scholarly journals Fungal allergens.

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E Horner ◽  
A Helbling ◽  
J E Salvaggio ◽  
S B Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fungal Allergens ◽  
Fungal Allergy ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Type I Hypersensitivity ◽  
Allergy Prevalence

Airborne fungal spores occur widely and often in far greater concentrations than pollen grains. Immunoglobulin E-specific antigens (allergens) on airborne fungal spores induce type I hypersensitivity (allergic) respiratory reactions in sensitized atopic subjects, causing rhinitis and/or asthma. The prevalence of respiratory allergy to fungi is imprecisely known but is estimated at 20 to 30% of atopic (allergy-predisposed) individuals or up to 6% of the general population. Diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy to fungi require well-characterized or standardized extracts that contain the relevant allergen(s) of the appropriate fungus. Production of standardized extracts is difficult since fungal extracts are complex mixtures and a variety of fungi are allergenic. Thus, the currently available extracts are largely nonstandardized, even uncharacterized, crude extracts. Recent significant progress in isolating and characterizing relevant fungal allergens is summarized in the present review. Particularly, some allergens from the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium are now thoroughly characterized, and allergens from several other genera, including some basidiomycetes, have also been purified. The availability of these extracts will facilitate definitive studies of fungal allergy prevalence and immunotherapy efficacy as well as enhance both the diagnosis and therapy of fungal allergy.

Effects of magnolialide isolated from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) on immunoglobulin E-mediated type I hypersensitivity in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 550-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehun Lee ◽  
Sooryun Lee ◽  
Kyeong Ho Kim ◽  
Ki-Bong Oh ◽  
Jongheon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Type I ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Type I Hypersensitivity

Airborne fungal spores, pollen grains, and vegetable cells in routine Papanicolaou smears

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Martínez-Girón ◽  
Andrés Ribas-Barceló ◽  
M Teresa García-Miralles ◽  
Dolores López-Cabanilles ◽  
M Luisa Tamargo-Peláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Papanicolaou Smears

Evaluation of the Role of Immunotherapy in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Ghada A. Mokhtar ◽  
Sylvia W. Roman ◽  
Aya M. Elgendy ◽  
Marian A. Gerges ◽  
Alsayed Abdulmageed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Fungal Allergens ◽  
Type I Hypersensitivity

Background: Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a distinct form of chronic rhinosinusitis. Type I hypersensitivity to inhaled fungal allergens has been implicated as key pathogenesis. Immunotherapy as one of the therapeutic options is still controversial. Objective: to evaluate the role of immunotherapy in the management of AFRS patients not responding to medical treatment 3 months following endoscopic surgery. Methodology: A total of 35 patients diagnosed as resistant AFRS were included in this prospective study. Patients were diagnosed following clinical, radiological, and endoscopic examination of nose and paranasal sinuses. Specimens were collected during endoscopy and subjected to microscopic examination and fungal culture. Skin prick test and assessment of total IgE level were performed for all patients. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) was initiated for all patients for 6 months. Clinical efficacy of SLIT was assessed using the 20-item sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-20) score. Results: Aspergillus spp. was the most frequent fungus isolated (74.3%) from patients. All patients were sensitized to mixed fungi. Elevated total IgE (> 100 IU/mL) was found in all patients with 40% of them had peripheral eosinophilia. A significant improvement (p < 0.001) was recorded in the SNOT-20 score of examined patients recording a mean of 1.2 ± 0.3, 6 months after SLIT compared to 1.93 ± 0.44 before immunotherapy initiation. Conclusion: Immunotherapy appears to be a good adjunctive therapy for the management of resistant cases of AFRS.

Biomarkers for non-human primate Type-I hypersensitivity: Antigen-specific immunoglobulin E assays

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcey Clark ◽  
Faith Shiota ◽  
Carla Forte ◽  
Padma Narayanan ◽  
Daniel T. Mytych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Type I ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Type I Hypersensitivity ◽  
Human Primate

Systemic Reactions to Immunotherapy: The American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy Morbidity and Mortality Survey

1994 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Cook ◽  
James L. Bryant ◽  
William E. Davis ◽  
Theodore T. Benke ◽  
Arnold S. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitivity Reaction ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Systemic Reaction ◽  
Type I ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Type I Hypersensitivity ◽  
Mortality Survey

Anaphylaxis may be defined as a systemic, Immunoglobulin E-mediated (Gell-Coombs type I) hypersensitivity reaction triggered by exposure to an antigen in a previously sensitized patient. Anaphylaxis may occur in a varlety of circumstances: however, when it occurs as the result of Immunotherapy, it is of great concern to the practicing allergist. When describing or reporting anaphylaxis relating to Immunotherapy, most allergists speak in terms of the types of reactions, local vs. systemic. Germane to this discussion is the use of the term systemic reaction, which can mean anything from mild allergy symptoms resulting from an allergy injection to bradycardia and hypotension (shock). In this article we report serious or significant systemic reactions, which are characterized by any of the following symptoms: urticaria, sneezing or nasal obstruction, throat tightness or congestion, wheezing, and shock (bradycardta or hypotension). There were no fatalities reported from the survey group. The overall reaction rate was 0.3%.

scholarly journals IL-1βand IL-6 Are Highly Expressed in RF+IgE+ Systemic Lupus Erythematous Subtype

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkang Wu ◽  
Bei Cai ◽  
Junlong Zhang ◽  
Beilei Shen ◽  
Zhuochun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematous ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Type I Hypersensitivity

Background.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with great heterogeneity in pathogenesis and clinical symptoms. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is one key indicator for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) while immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with type I hypersensitivity. To better categorize SLE subtypes, we determined the dominant cytokines based on familial SLE patients.Methods.RF, IgE, and multiple cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1β) were measured in sera of familial SLE patients (n=3), noninherited SLE patients (n=108), and healthy controls (n=80).Results.Three familial SLE patients and 5 noninherited SLE cases are with features of RF+IgE+. These RF+IgE+ SLE patients expressed significantly higher levels of IL-1βand IL-6 than the other SLE patients (P<0.05). IL-6 correlated with both IgE and IL-1βlevels in RF+IgE+ SLE patients (r2=0.583,P=0.027;r2=0.847,P=0.001), and IgE also correlated with IL-1β(r2=0.567,P=0.031).Conclusion.Both IL-1βand IL-6 are highly expressed cytokines in RF+IgE+ SLE subtype which may be related to the pathogenesis of this special SLE subtype and provide accurate treatment strategy by neutralizing IL-1βand IL-6.

scholarly journals Beware of the Caterpillar: Anaphylaxis to the Spotted Tussock Moth Caterpillar, Lophocampa Maculata

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. ar.2014.5.0086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon DuGar ◽  
Julie Sterbank ◽  
Haig Tcheurekdjian ◽  
Robert Hostoffer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Anaphylactic Reaction ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Scratch Testing ◽  
Tussock Moth ◽  
Prompt Treatment ◽  
Progressive Dyspnea ◽  
Type I Hypersensitivity

We present a case report of a 5-year-old boy with presumed anaphylaxis to the caterpillar, Lophocampa maculata, manifesting as the acute development of diffuse urticaria and progressive dyspnea. This reaction required prompt treatment with antihistamines and a bronchodilator. Allergen scratch testing with a homogenized caterpillar extract suggests that immunoglobulin E–mediated type I hypersensitivity as the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for the boy's anaphylaxis. This case report represents the first documented occurrence of an anaphylactic reaction to Lophocampa maculata and adds to the rare incidence of documented hypersensitivity to the order Lepidoptera.

scholarly journals Sensitization to Airborne Fungal Allergens Associates with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Presentation and Severity in the Singaporean/Malaysian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yie Sio ◽  
Sze Lei Pang ◽  
Yee-How Say ◽  
Keng Foo Teh ◽  
Yi Ru Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Fungal Allergens ◽  
Fungal Sensitization

AbstractFungal spores and conidia are the major components of total airspora in the tropical Asia environment, and their sensitization patterns are often associated with allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis. Hence, we recruited a cross-sectional cohort of 9223 Singapore/Malaysia Chinese adults and assessed their sensitization against Curvularia lunata allergen using the skin prick test approach. A subset of this cohort (n = 254) was also screened for specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) titers against a panel of 11 fungal allergens. We found significant association of Curvularia lunata sensitization with the risk of asthma (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.17–2.33; p = 0.00391) and AR (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.18–2.41; p = 0.00396). Among asthmatic patients (n = 1680), Curvularia lunata sensitization also increased frequencies of wheezing symptoms (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.05–2.96; p = 0.0239), general practitioner/specialist visits (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.13–4.61; p = 0.0157), and other asthma-related exacerbation events (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.04–4.10; p = 0.0289). In our serum cohort, sensitization to Aspergillus spp. was the most common fungal sensitization, with 23.6% (n = 60) had a class 3 and above sensitization (positive sensitization; sIgE titers of > 3.5 kU/L) against this allergen. Increasing sIgE titer against Aspergillus spp. was also correlated with increased AR risk and AR-related symptoms. In conclusion, our findings emphasize an important role of fungal sensitization in the manifestations of asthma and AR in the Southeast Asian Chinese population.

scholarly journals Pollen Allergy; Mechanism and Etiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Shazia Choudhary ◽  
Mamoona Noreen ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pollen Allergens ◽  
Normal Healthy Individual ◽  
Foreign Molecule ◽  
Type I Hypersensitivity

The term allergy refers to an exaggerated immune response to a foreign molecule. In a normal healthy individual, this foreign molecule will act as a harmless antigen, as it will be recognized & cleared by the immune system without causing any significant damage to host tissues. In certain individuals, such antigens stimulate immune system in such a way that a series of exaggerated immune response are generated against it, leading to significant tissue injury and damage to the host. Such as exaggerated immune response may also cause death of the patient. Such antigen is termed as an allergen. Allergy is categorised under Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions occur when an antigen acting as an allergen attacks the immune system of the host and causes excessive stimulation of mast cells and basophils. This is followed by the release of allergy mediators which are responsible for causing local or systemic anaphylaxis, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjuctivitis. Type I allergens are of various types, the mechanism of action is same; however underlying factors may differ in each type. This article is about pollen allergens, in specific & will discuss the common sources of pollen allergens in Pakistan, the relevance and the factors behind pollen allergy.   

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