In Situ Analysis of Phototrophic Sulfur Bacteria in the Chemocline of Meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland)

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1325-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Tonolla ◽  
Antonella Demarta ◽  
Raffaele Peduzzi ◽  
Dittmar Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Meromictic Lake ◽  
Gene Clone ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Phototrophic Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Tight Cluster ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT Comparative sequence analysis of a 16S rRNA gene clone library from the chemocline of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland) revealed the presence of a diverse number of phototrophic sulfur bacteria. Sequences resembled those of rRNA of type strains Chromatium okenii DSM169 and Amoebobacter purpureus DSM4197, as well as those of four bacteria forming a tight cluster with A. purpureus DSM4197 and Lamprocystis roseopersicinaDSM229. In situ hybridization with fluorescent (Cy3 labeled) oligonucleotide probes indicated that all large-celled phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline of Lake Cadagno were represented byC. okenii DSM169, while small-celled phototrophic sulfur bacteria consisted of four major populations with different distribution profiles in the chemocline indicating different ecophysiological adaptations.

scholarly journals In Situ Analysis of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Related to Desulfocapsa thiozymogenes in the Chemocline of Meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland)

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 820-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Tonolla ◽  
Antonella Demarta ◽  
Sandro Peduzzi ◽  
Dittmar Hahn ◽  
Raffaele Peduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Meromictic Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Comparative sequence analysis of a 16S rRNA gene clone library from the chemocline of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland) retrieved two clusters of sequences resembling sulfate-reducing bacteria within the family Desulfovibrionaceae. In situ hybridization showed that, similar to sulfate-reducing bacteria of the familyDesulfobacteriaceae, bacteria of one cluster with similarity values to the closest cultured relatives of between 92.6 and 93.1% resembled free cells or cells loosely attached to other cells or debris. Bacteria of the second cluster closely related toDesulfocapsa thiozymogenes DSM7269 with similarity values between 97.9 and 98.4% were generally associated with aggregates of different small-celled phototrophic sulfur bacteria, suggesting a potential interaction between the two groups of bacteria.

scholarly journals Thiocystis chemoclinalis sp. nov. and Thiocystis cadagnonensis sp. nov., motile purple sulfur bacteria isolated from the chemocline of a meromictic lake

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1682-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Peduzzi ◽  
Allana Welsh ◽  
Antonella Demarta ◽  
Paola Decristophoris ◽  
Raffaele Peduzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Meromictic Lake ◽  
Purple Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Sequence Similarities

Two isolates, designated CadH11T and Cad448T, representing uncultured purple sulfur bacterial populations H and 448, respectively, in the chemocline of Lake Cadagno, a crenogenic meromictic lake in Switzerland, were obtained using enrichment and isolation conditions that resembled those used for cultured members of the genus Thiocystis. Phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses of these isolates confirmed their assignment to the genus Thiocystis. However, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.2 % between CadH11T and Cad448T, and similarities of 97.7 and 98.5 %, respectively, with their closest cultured relative Thiocystis gelatinosa DSM 215T, as well as differences in DNA G+C content and carbon source utilization suggested that the isolates belonged to two distinct species. DNA–DNA hybridization of CadH11T and Cad448T with T. gelatinosa DSM 215T showed relatedness values of 46.4 and 60.8 %, respectively; the relatedness value between CadH11T and Cad448T was 59.2 %. Based on this evidence, strains CadH11T and Cad448T represent two novel species within the genus Thiocystis, for which the names Thiocystis chemoclinalis sp. nov. and Thiocystis cadagnonensis sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains of T. chemoclinalis sp. nov. and T. cadagnonensis sp. nov. are CadH11T ( = JCM 15112T  = KCTC 5954T) and Cad448T ( = JCM 15111T  = KCTC 15001T), respectively.

scholarly journals Anoxygenic photo- and chemosynthesis of phototrophic sulfur bacteria from an alpine meromictic lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Nezio ◽  
Clarisse Beney ◽  
Samuele Roman ◽  
Francesco Danza ◽  
Antoine Buetti-Dinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Meromictic Lake ◽  
Purple Sulfur Bacterium ◽  
Phototrophic Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Chlorobium Phaeobacteroides ◽  
Anoxic Environment ◽  
Dark Carbon Fixation

Abstract Meromictic lakes are interesting ecosystems to study anaerobic microorganisms due their permanent stratification allowing the formation of a stable anoxic environment. The crenogenic meromictic Lake Cadagno harbors an important community of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria responsible for almost half of its total productivity. Besides their ability to fix CO2 through photosynthesis, these microorganisms also showed high rates of dark carbon fixation via chemosyntesis. Here, we grew in pure cultures three populations of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria previously isolated from the lake, accounting for 72.8% of the total microbial community, and exibiting different phenotypes: 1) the motile, large-celled purple sulfur bacterium (PSB) Chromatium okenii, 2) the small-celled PSB Thiodictyon syntrophicum, and 3) the green sulfur bacterium (GSB) Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. We measured their ability to fix CO2 through photo- and chemo-synthesis, both in situ in the lake and in laboratory under different incubation conditions. We also evaluated the efficiency and velocity of H2S photo-oxidation, an important reaction in the anoxygenic photosynthesis process. Our results confirm that phototrophic sulfur bacteria strongly fix CO2 in the presence of light and that oxygen increases chemosynthesis at night, in laboratory conditions. Moreover, substancial differences were displayed between the three selected populations in terms of activity and abundance.

scholarly journals SUP05 Dominates the Gammaproteobacterial Sulfur Oxidizer Assemblages in Pelagic Redoxclines of the Central Baltic and Black Seas

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2767-2776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Glaubitz ◽  
Katrin Kießlich ◽  
Christian Meeske ◽  
Matthias Labrenz ◽  
Klaus Jürgens
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Prokaryotic Abundance ◽  
Card Fish

ABSTRACTGammaproteobacterial sulfur oxidizers (GSOs), particularly SUP05-related sequences, have been found worldwide in numerous oxygen-deficient marine environments. However, knowledge regarding their abundance, distribution, and ecological role is scarce. In this study, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences originating from a Baltic Sea pelagic redoxcline, thein situabundances of different GSO subgroups were quantified by CARD-FISH (catalyzed reporter fluorescencein situhybridization) with oligonucleotide probes developed specifically for this purpose. Additionally, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase form II (cbbM) gene transcript clone libraries were used to detect potential active chemolithoautotrophic GSOs in the Baltic Sea. Taken together, the results obtained by these two approaches demonstrated the existence of two major phylogenetic subclusters embedded within the GSO, one of them affiliated with sequences of the previously described SUP05 subgroup. CARD-FISH analyses revealed that only SUP05 occurred in relatively high numbers, reaching 10 to 30% of the total prokaryotes around the oxic-anoxic interface, where oxygen and sulfide concentrations are minimal. The applicability of the oligonucleotide probes was confirmed with samples from the Black Sea redoxcline, in which the SUP05 subgroup accounted for 10 to 13% of the total prokaryotic abundance. ThecbbMtranscripts presumably originating from SUP05 cells support previous evidence for the chemolithoautotrophic activity of this phylogenetic group. Our findings on the vertical distribution and high abundance of SUP05 suggest that this group plays an important role in marine redoxcline biogeochemistry, probably as anaerobic or aerobic sulfur oxidizers.

scholarly journals Dynamic cellular complexity of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline of meromictic Lake Cadagno

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0189510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Danza ◽  
Nicola Storelli ◽  
Samuele Roman ◽  
Samuel Lüdin ◽  
Mauro Tonolla
Keyword(s):  
Meromictic Lake ◽  
Phototrophic Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria

scholarly journals Physiology and Phylogeny of Green Sulfur Bacteria Forming a Monospecific Phototrophic Assemblage at a Depth of 100 Meters in the Black Sea

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8049-8060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann K. Manske ◽  
Jens Glaeser ◽  
Marcel M. M. Kuypers ◽  
Jörg Overmann
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacterium ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Green Sulfur

ABSTRACT The biomass, phylogenetic composition, and photoautotrophic metabolism of green sulfur bacteria in the Black Sea was assessed in situ and in laboratory enrichments. In the center of the western basin, bacteriochlorophyll e (BChl e) was detected between depths of 90 and 120 m and reached maxima of 54 and 68 ng liter−1. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis revealed a dominance of farnesyl esters and the presence of four unusual geranyl ester homologs of BChl e. Only traces of BChl e (8 ng liter−1) were found at the northwestern slope of the Black Sea basin, where the chemocline was positioned at a significantly greater depth of 140 m. Stable carbon isotope fractionation values of farnesol indicated an autotrophic growth mode of the green sulfur bacteria. For the first time, light intensities in the Black Sea chemocline were determined employing an integrating quantum meter, which yielded maximum values between 0.0022 and 0.00075 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 at the top of the green sulfur bacterial layer around solar noon in December. These values represent by far the lowest values reported for any habitat of photosynthetic organisms. Only one 16S rRNA gene sequence type was detected in the chemocline using PCR primers specific for green sulfur bacteria. This previously unknown phylotype groups with the marine cluster of the Chlorobiaceae and was successfully enriched in a mineral medium containing sulfide, dithionite, and freshly prepared yeast extract. Under precisely controlled laboratory conditions, the enriched green sulfur bacterium proved to be capable of exploiting light intensities as low as 0.015 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 for photosynthetic 14CO2 fixation. Calculated in situ doubling times of the green sulfur bacterium range between 3.1 and 26 years depending on the season, and anoxygenic photosynthesis contributes only 0.002 to 0.01% to total sulfide oxidation in the chemocline. The stable population of green sulfur bacteria in the Black Sea chemocline thus represents the most extremely low-light-adapted and slowest-growing type of phototroph known to date.

scholarly journals Bacterial, phytoplankton, and viral dynamics of meromictic Lake Cadagno offer insights into the Proterozoic ocean microbial loop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Singh Saini ◽  
Christel Hassler ◽  
Rachel N Cable ◽  
Marion Fourquez ◽  
Francesco Danza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meromictic Lake ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Eukaryotic Phytoplankton ◽  
Simultaneous Study ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Secondary Productivity

Meromictic Lake Cadagno, with its permanent stratification and persistent microbial bloom within the anoxic chemocline, serves as an ancient ocean analogue. Although the lake has been studied for over 25 years, the absence of simultaneous study of the bacteria, phytoplankton, and viruses, together with primary and secondary productivity, has hindered a comprehensive understanding of its microbial food web. This study evaluated the identities, abundances, and productivity of microbes in the context of nutrient biogeochemical cycling across the stratified depths of Lake Cadagno. Photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast 16S rRNA gene phylogenies suggested high abundances of eukaryotic phytoplankton, primarily Chlorophyta, through the water column. Of these, a close relative of Ankyra judayi, a high-alpine adapted chlorophyte, peaked with oxygen in the mixolimnion, while Closteriopsis-related chlorophytes peaked in the chemocline and monimolimnion. Chromatium, a genus of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria, dominated the chemocline along with Lentimicrobium, a genus of known fermenters whose abundance was newly reported in Lake Cadagno. Secondary production peaked in the chemocline, suggesting anoxygenic primary producers depended on heterotrophic nutrient remineralization. Virus-to-microbe ratios (VMR) peaked in the zone of high phytoplankton abundances, yet were at a minimum at the peak of Chromatium, dynamic trends that suggest viruses may play a role in the modulation of oxygenic and anoxygenic photo- and chemosynthesis in Lake Cadagno. Through the combined analysis of bacterial, eukaryotic, viral, and biogeochemical dynamics of Lake Cadagno, this study provides a new perspective on the biological and geochemical connections that comprised the food webs of the Proterozoic ocean.

scholarly journals A refined set of rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for in situ detection and quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lukumbuzya ◽  
Jannie Munk Kristensen ◽  
Katharina Kitzinger ◽  
Andreas Pommerening-Röser ◽  
Per Halkjær Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Probe Set ◽  
Weak Target

AbstractAmmonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) of the betaproteobacterial genera Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira are key nitrifying microorganisms in many natural and engineered ecosystems. Since many AOB remain uncultured, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes has been one of the most widely used approaches to study the community composition, abundance, and other features of AOB directly in environmental samples. However, the established and widely used AOB-specific 16S rRNA-targeted FISH probes were designed up to two decades ago, based on much smaller rRNA gene sequence datasets than available today. Several of these probes cover their target AOB lineages incompletely and suffer from a weak target specificity, which causes cross-hybridization of probes that should detect different AOB lineages. Here, a set of new highly specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes was developed and experimentally evaluated that complements the existing probes and enables the specific detection and differentiation of the known, major phylogenetic clusters of betaproteobacterial AOB. The new probes were successfully applied to visualize and quantify AOB in activated sludge and biofilm samples from seven pilot- and full-scale wastewater treatment systems. Based on its improved target group coverage and specificity, the refined probe set will facilitate future in situ analyses of AOB.

scholarly journals In Situ Detection of Novel Bacterial Endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. Phylogenetically Related to Members of the Order Rickettsiales

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Fritsche ◽  
Matthias Horn ◽  
Seyedreza Seyedirashti ◽  
Romesh K. Gautom ◽  
Karl-Heinz Schleifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts

ABSTRACT Acanthamoebae are ubiquitous soil and water bactivores which may serve as amplification vehicles for a variety of pathogenic facultative bacteria and as hosts to other, presently uncultured bacterial endosymbionts. The spectrum of uncultured endosymbionts includes gram-negative rods and gram-variable cocci, the latter recently shown to be members of the Chlamydiales. We report here the isolation from corneal scrapings of two Acanthamoebastrains that harbor gram-negative rod endosymbionts that could not be cultured by standard techniques. These bacteria were phylogenetically characterized following amplification and sequencing of the near-full-length 16S rRNA gene. We used two fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes targeting signature regions within the retrieved sequences to detect these organisms in situ. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that they displayed 99.6% sequence similarity and formed an independent and well-separated lineage within theRickettsiales branch of the alpha subdivision of theProteobacteria. Nearest relatives included members of the genus Rickettsia, with sequence similarities of approximately 85 to 86%, suggesting that these symbionts are representatives of a new genus and, perhaps, family. Distance matrix, parsimony, and maximum-likelihood tree-generating methods all consistently supported deep branching of the 16S rDNA sequences within the Rickettsiales. The oligonucleotide probes displayed at least three mismatches to all other available 16S rDNA sequences, and they both readily permitted the unambiguous detection of rod-shaped bacteria within intact acanthamoebae by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Considering the long-standing relationship of mostRickettsiales with arthropods, the finding of a related lineage of endosymbionts in protozoan hosts was unexpected and may have implications for the preadaptation and/or recruitment of rickettsia-like bacteria to metazoan hosts.

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