Recognition of Multiple Classes of Hepatitis C Antibodies Increases Detection Sensitivity in Oral Fluid

ABSTRACT Paired serum-oral fluid samples from 127 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive and 31 HCV-negative patients were tested for the presence of anti-HCV using the Ortho HCV 3.0 ELISA. Using the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific detection antibody provided with the HCV 3.0 ELISA we attained 100% sensitivity and specificity with serum samples; however, sensitivity in oral fluid samples was only 81%. By modifying the HCV 3.0 ELISA to utilize a secondary antibody cocktail that recognizes not only IgG but IgA and IgM as well, we attained 100% specificity and sensitivity with oral fluid samples.

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Utility of the Cobas® Plasma Separation Card as a Sample Collection Device for Serological and Virological Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Fernando Velásquez-Orozco ◽

Ariadna Rando-Segura ◽

Joan Martínez-Camprecios ◽

Paula Salmeron ◽

Adrián Najarro-Centeno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Plasma Separation ◽

Virological Diagnosis ◽

A Prospective Study

Diagnosis and clinical management of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) relies on results from a combination of serological and virological tests. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of dried plasma spots (DPS), prepared using the cobas® Plasma Separation Card (PSC), to plasma and serum from venipuncture, for HCV diagnosis. We carried out a prospective study using DPS and paired plasma or serum samples. Serum and DPS samples were analyzed by immunoassay using Elecsys® Anti-HCV II (Roche). Plasma and DPS samples were analyzed using the cobas® HCV viral load and cobas® HCV genotyping tests (Roche). All DPS samples that had high anti-HCV antibody titers in serum were also antibody-positive, as were five of eight samples with moderate titers. Eight samples with low titers in serum were negative with DPS. Among 80 samples with plasma HCV viral loads between 61.5 and 2.2 × 108 IU/mL, 74 were RNA-positive in DPS. The mean viral load difference between plasma and DPS was 2.65 log10 IU/mL. The performance of DPS for detection of serological and virological markers of hepatitis C virus infection was comparable to that of the conventional specimen types. However, the limits of detection were higher for DPS.

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The performance of hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) antibody point‐of‐care tests on oral fluid or whole blood and dried blood spot testing for HCV serology and viral load among individuals at higher risk for HCV in South Africa

Health Science Reports ◽

10.1002/hsr2.229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nishi Prabdial‐Sing ◽

Lucinda Gaelejwe ◽

Lillian Makhathini ◽

Jayendrie Thaver ◽

Morubula Jack Manamela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Hcv Antibody ◽

Point Of Care Tests ◽

Blood Spot

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Prospective study of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients by monthly analysis of HCV RNA and antibodies

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w03-065 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 503-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Regina Moreira ◽

João Renato Rebello Pinho ◽

Jorge Fares ◽

Isabel Takano Oba ◽

Maria Regina Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Hcv Genotypes ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Time Required

The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the prevalence and the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hemodialysis patients in two different centers in São Paulo (Brazil), (ii) determine the time required to detect HCV infection among these patients by serology or PCR, (iii) establish the importance of alanine aminotransferase determination as a marker of HCV infection, and (iv) identify the HCV genotypes in this population. Serum samples were collected monthly for 1 year from 281 patients admitted to hospital for hemodialysis. Out of 281 patients, 41 patients (14.6%) were HCV positive; six patients seroconverted during this study (incidence = 3.1/1000 person-month). In 1.8% (5/281) of cases, RNA was detected before the appearance of antibodies (up to 5 months), and in 1.1% (3/281) of cases, RNA was the unique marker of HCV infection. The genotypes found were 1a, 1b, 3a, and 4a. The presence of genotype 4a is noteworthy, since it is a rare genotype in Brazil. These data pointed out the high prevalence and incidence of HCV infection at hemodialysis centers in Brazil and showed that routine PCR is fundamental for improving the detection of HCV carriers among patients undergoing hemodialysis.Key words: HCV genotypes, hemodialysis, hepatitis C, PCR, prevalence, incidence.

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NS3 Variability in Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1A Isolates from Liver Tissue and Serum Samples of Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

Intervirology ◽

10.1159/000489307 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Deborah D’Aliberti ◽

Irene Cacciola ◽

Cristina Musolino ◽

Giuseppina Raffa ◽

Roberto Filomia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Chronic Hepatitis C ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Virus Genotype ◽

Genotype 1A ◽

Treatment Naïve

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Transfusion-transmitted human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection in Taiwan: a true risk and occasional coinfection with hepatitis C virus shown in a prospective study

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v84.3.934.bloodjournal843934 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 934-940

Author(s):

JT Wang ◽

MT Lin ◽

PJ Chen ◽

JC Sheu ◽

JT Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

T Cell ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Family Members ◽

Type I ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Human T Cell ◽

A Prospective Study

To study the incidence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) after blood transfusion in Taiwan, serum samples from 699 patients in a prospective study were examined for seroreactivity of anti-HTLV. By an enzyme immunoassay, 9 of the 699 recipients were repeatedly positive. Serial serum samples of these 9 patients were then confirmed with a Western blot analysis and with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for HTLV-I genome. Four were already positive for anti-HTLV before transfusion, 1 carried antibodies to HTLV-I transiently after transfusion, and only 4 cases had de nova seroconversions. These patients and their family members were called back and tested for HTLV- I genome in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and plasma. All the serologically positive patients, except the “transient one,” were positive for HTLV sequences in the PBMCs. Viral sequences could also be detected in several serum or plasma samples. In the family members, only the spouse of a pretransfusion-positive patient was infected. These results suggested that approximately 0.6% of the blood recipients were infected by HTLV-I through transfusion in Taiwan, and that the frequency of intrafamilial HTLV-I transmission is low. We also observed the unusual coinfection by both HTLV-I and hepatitis C virus in 2 patients, and superinfection of hepatitis C virus after blood transfusion in 1 HTLV-I carrier. Cases of coinfection suggest a prevalence of both viruses in blood donors and warrant further screening.

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Detection of active hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus/GB virus C replication in bone marrow in human subjects

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v95.12.3986 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 95 (12) ◽

pp. 3986-3989 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Marek Radkowski ◽

Joanna Kubicka ◽

Elzbieta Kisiel ◽

Janusz Cianciara ◽

Marek Nowicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Hepatitis G Virus ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Hepatitis G ◽

Virus C

Abstract We have analyzed the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) sequences in bone marrow and serum samples from 48 patients of a hematologic outpatient clinic. HCV RNA was detected in 18 (38%) and 15 (31%) and HGV RNA was detected in 6 (13%) and 9 (19%) of serum and bone marrow samples, respectively. In 3 patients, HGV RNA was detectable in bone marrow but not in the serum; 2 of these patients were negative for the presence of specific antibodies. Using a highly strand-specific Tth-based reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the presence of HCV RNA and HGV RNA negative strand was demonstrated in 4 and 5 bone marrow samples, respectively. Our study shows that HCV and HGV can replicate in bone marrow; in the case of HGV, analysis of serum may underestimate the true prevalence of infection.

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Quantification of genotype 4 serum samples: Impact of hepatitis C virus genetic variability

Hepatology ◽

10.1002/hep.23578 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 401-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Philippe Halfon ◽

Michelle Martinot-Peignoux ◽

Hacène Khiri ◽

Patrick Marcellin

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Genotype 4

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Contribution of insertions and deletions to the variability of hepatitis C virus populations

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.82855-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 88 (8) ◽

pp. 2198-2203 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Manuela Torres-Puente ◽

José M. Cuevas ◽

Nuria Jiménez-Hernández ◽

María A. Bracho ◽

Inmaculada García-Robles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Sequencing Project ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

Insertions And Deletions ◽

Hypervariable Regions

Little is known about the potential effects of insertions and deletions (indels) on the evolutionary dynamics of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In fact, the consequences of indels on antiviral treatment response are a field of investigation completely unexplored. Here, an extensive sequencing project was undertaken by cloning and sequencing serum samples from 25 patients infected with HCV subtype 1a and 48 patients with subtype 1b. For 23 patients, samples obtained after treatment with alpha interferon plus ribavirin were also available. Two genome fragments containing the hypervariable regions in the envelope 2 glycoprotein and the PKR-BD domain in NS5A were sequenced, yielding almost 16 000 sequences. Our results show that insertions are quite rare, but they are often present in biologically relevant domains of the HCV genome. Moreover, their frequency distributions between different time samples reflect the quasispecies dynamics of HCV populations. Deletions seem to be subject to negative selection.

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