scholarly journals Antibiotics Modulate Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immune Response

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Y. Woo ◽  
Hoi-Wah Tsoi ◽  
Lei-Po Wong ◽  
Harry C. H. Leung ◽  
Kwok-Yung Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The effects of antibiotics on the antigen-specific humoral immune response are not known. Macrolides, tetracyclines, and beta-lactams are commonly prescribed antibiotics. The first two are known to have immunomodulatory activities. The effects of clarithromycin, doxycycline, and ampicillin on the primary and secondary antibody responses to tetanus toxoid, a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, a hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine, and live attenuatedSalmonella typhi (Ty21a) were investigated using a mouse model. For the mice receiving the tetanus toxoid, the immunoglobulin M (IgM) level of the clarithromycin group at day 7 was significantly lower than the corresponding antibody level of the normal saline (NS) group. For the mice receiving the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, the total antibody and IgM levels of the clarithromycin group and the IgM level of the doxycycline group at day 7 were significantly lower than the corresponding antibody levels of the ampicillin and NS groups. For the mice receiving the HBsAg vaccine, the IgM level of the doxycycline group at day 7 was significantly lower than the corresponding antibody levels of the clarithromycin and NS groups, while the IgM level of the clarithromycin group at day 28 was significantly lower than the corresponding antibody levels of the doxycycline, ampicillin, and NS groups. For the mice receiving all three vaccines, there were no statistically significant differences between any of the antibody levels of the ampicillin group and the corresponding antibody levels of the NS group. For the mice receiving Ty21a, the total antibody levels of the ampicillin group at days 7 and 21 were significantly higher than the corresponding antibody levels of the NS group. Moreover, the IgM levels of the clarithromycin, doxycycline, and ampicillin groups at days 7 and 21 were significantly higher than the corresponding antibody levels of the NS group. Furthermore, the total antibody level of the ampicillin group at day 21 was significantly higher than the corresponding antibody level of the doxycycline group. For all four vaccines, there were no statistically significant differences among the serum levels of interleukin-10 and gamma interferon for the mice treated with the various antibiotics. We conclude that clarithromycin and doxycycline, but not ampicillin, suppress the antibody responses of mice to T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent antigens, whereas all three antibiotics enhance the antibody response to live attenuated mucosal bacterial vaccines.

scholarly journals Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
István Kiss ◽  
Krisztina Szigeti ◽  
Zalán G. Homonnay ◽  
Vivien Tamás ◽  
Han Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Antibody Levels

Piglets from a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stable farm of low and high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV2 were vaccinated either with a whole virus type or a PCV2 ORF2 antigen-based commercial subunit vaccine at three weeks of age. Two non-vaccinated groups served as low and high MDA positive controls. At four weeks post vaccination, all piglets were challenged with a PCV2d-2 type virus strain and were checked for parameters related to vaccine protection over a four-week observation period. MDA levels evidently impacted the outcome of the PCV2d-2 challenge in non-vaccinated animals, while it did not have a significant effect on vaccine-induced protection levels. The humoral immune response developed faster in the whole virus vaccinates than in the subunit vaccinated pigs in the low MDA groups. Further, high MDA levels elicited a stronger negative effect on the vaccine-induced humoral immune response for the subunit vaccine than for the whole virus vaccine. The group-based oral fluid samples and the group mean viraemia and faecal shedding data correlated well, enabling this simple, and animal welfare-friendly sampling method for the evaluation of the PCV2 viral load status of these nursery piglets.

scholarly journals Dynamics of humoral immune response in pregnant mares and foals vaccinated with Theileria equi recombinant EMA-2

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109
Author(s):  
Alice C. Santos ◽  
Fábio P.L. Leite ◽  
Ana M. Vianna ◽  
Guilherme B. Weege ◽  
Ilusca S. Finger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT: Theileria equi is an infectious hemoprotozoan agent of equine piroplasmosis, a disease that has severe economic and sanitary impact internationally. In addition to its common clinical features, piroplasmosis can cause gestational losses and neonatal damage, which makes neonates susceptible to this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of humoral immune response to recombinant EMA-2 of T. equi in pregnant mares and foals, as well as the transfer of vaccine antibodies through the colostrum ingested by sucking foals. For vaccine production, the EMA-2 expression gene was cloned and expressed in the yeast species, Pichia pastoris. Thirty-six horses were used, of which 18 were pregnant mares and 18 were foals. The mares were divided into control and vaccinated groups, and the vaccinated group received three doses of rEMA-2 every 21 days starting at 300 days of gestation. Foals from vaccinated and control groups were evaluated until the sixth month of life. The production of antibodies by foals on the rEMA-2 vaccination schedule was also evaluated from the second month of life. Foals in the vaccinated group had received three doses of the vaccine every 21 days. The method used to evaluate serum and colostrum samples was indirect ELISA, and plates were sensitized with the rEMA-2 protein. At the end of the vaccination schedule, vaccinated mares showed a 2.3-fold increase in antibody levels when compared to baseline values. The colostrum of vaccinated mares presented antibody levels of 1.0432±0.33. Foals delivered by vaccinated mares presented levels of antibodies greater than those of foals delivered by control mares after their first time sucking (at about twelve hours after birth). Foals vaccinated in the second month of life showed an 8.3-fold increase in antibody levels when compared to baseline values. The vaccination schedule with rEMA-2 was able to stimulate humoral immunity in pregnant mares. Vaccine immunoglobins were concentrated in the colostrum of vaccinated mares and foals delivered by these mares showed an increase in serum levels of vaccine antibodies after the first-time sucking.

scholarly journals Association between Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity after Vaccination with BNT162b2

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Stilla Bauernfeind ◽  
Bernd Salzberger ◽  
Florian Hitzenbichler ◽  
Karolina Scigala ◽  
Sebastian Einhauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Severe Adverse Reactions

It is not clear whether there is an association between adverse reactions and immune response after vaccination. Seven hundred and thirty-five vaccinees from our University Medical Center vaccination clinic provided information about sex, age and adverse reactions after first and second vaccination with BNT162b2. Adverse reactions were categorized into three groups: no or minor on the injection side, moderate (not further classified) and severe—defined as any symptom(s) resulting in sick leave. We chose 38 vaccinees with the most severe adverse reactions and compared their humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses after second vaccination with those of 38 sex and age matched controls without or only minor injection-side related adverse reactions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG titers were detectable in all participants (median 5528; range 958–26,285). Men with severe adverse reactions had 1.5-fold higher median SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG titers compared to men without adverse reactions (median 7406 versus 4793; p < 0.001). Similarly; neutralization activity was significantly higher in men with severe adverse reactions (half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) median 769 versus 485; p < 0.001). Reactogenicity did not influence humoral immune response in women nor T-cell-mediated immune response in any sex. To conclude; adverse reactions after vaccination with BNT162b2 do influence humoral immune response yet only in men and are not a prerequisite for a robust antibody response.

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