scholarly journals Preparation and Storage of High-Titer Lactic Streptococcus Bacteriophages1

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
J. Nyiendo ◽  
Ramon J. Seidler ◽  
W. E. Sandine ◽  
P. R. Elliker
Keyword(s):  
High Titer ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Phage on Tap – A quick and efficient protocol for the preparation of bacteriophage laboratory stocks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Bonilla ◽  
Maria Isabel Rojas ◽  
Giuliano Netto Flores Cruz ◽  
Shr-Hau Hung ◽  
Forest Rohwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Phage Stock ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxins ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Phage Propagation ◽  
And Storage

A major limitation with traditional phage preparations is the variability in titer, salts, and bacterial contaminants between successive propagations. Here we introduce the Phage On Tap (PoT) protocol for the quick and efficient preparation of homogenous bacteriophage (phage) stocks. This method produces homogenous, laboratory-scale, high titer (up to 1010-11 PFU∙ml-1), endotoxin reduced phage banks that can be used to eliminate the variability between phage propagations and improve the molecular characterizations of phage. The method consists of five major parts, including phage propagation, phage clean up by 0.22 µm filtering and chloroform treatment, phage concentration by ultrafiltration, endotoxin removal, and the preparation and storage of phage banks for continuous laboratory use. From a starting liquid lysate of >100 mL, the PoT protocol generated a clean, homogenous, laboratory phage bank with a phage recovery efficiency of 85% within just two days. In contrast, the traditional method took upwards of five days to produce a high titer, but lower volume phage stock with a recovery efficiency of only 4%. Phage banks can be further purified for the removal of bacterial endotoxins, reducing endotoxin concentrations by over 3,000-fold while maintaining phage titer. The PoT protocol focused on T-like phages, but is broadly applicable to a variety of phages that can be propagated to sufficient titer, producing homogenous, high titer phage banks that are applicable for molecular and cellular assays.

scholarly journals Phage on Tap – A quick and efficient protocol for the preparation of bacteriophage laboratory stocks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Bonilla ◽  
Maria Isabel Rojas ◽  
Giuliano Netto Flores Cruz ◽  
Shr-Hau Hung ◽  
Forest Rohwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Phage Stock ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxins ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Phage Propagation ◽  
And Storage

A major limitation with traditional phage preparations is the variability in titer, salts, and bacterial contaminants between successive propagations. Here we introduce the Phage On Tap (PoT) protocol for the quick and efficient preparation of homogenous bacteriophage (phage) stocks. This method produces homogenous, laboratory-scale, high titer (up to 1010-11 PFU∙ml-1), endotoxin reduced phage banks that can be used to eliminate the variability between phage propagations and improve the molecular characterizations of phage. The method consists of five major parts, including phage propagation, phage clean up by 0.22 µm filtering and chloroform treatment, phage concentration by ultrafiltration, endotoxin removal, and the preparation and storage of phage banks for continuous laboratory use. From a starting liquid lysate of >100 mL, the PoT protocol generated a clean, homogenous, laboratory phage bank with a phage recovery efficiency of 85% within just two days. In contrast, the traditional method took upwards of five days to produce a high titer, but lower volume phage stock with a recovery efficiency of only 4%. Phage banks can be further purified for the removal of bacterial endotoxins, reducing endotoxin concentrations by over 3,000-fold while maintaining phage titer. The PoT protocol focused on T-like phages, but is broadly applicable to a variety of phages that can be propagated to sufficient titer, producing homogenous, high titer phage banks that are applicable for molecular and cellular assays.

scholarly journals Preparation and Storage of High-Titer Lactic Streptococcus Bacteriophages1

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nyiendo ◽  
Ramon J. Seidler ◽  
W. E. Sandine ◽  
P. R. Elliker
Keyword(s):  
High Titer ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Phage on tap–a quick and efficient protocol for the preparation of bacteriophage laboratory stocks

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Bonilla ◽  
Maria Isabel Rojas ◽  
Giuliano Netto Flores Cruz ◽  
Shr-Hau Hung ◽  
Forest Rohwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Phage Stock ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxins ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Phage Propagation ◽  
And Storage

A major limitation with traditional phage preparations is the variability in titer, salts, and bacterial contaminants between successive propagations. Here we introduce the Phage On Tap (PoT) protocol for the quick and efficient preparation of homogenous bacteriophage (phage) stocks. This method produces homogenous, laboratory-scale, high titer (up to 1010–11PFU·ml−1), endotoxin reduced phage banks that can be used to eliminate the variability between phage propagations and improve the molecular characterizations of phage. The method consists of five major parts, including phage propagation, phage clean up by 0.22 μm filtering and chloroform treatment, phage concentration by ultrafiltration, endotoxin removal, and the preparation and storage of phage banks for continuous laboratory use. From a starting liquid lysate of > 100 mL, the PoT protocol generated a clean, homogenous, laboratory phage bank with a phage recovery efficiency of 85% within just two days. In contrast, the traditional method took upwards of five days to produce a high titer, but lower volume phage stock with a recovery efficiency of only 4%. Phage banks can be further purified for the removal of bacterial endotoxins, reducing endotoxin concentrations by over 3,000-fold while maintaining phage titer. The PoT protocol focused on T-like phages, but is broadly applicable to a variety of phages that can be propagated to sufficient titer, producing homogenous, high titer phage banks that are applicable for molecular and cellular assays.

An Overview of Digital Image Processing and Recognition (Invited Paper)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 700-702
Author(s):  
R. C. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
New York ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Submarine Cable ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Digitized Pictures ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Storage

Interest in digital image processing techniques dates back to the early 1920's, when digitized pictures of world news events were first transmitted by submarine cable between New York and London. Applications of digital image processing concepts, however, did not become widespread until the middle 1960's, when third-generation digital computers began to offer the speed and storage capabilities required for practical implementation of image processing algorithms. Since then, this area has experienced vigorous growth, having been a subject of interdisciplinary research in fields ranging from engineering and computer science to biology, chemistry, and medicine.

Control of Secretory Production in the Isopod Hepatopancreas

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
John W. Roberts ◽  
E. R. Witkus
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Secretory Material ◽  
Blind Ending ◽  
Secretory Production ◽  
Regenerative Cells ◽  
Immature Cells ◽  
And Storage

The isopod hepatopancreas, as exemplified by Oniscus ascellus. is comprised of four blind-ending diverticula. The regenerative cells at the tip of each diverticula differentiate into either club-shaped B-cells, which serve a secretory function, or into conoid S-cells, which serve in the absorption and storage of nutrients.The glandular B-cells begin producing secretory material with the development of rough endoplasmic reticulum during their process of maturation from the undifferentiated regenerative cells. Cytochemical and morphological data indicate that the hepatopancreas sequentially produces two types of secretory material within the large club-shaped cells. The production of the carbohydrate-like secretory product in immature cells seems to be phased out as the production of the osmiophilic secretion was phased in as the cell matured.

Quantitative Analysis Of X-Ray Images From Geological Materials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
J. M. Paque ◽  
R. Browning ◽  
P. L. King ◽  
P. Pianetta
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Geological Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Insight Into

Geological samples typically contain many minerals (phases) with multiple element compositions. A complete analytical description should give the number of phases present, the volume occupied by each phase in the bulk sample, the average and range of composition of each phase, and the bulk composition of the sample. A practical approach to providing such a complete description is from quantitative analysis of multi-elemental x-ray images.With the advances in recent years in the speed and storage capabilities of laboratory computers, large quantities of data can be efficiently manipulated. Commercial software and hardware presently available allow simultaneous collection of multiple x-ray images from a sample (up to 16 for the Kevex Delta system). Thus, high resolution x-ray images of the majority of the detectable elements in a sample can be collected. The use of statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), can provide insight into mineral phase composition and the distribution of minerals within a sample.

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