedure for concentrating and recovering microbes from large volumes of water and treated wastewater. Because of their very small pore sizes, UF membranes are capable of simultaneously concentrating viruses, bacteria, and parasites based on size exclusion. In this study, a UF-based water sampling procedure was used to simultaneously recover representatives of these three microbial classes seeded into 100-liter samples of tap water collected from eight cities covering six hydrologic areas of the United States. The UF-based procedure included hollow-fiber UF as the primary step for concentrating microbes and then used membrane filtration for bacterial culture assays, immunomagnetic separation for parasite recovery and quantification, and centrifugal UF for secondary concentration of viruses. Water samples were tested for nine water quality parameters to investigate whether water quality data correlated with measured recovery efficiencies and molecular detection levels. Average total method recovery efficiencies were 71, 97, 120, 110, and 91% for φX174 bacteriophage, MS2 bacteriophage, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens spores, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, respectively. Real-time PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for seeded microbes and controls indicated that tap water quality could affect the analytical performance of molecular amplification assays, although no specific water quality parameter was found to correlate with reduced PCR or RT-PCR performance.

scholarly journals Evaluation on the Quality of Bangkok Tap Water with Other Drinking Purpose Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
A. Kordach ◽  
C. Chardwattananon ◽  
K. Wongin ◽  
B. Chayaput ◽  
N. Wongpat
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Tap Water Quality

The concern of drinking purposed water quality in Bangkok, Nonthaburi, and Samutprakarn provinces has been a problem for over fifteen years. Metropolitan Water Works Authority (MWA) of Thailand is fully responsible for providing water supply to the mentioned areas. The objective of Drinkable Tap Water Project is to make people realize in quality of tap water. Communities, school, government agencies, hotels, hospitals, department stores, and other organizations are participating in this project. MWA have collected at least 3 samples of water from the corresponding places and the samples have to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines level. This study is to evaluate water quality of tap water, storage water, filtered water, and filtered water dispenser. The water samples from 2,354 attending places are collected and analyzed. From October 2011 to September 2016, MWA analyzed 32,711 samples. The analyzed water parameters are free residual chlorine, appearance color, turbidity, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pathogenic bacteria; E.coli. The results indicated that a number of tap water samples had the highest number compliance with WHO guidelines levels at 98.40%. The filtered water, filtered water dispenser, and storage water were received 96.71%, 95.63%, and 90.88%, respectively. However, the several samples fail to pass WHO guideline level because they were contaminated by E.coli. The result is that tap water has the highest score among other sources probably because tap water has chlorine for disinfection and always is monitored by professional team round-the-clock services compared to the other water sources with less maintenance or cleaning. Also, water quality reports are continuously sent to customers by mail addresses. Tap water quality data are shown on MWA websites and Facebook. All these steps of work should enhance the confidence of tap water quality.

Preliminary Trial Results for the Redesigned STRIDER Platform With Sampling Capability From Different Depths

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Joshi ◽  
Nathan Bane ◽  
Justin Derickson ◽  
Mark E. Williams ◽  
Abhijit Nagchaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Preliminary Trial

STRIDER: Semi-Autonomous Tracking Robot with Instrumentation for Data-Acquisition and Environmental Research, a semi-autonomous aquatic vessel, was envisioned for automated water sampling, data collection, and depth profiling to document water quality variables related to agricultural run-offs. Phase-I of the STRIDER project included the capability for STRIDER to collect water samples and water quality data on the surface of water bodies. This paper discusses the Phase-II efforts of the project, in which the previous design of STRIDER was adapted to extend its capabilities to include monitoring, depth profiling, and visualization of in-situ water quality data at various depths as well as collect water samples at each depth for bacterial analysis. At present, the vessel has been utilized for navigation to specified locations using remote control for collecting water quality data and water samples from the surface, as well as 2 feet and 4 feet below the surface at multiple UMES ponds. In a series of preliminary trial runs with the supervision of UMES faculty members and collaborators from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), STRIDER successfully collected 48 water samples for bacterial analysis at different locations and depths of ponds on the UMES campus. Design alternatives are being explored for more efficient water sampling capabilities.

scholarly journals URBAN GROWTH AND WATER QUALITY IN THIMPHU, BHUTAN

2013 ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandu Giri ◽  
O. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data

Detailed study was undertaken in 2008 and 2009 on assessment of water quality of River Wang Chhu which flows through Thimphu urban area, the capital city of Bhutan. The water samples were examined at upstream of urban area, within the urban area and its downstream. The water samples were analyzed by studying the physico-chemical, biological and benthic macro-invertebrates. The water quality data obtained during present study are discussed in relation to land use/land cover changes(LULC) and various ongoing human activities at upstream, within the each activity areas and it’s downstream. Analyses of satellite imagery of 1990 and 2008 using GIS revealed that over a period of eighteen years the forest, scrub and agricultural areas have decreased whereas urban area and road network have increased considerably. The forest cover, agriculture area and scrub decreased from 43.3% to 42.57%, 6.88% to 5.33% and 42.55% to 29.42%, respectively. The LULC changes effect water quality in many ways. The water temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, total coliform, and biological oxygen demand were lower at upstream and higher in urban area. On the other hand dissolved oxygen was found higher at upstream and lower in urban area. The pollution sensitive benthic macro-invertebrates population were dominant at upstream sampling sites whereas pollution tolerant benthic macro-invertebrates were found abundant in urban area and its immediate downstream. The rapid development of urban infrastructure in Thimphu city may be posing serious threats to water regime in terms of its quality. Though the deterioration of water quality is restricted to a few localized areas, the trend is serious and needs proper attention of policy planners and decision makers. Proper treatment of effluents from urban areas is urgently needed to reduce water pollution in such affected areas to check further deterioration of water quality. This present study which is based on upstream, within urban area and downstream of Thimphu city can be considered as an eye opener.

Empowering Community Water Data Stakeholders

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-506
Author(s):  
John Millar Carroll ◽  
Jordan Beck ◽  
Elizabeth W Boyer ◽  
Shipi Dhanorkar ◽  
Srishti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Community Informatics ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Quality Practices ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Information Infrastructures ◽  
Local Water

Abstract Access to clean water is a critical challenge and opportunity for community-level collaboration. People rely on local water sources, but awareness of water quality and participation in water management is often limited. Lack of community engagement can increase risks of water catastrophes, such as those in Flint, Michigan, and Cape Town, South Africa. We investigated water quality practices in a watershed system serving c.100 000 people in the United States. We identified a range of entities including government and nonprofit citizen groups that gather water quality data. Many of these data are accessible in principle to citizens. However, the data are scattered and diverse; information infrastructures are primitive and not integrated. Water quality data and data practices are hidden in plain sight. Based on fieldwork, we consider sociotechnical courses of action, drawing on best practices in human–computer interaction and community informatics, data and environmental systems management.

Effect of Forest Cover on Water Treatment Costs

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Warziniack ◽  
Chi Ho Sham ◽  
Robert Morgan ◽  
Yasha Feferholtz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the relationship between forest cover and drinking water chemical treatment costs using land use data and a survey by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). The survey gathers cost and water quality data from 37 treatment plants in forested ecoregions of the United States. We model the effect of forest conversion on the cost of water treatment using a two-step process. First, we examine the effect of changes in land use on water quality through an ecological production function. Second, we examine the effect of changes in water quality on cost of treatment through an economic benefits function. We find a negative relationship between forest cover and turbidity, but no relationship between forest cover and total organic carbon (TOC). Increasing forest cover in a watershed by 1% reduces turbidity by 3%, and increasing development by 1% in a watershed increases turbidity by 3%. The impact of development is more consistent across models than the impact of forest cover. We also find a large impact on turbidity from grazing in the watershed. Our economic benefits function shows a 1% increase in turbidity increases water treatment costs by 0.19%, and 1% increase in TOC increases water treatment costs by 0.46%. TOC has a clearer impact on costs than turbidity, which becomes insignificant when we omit one of our observations with high turbidity.

scholarly journals Using Landsat 8 Imagery for Remote Monitoring of Total Phosphorus as a Water Quality Parameter of Irrigation Ponds in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Wen Su ◽  
Shang-Lien Lo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Selection Of Variables

Abstract Monitoring water body quality parameters with high spatial and temporal resolutions is crucial because mitigation of pollution is usually costlier than early prevention/intervention. The existing monitoring methods for irrigation ponds in Taoyuan, Taiwan, are based on field measurements that have low spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, using Landsat 8 satellite imagery, a multiple regression-derived relationship between the satellite band reflectance and the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) was established. The satellite imagery was atmospherically corrected with ACOLITE based on shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. This method was used to select predictor variables in the multiple regression-derived equation based on forward selection of variables using a p-value and variation inflation factor (VIF) threshold. The derived equation yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.67. The near-infrared band (band 5) was found to be most significant. The Landsat 8 imagery retrieved for two of the three pond studies included only a few pixels from the ponds because parts of the pond surfaces are covered by floating photovoltaic power plants. The TP concentrations resulting from the derived equation indicate the feasibility of using satellite remote sensing methods to monitor the water quality. The derived relationships are potentially applicable to extend the availability of temporal and spatial water quality data for these irrigation ponds.

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