scholarly journals Abundance and Composition of Epiphytic Bacterial and Archaeal Ammonia Oxidizers of Marine Red and Brown Macroalgae

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalia Trias ◽  
Arantzazu García-Lledó ◽  
Noemí Sánchez ◽  
José Luis López-Jurado ◽  
Sara Hallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACTAmmonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) are important for nitrogen cycling in marine ecosystems. Little is known about the diversity and abundance of these organisms on the surface of marine macroalgae, despite the algae's potential importance to create surfaces and local oxygen-rich environments supporting ammonia oxidation at depths with low dissolved oxygen levels. We determined the abundance and composition of the epiphytic bacterial and archaeal ammonia-oxidizing communities on three species of macroalgae,Osmundaria volubilis,Phyllophora crispa, andLaminaria rodriguezii, from the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean Sea). Quantitative PCR of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA andamoAgenes was performed. In contrast to what has been shown for most other marine environments, the macroalgae's surfaces were dominated by bacterialamoAgenes rather than those from the archaeal counterpart. On the basis of the sequences retrieved from AOB and AOAamoAgene clone libraries from each algal species, the bacterial ammonia-oxidizing communities were related toNitrosospiraspp. and toNitrosomonas europaeaand only 6 out of 15 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were specific for the host species. Conversely, the AOA diversity was higher (43 OTUs) and algal species specific, with 17 OTUs specific forL. rodriguezii, 3 forO. volubilis, and 9 forP. crispa. Altogether, the results suggest that marine macroalgae may exert an ecological niche for AOB in marine environments, potentially through specific microbe-host interactions.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological Characterization of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria from Freshwater

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (16) ◽  
pp. 5773-5780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth French ◽  
Jessica A. Kozlowski ◽  
Maitreyee Mukherjee ◽  
George Bullerjahn ◽  
Annette Bollmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Group I ◽  
Nitrosomonas Oligotropha

ABSTRACTAerobic biological ammonia oxidation is carried out by two groups of microorganisms, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and the recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). Here we present a study using cultivation-based methods to investigate the differences in growth of three AOA cultures and one AOB culture enriched from freshwater environments. The strain in the enriched AOA culture belong to thaumarchaeal group I.1a, with the strain in one enrichment culture having the highest identity with “CandidatusNitrosoarchaeum koreensis” and the strains in the other two representing a new genus of AOA. The AOB strain in the enrichment culture was also obtained from freshwater and had the highest identity to AOB from theNitrosomonas oligotrophagroup (Nitrosomonascluster 6a). We investigated the influence of ammonium, oxygen, pH, and light on the growth of AOA and AOB. The growth rates of the AOB increased with increasing ammonium concentrations, while the growth rates of the AOA decreased slightly. Increasing oxygen concentrations led to an increase in the growth rate of the AOB, while the growth rates of AOA were almost oxygen insensitive. Light exposure (white and blue wavelengths) inhibited the growth of AOA completely, and the AOA did not recover when transferred to the dark. AOB were also inhibited by blue light; however, growth recovered immediately after transfer to the dark. Our results show that the tested AOB have a competitive advantage over the tested AOA under most conditions investigated. Further experiments will elucidate the niches of AOA and AOB in more detail.

scholarly journals North Atlantic Oscillation drives the annual occurrence of an isolated, peripheral population of the brown seaweed Fucus guiryi in the Western Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Melero ◽  
A. Enrique Salvo ◽  
José Carlos Báez ◽  
Elena Bañares-España ◽  
Andreas Reul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Integrated Response

The intertidal brown seaweed Fucus guiryi is distributed in the cold-temperate and warm-temperate coasts of Europe and North Africa. Curiously, an isolated population develops at Punta Calaburras (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean) but its presence is not permanent throughout the years, unlike the closest (ca. 80 km), perennial populations at the Strait of Gibraltar. The presence of the alga at Punta Calaburras is supposed to be due to the influence of the permanent Atlantic jet coming from the Atlantic Ocean into the Mediterranean. A twenty six years’ time series (from 1990 to 2015) of occurrence of F. guiryi at Punta Calaburras has been analysed by correlating with oceanographic (sea surface temperature, an estimator of the Atlantic jet power) and climatic factors (air temperature, rainfall, and North Atlantic Oscillation –NAO-, and Arctic Oscillation –AO- indexes). The occurrence of the alga aggregated from 1990-1994 and 1999-2004, with sporadic events in 2006 and 2011. Binary logistic regression showed that the occurrence of the alga at Punta Calaburras is favoured under positive NAO index from April to June. It has been hypothesized that the isolated population of F. guiryi should show greater stress than their congeners of permanent populations, and to this end, two approaches were used to evaluate stress: one based on the integrated response to ontogeny (developmental instability, based on measurements of the fractral pattern of algal thalli) and another based on the photosynthetic response. However, the only significant differences detected were in photosynthetic quantum yield and water loss under emersion conditions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the teleconnection between atmospheric oscillations and survival and proliferation of marine macroalgae, an aspect practically unknown before.

scholarly journals North Atlantic Oscillation drives the annual occurrence of an isolated, peripheral population of the brown seaweed Fucus guiryi in the Western Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Melero ◽  
A. Enrique Salvo ◽  
José Carlos Báez ◽  
Elena Bañares-España ◽  
Andreas Reul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Integrated Response

The intertidal brown seaweed Fucus guiryi is distributed in the cold-temperate and warm-temperate coasts of Europe and North Africa. Curiously, an isolated population develops at Punta Calaburras (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean) but its presence is not permanent throughout the years, unlike the closest (ca. 80 km), perennial populations at the Strait of Gibraltar. The presence of the alga at Punta Calaburras is supposed to be due to the influence of the permanent Atlantic jet coming from the Atlantic Ocean into the Mediterranean. A twenty six years’ time series (from 1990 to 2015) of occurrence of F. guiryi at Punta Calaburras has been analysed by correlating with oceanographic (sea surface temperature, an estimator of the Atlantic jet power) and climatic factors (air temperature, rainfall, and North Atlantic Oscillation –NAO-, and Arctic Oscillation –AO- indexes). The occurrence of the alga aggregated from 1990-1994 and 1999-2004, with sporadic events in 2006 and 2011. Binary logistic regression showed that the occurrence of the alga at Punta Calaburras is favoured under positive NAO index from April to June. It has been hypothesized that the isolated population of F. guiryi should show greater stress than their congeners of permanent populations, and to this end, two approaches were used to evaluate stress: one based on the integrated response to ontogeny (developmental instability, based on measurements of the fractral pattern of algal thalli) and another based on the photosynthetic response. However, the only significant differences detected were in photosynthetic quantum yield and water loss under emersion conditions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the teleconnection between atmospheric oscillations and survival and proliferation of marine macroalgae, an aspect practically unknown before.

scholarly journals Alga-Derived Substrates Select for Distinct Betaproteobacterial Lineages and Contribute to Niche Separation in Limnohabitans Strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 7307-7315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Šimek ◽  
Vojtěch Kasalický ◽  
Eliška Zapomělová ◽  
Karel Horňák
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inorganic Medium ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACTWe examined the proportions of major Betaproteobacteria subgroups within bacterial communities in diverse nonaxenic, monospecific cultures of algae or cyanobacteria: four species of cryptophyta (generaCryptomonasandRhodomonas), four species of chlorophyta (generaPediastrum,Staurastrum, andChlamydomonas), and two species of cyanobacteria (generaDolichospermumandAphanizomenon). In the cryptophyta cultures,Betaproteobacteriarepresented 48 to 71% of total bacteria, the genusLimnohabitansrepresented 18 to 26%, and thePolynucleobacterB subcluster represented 5 to 16%. In the taxonomically diverse chlorophyta group, the genusLimnohabitansaccounted for 7 to 45% of total bacteria. In contrast, cyanobacterial cultures contained significantly lower proportions of theLimnohabitansbacteria (1 to 3% of the total) than the cryptophyta and chlorophyta cultures. Notably, largely absent in all of the cultures wasPolynucleobacter necessarius(PolynucleobacterC subcluster). Subsequently, we examined the growth ofLimnohabitansstrains in the presence of different algae or their extracellular products (EPP). Two strains, affiliated withLimnohabitansplanktonicusandLimnohabitansparvus, were separately inoculated into axenic cultures of three algal species growing in an inorganic medium:Cryptomonassp.,Chlamydomonas noctigama, andPediastrum boryanum. TheLimnohabitansstrains cocultured with these algae or inoculated into their EPP consistently showed (i) pronounced population growth compared to the control without the algae or EPP and (ii) stronger growth stimulation ofL. planktonicusthan ofL. parvus.Overall, growth responses of theLimnohabitansstrains cultured with algae were highly species specific, which suggests a pronounced niche separation between two closely relatedLimnohabitansspecies likely mediated by different abilities to utilize the substrates produced by different algal species.

scholarly journals “CandidatusNitrosotenuis aquarius,” an Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaeon from a Freshwater Aquarium Biofilter

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Sauder ◽  
Katja Engel ◽  
Chien-Chi Lo ◽  
Patrick Chain ◽  
Josh D. Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group I

ABSTRACTAmmonia is a metabolic waste product excreted by aquatic organisms that causes toxicity when it accumulates. Aquaria and aquaculture systems therefore use biological filters that promote the growth of nitrifiers to convert ammonia to nitrate. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have been isolated from aquarium biofilters and are available as commercial supplements, but recent evidence suggests that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are abundant in aquarium biofilters. In this study, we report the cultivation and closed genome sequence of the novel AOA representative “CandidatusNitrosotenuis aquarius,” which was enriched from a freshwater aquarium biofilter. “Ca. Nitrosotenuis aquarius” oxidizes ammonia stoichiometrically to nitrite with a concomitant increase in thaumarchaeotal cells and a generation time of 34.9 h. “Ca. Nitrosotenuis aquarius” has an optimal growth temperature of 33°C, tolerates up to 3 mM NH4Cl, and grows optimally at 0.05% salinity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that “Ca. Nitrosotenuis aquarius” cells are rod shaped, with a diameter of ∼0.4 μm and length ranging from 0.6 to 3.6 μm. In addition, these cells possess surface layers (S-layers) and multiple proteinaceous appendages. Phylogenetically, “Ca. Nitrosotenuis aquarius” belongs to the group I.1aThaumarchaeota, clustering with environmental sequences from freshwater aquarium biofilters, aquaculture systems, and wastewater treatment plants. The complete 1.70-Mbp genome contains genes involved in ammonia oxidation, bicarbonate assimilation, flagellum synthesis, chemotaxis, S-layer production, defense, and protein glycosylation. Incubations with differential inhibitors indicate that “Ca. Nitrosotenuis aquarius”-like AOA contribute to ammonia oxidation within the aquarium biofilter from which it originated.IMPORTANCENitrification is a critical process for preventing ammonia toxicity in engineered biofilter environments. This work describes the cultivation and complete genome sequence of a novel AOA representative enriched from a freshwater aquarium biofilter. In addition, despite the common belief in the aquarium industry that AOB mediate ammonia oxidation, the present study suggests anin siturole for “Ca. Nitrosotenuis aquarius”-like AOA in freshwater aquarium biofilters.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of C2to C101-Alkynes on Ammonia Oxidation in Two Nitrososphaera Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1942-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Taylor ◽  
K. Taylor ◽  
B. Tennigkeit ◽  
M. Palatinszky ◽  
M. Stieglmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Monooxygenase ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nitrite Production ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacterium

ABSTRACTA previous study showed that ammonia oxidation by theThaumarchaeotaNitrosopumilus maritimus(group 1.1a) was resistant to concentrations of the C81-alkyne, octyne, which completely inhibits activity by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. In this study, the inhibitory effects of octyne and other C2to C101-alkynes were evaluated on the nitrite production activity of two pure culture isolates fromThaumarchaeotagroup 1.1b,Nitrososphaera viennensisstrain EN76 andNitrososphaera gargensis. BothN. viennensisandN. gargensiswere insensitive to concentrations of octyne that cause complete and irreversible inactivation of nitrite production by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. However, octyne concentrations (≥20 μM) that did not inhibitN. maritimuspartially inhibited nitrite production inN. viennensisandN. gargensisin a manner that did not show the characteristics of irreversible inactivation. In contrast to previous studies with an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium,Nitrosomonas europaea, octyne inhibition ofN. viennensiswas: (i) fully and immediately reversible, (ii) not competitive with NH4+, and (iii) without effect on the competitive interaction between NH4+and acetylene. BothN. viennensisandN. gargensisdemonstrated the same overall trend in regard to 1-alkyne inhibition as previously observed forN. maritimus, being highly sensitive to ≤C5alkynes and more resistant to longer-chain length alkynes. Reproducible differences were observed amongN. maritimus,N. viennensis, andN. gargensisin regard to the extent of their resistance/sensitivity to C6and C71-alkynes, which may indicate differences in the ammonia monooxygenase binding and catalytic site(s) among theThaumarchaeota.

scholarly journals North Atlantic Oscillation drives the annual occurrence of an isolated, peripheral population of the brown seaweedFucus guiryiin the Western Mediterranean Sea

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio J. Melero-Jiménez ◽  
A. Enrique Salvo ◽  
José C. Báez ◽  
Elena Bañares-España ◽  
Andreas Reul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Integrated Response

The canopy-forming, intertidal brown (Phaeophyceae) seaweedFucus guiryiis distributed along the cold-temperate and warm-temperate coasts of Europe and North Africa. Curiously, an isolated population develops at Punta Calaburras (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean) but thalli are not present in midsummer every year, unlike the closest (ca. 80 km), perennial populations at the Strait of Gibraltar. The persistence of the alga at Punta Calaburras could be due to the growth of resilient, microscopic stages as well as the arrival of few–celled stages originating from neighbouring localities, and transported by the permanent Atlantic Jet flowing from the Atlantic Ocean into the Mediterranean. A twenty-six year time series (from 1990 to 2015) of midsummer occurrence ofF. guiryithalli at Punta Calaburras has been analysed by correlating with oceanographic (sea surface temperature, an estimator of the Atlantic Jet power) and climatic factors (air temperature, rainfall, and North Atlantic Oscillation –NAO-, and Arctic Oscillation –AO- indexes). The midsummer occurrence of thalli clustered from 1990–1994 and 1999–2004, with sporadic occurrences in 2006 and 2011. Binary logistic regression showed that the occurrence of thalli at Punta Calaburras in midsummer is favoured under positive NAO index from April to June. It has been hypothesized that isolated population ofF. guiryishould show greater stress than their congeners of permanent populations, and to this end, two approaches were used to evaluate stress: one based on the integrated response during ontogeny (developmental instability, based on measurements of the fractal branching pattern of algal thalli) and another based on the photosynthetic response. Although significant differences were detected in photosynthetic quantum yield and water loss under emersion conditions, with thalli from Punta Calaburras being more affected by emersion than those from Tarifa, the developmental instability showed that the population from Tarifa suffers higher stress during ontogeny than that from Punta Calaburras. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the teleconnection between atmospheric oscillations and survival and proliferation of marine macroalgae.

scholarly journals Tracking the global reduction of marine traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David March ◽  
Kristian Metcalfe ◽  
Joaquin Tintoré ◽  
Brendan J. Godley
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Economic Zones

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled global impacts on human mobility. In the ocean, ship-based activities are thought to have been impacted due to severe restrictions on human movements and changes in consumption. Here, we quantify and map global change in marine traffic during the first half of 2020. There were decreases in 70.2% of Exclusive Economic Zones but changes varied spatially and temporally in alignment with confinement measures. Global declines peaked in April, with a reduction in traffic occupancy of 1.4% and decreases found across 54.8% of the sampling units. Passenger vessels presented more marked and longer lasting decreases. A regional assessment in the Western Mediterranean Sea gave further insights regarding the pace of recovery and long-term changes. Our approach provides guidance for large-scale monitoring of the progress and potential effects of COVID-19 on vessel traffic that may subsequently influence the blue economy and ocean health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document