scholarly journals Animal Rennets as Sources of Dairy Lactic Acid Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 2050-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Cruciata ◽  
Ciro Sannino ◽  
Danilo Ercolini ◽  
Maria L. Scatassa ◽  
Francesca De Filippis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe microbial composition of artisan and industrial animal rennet pastes was studied by using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches. Pyrosequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene allowed to identify 361 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) to the genus/species level. Among lactic acid bacteria (LAB),Streptococcus thermophilusand some lactobacilli, mainlyLactobacillus crispatusandLactobacillus reuteri, were the most abundant species, with differences among the samples. Twelve groups of microorganisms were targeted by viable plate counts revealing a dominance of mesophilic cocci. All rennets were able to acidify ultrahigh-temperature-processed (UHT) milk as shown by pH and total titratable acidity (TTA). Presumptive LAB isolated at the highest dilutions of acidified milks were phenotypically characterized, grouped, differentiated at the strain level by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis, and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Only 18 strains were clearly identified at the species level, asEnterococcus casseliflavus,Enterococcus faecium,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus lactis,Lactobacillus delbrueckii, andStreptococcus thermophilus, while the other strains, all belonging to the genusEnterococcus, could not be allotted into any previously described species. The phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains might represent different unknown species. All strains were evaluated for their dairy technological performances. All isolates produced diacetyl, and 10 of them produced a rapid pH drop in milk, but only 3 isolates were also autolytic. This work showed that animal rennet pastes can be sources of LAB, mainly enterococci, that might contribute to the microbial diversity associated with dairy productions.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus furfuricola sp. nov., isolated from Nukadoko, rice bran paste for Japanese pickles

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 2902-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Irisawa ◽  
Naoto Tanaka ◽  
Maki Kitahara ◽  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Moriya Ohkuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Two strains of lactic acid bacteria, Nu27T and Nu29, were isolated from Nukadoko, rice bran paste for Japanese pickles. The isolates were Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, catalase-negative, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic lactic acid bacteria. The isolates showed identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. The closest relatives to strain Nu27T based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were Lactobacillus versmoldensis KU-3T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus nodensis iz4bT (96.3 %) and Lactobacillus tucceti CECT 5290T (97.2 %). DNA–DNA relatedness values revealed genotype separation of the two isolates from the above three species. Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic characteristics provided, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus , for which name is Lactobacillus furfuricola proposed. The type strain is Nu 27T ( = JCM 18764T = NRIC 0900T = DSM 27174T).

Carnobacterium iners sp. nov., a psychrophilic, lactic acid-producing bacterium from the littoral zone of an Antarctic pond

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_4) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Snauwaert ◽  
Bart Hoste ◽  
Katrien De Bruyne ◽  
Karolien Peeters ◽  
Luc De Vuyst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Two lactic acid-producing, Gram-stain-positive rods were isolated from a microbial mat actively growing in the littoral zone of an Antarctic lake (Forlidas Pond) in the Pensacola mountains and studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolates were examined by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, multilocus sequence analysis of pheS, rpoA and atpA, and biochemical and genotypic characteristics. One strain, designated LMG 26641, belonged to Carnobacterium alterfunditum and the other strain, designated LMG 26642T, could be assigned to a novel species, with Carnobacterium funditum DSM 5970T as its closest phylogenetic neighbour (99.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Carnobacterium iners sp. nov. could be distinguished biochemically from other members of the genus Carnobacterium by the lack of acid production from carbohydrates. DNA–DNA relatedness confirmed that strain LMG 26642T represented a novel species, for which we propose the name Carnobacterium iners sp. nov. (type strain is LMG 26642T  = CCUG 62000T).

scholarly journals An Oleaginous Bacterium That Intrinsically Accumulates Long-Chain Free Fatty Acids in its Cytoplasm

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1126-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Katayama ◽  
Manabu Kanno ◽  
Naoki Morita ◽  
Tomoyuki Hori ◽  
Takashi Narihiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACTMedium- and long-chain fatty acids are present in organisms in esterified forms that serve as cell membrane constituents and storage compounds. A large number of organisms are known to accumulate lipophilic materials as a source of energy and carbon. We found a bacterium, designated GK12, that intrinsically accumulates free fatty acids (FFAs) as intracellular droplets without exhibiting cytotoxicity. GK12 is an obligatory anaerobic, mesophilic lactic acid bacterium that was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that GK12 is affiliated with the familyErysipelotrichaceaein the phylumFirmicutesbut is distantly related to type species in this family (less than 92% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence). Saturated fatty acids with carbon chain lengths of 14, 16, 18, and 20 were produced from glucose under stress conditions, including higher-than-optimum temperatures and the presence of organic solvents that affect cell membrane integrity. FFAs were produced at levels corresponding to up to 25% (wt/wt) of the dry cell mass. Our data suggest that FFA accumulation is a result of an imbalance between excess membrane fatty acid biosynthesis due to homeoviscous adaptation and limited β-oxidation activity due to anaerobic growth involving lactic acid fermentation. FFA droplets were not further utilized as an energy and carbon source, even under conditions of starvation. A naturally occurring bacterium that accumulates significant amounts of long-chain FFAs with noncytotoxicity would provide useful strategies for microbial biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Toward an Understanding of Changes in Diversity Associated with Fecal Microbiome Transplantation Based on 16S rRNA Gene Deep Sequencing

mBio ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dea Shahinas ◽  
Michael Silverman ◽  
Taylor Sittler ◽  
Charles Chiu ◽  
Peter Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Level Analysis

ABSTRACT Fecal microbiome transplantation by low-volume enema is an effective, safe, and inexpensive alternative to antibiotic therapy for patients with chronic relapsing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We explored the microbial diversity of pre- and posttransplant stool specimens from CDI patients (n = 6) using deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. While interindividual variability in microbiota change occurs with fecal transplantation and vancomycin exposure, in this pilot study we note that clinical cure of CDI is associated with an increase in diversity and richness. Genus- and species-level analysis may reveal a cocktail of microorganisms or products thereof that will ultimately be used as a probiotic to treat CDI. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) due to Clostridium difficile is a widespread phenomenon in hospitals today. Despite the use of antibiotics, up to 30% of patients are unable to clear the infection and suffer recurrent bouts of diarrheal disease. As a result, clinicians have resorted to fecal microbiome transplantation (FT). Donor stool for this type of therapy is typically obtained from a spouse or close relative and thoroughly tested for various pathogenic microorganisms prior to infusion. Anecdotal reports suggest a very high success rate of FT in patients who fail antibiotic treatment (>90%). We used deep-sequencing technology to explore the human microbial diversity in patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) disease after FT. Genus- and species-level analysis revealed a cocktail of microorganisms in the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla that may ultimately be used as a probiotic to treat CDI.

A PCR Assay for Detection of Acetic Acid–Tolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria in Acidic Food Products

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIGERU NAKANO ◽  
ATSUSHI MATSUMURA ◽  
TOSHIHIRO YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Acid Tolerant

A PCR assay for the detection of acetic acid–tolerant lactic acid bacteria in the genera of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus was developed in this study. Primers targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were newly designed and used in this PCR assay. To determine the specificity of the assay, 56 different bacterial strains (of 33 genera), 2 fungi, 3 animals, and 4 plants were tested. Results were positive for most tested bacterial members of 16S rRNA gene–based phylogenetic groups (classi ed in the Lactobacillus casei and Pediococcus group), including Lactobacillus fructivorans, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus paracasei. For all other bacterial strains and eukaryote tested, results were negative. Bacterial DNA for PCR was prepared with a simple procedure with the use of Chelex 100 resin from culture after growth in deMan Rogosa Sharpe broth (pH 6.0). To test this PCR assay for the monitoring of the acetic acid–tolerant lactic acid bacteria, L. fructivorans was inoculated into several acidic food as an indicator. Before the PCR, the inoculation of 10 to 50 CFU of bacteria per g of food was followed by a 28-h enrichment culture step, and the PCR assay allowed the detection of bacterial cells. Including the enrichment culture step, the entire PCR detection process can be completed within 30 h.

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