scholarly journals Dendritic Cells in Uninfected Infants Born to Hepatitis B Virus-Positive Mothers

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1079-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemonica J. Koumbi ◽  
Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos ◽  
Vassiliki Anastassiadou ◽  
Maria Machaira ◽  
Dimitris A. Kafetzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Dc System ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a central role in antiviral immunity, detecting viruses via Toll-like receptors (TLR) and producing in response vast amounts of type I interferons (IFNs). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes chronic infection after vertical transmission. This study investigated whether an HBV-infected maternal environment might influence DC numbers and pDC function in uninfected infants. Blood was collected from inactive HBsAg carrier and control mothers and their infants at birth and 1 and 6 months of age. HBV DNA was measured in maternal and neonatal perinatal sera using real-time PCR. The circulating frequencies of myeloid DCs (mDCs) and pDCs were determined in the babies by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cord blood pDCs were stimulated with resiquimod, and alpha interferon (IFN-α) production and the pDC phenotype were assessed. The effect of the common-cold virus, rhinovirus (RV), on resiquimod stimulation was also determined. HBV DNA was detected in 62.3% of the mothers and 41% of their infants. DC numbers and pDC functions were similar between subjects and controls and were not correlated with maternal or neonatal viremia. RV infection did not induce pDC maturation until the age of 6 months, and it reduced TLR7-dependent resiquimod-induced IFN-α production similarly in both groups. Although the DC system is immature at birth, DCs of uninfected neonates of HBV-positive mothers are competent to initiate and maintain T-cell responses. RV is a weak inducer of IFN-α production until the age of 6 months and inhibits IFN-α responses triggered by the TLR7 pathway.

scholarly journals Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus Genomes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahdat Poortahmasebi ◽  
Seyed Moayed Alavian ◽  
Azam Ghaziasadi ◽  
Arezou Azadi ◽  
Mohsen Nasiritoosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

Background: Several studies have revealed that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) exists in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It remains poorly understood whether HBV DNA and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) can emerge in PBMCs of patients with different stages of HBV infection. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the detection of HBV DNA and quantification and presence of cccDNA within PBMC from patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The present study was conducted on 120 participants (30 CHB patients, 30 cirrhosis patients, 30 HCC patients, and 30 healthy controls) from Tehran, Iran. HBV serological markers were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PBMCs of all individuals were assayed for HBV DNA detection, quantification, and the presence of cccDNA. Results: Of 90 HBV patients, 58 (64.4%) were positive for HBV DNA in PBMCs. HBV DNA was detected in PBMCs isolated from 13/30 CHB, 20/30 cirrhosis, and 25/30 HCC patients. In addition, 6 (20%) CHB, 13 (43.3%) cirrhosis, and 16 (15.3%) HCC patients were cccDNA positive. The HBV viral loads in serums were statistically higher than the HBV viral loads of PBMCs (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between HBV DNA loads in serums and PBMCs of patients. Moreover, HBV DNA quantity of serums and PBMCs showed a significant association in terms of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status. Conclusions: HBV quantity in PBMCs correlated with serum HBV viral loads. HBV genomes in PBMCs may be a risk factor for HBV disease progression.

scholarly journals Interferon Gamma-Inducible Protein 16 of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells May Sense Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Regulate the Antiviral Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Qing Lu ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Xiang-Ji Wu ◽  
Hui Ma ◽  
Yan-Xiu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hbeag Seroconversion ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inducible Protein

Interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is a DNA sensor protein, which triggers interferon-beta (IFN-β) production. However, the role of IFI16 in the innate immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains controversial. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum specimens were collected from 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving Peg-IFN-α2b therapy. IFI16 mRNA/protein of PBMCs and serum IFI16 at baseline and changes during Peg-IFN-α2b treatment were detected. The interaction between IFI16 and HBV DNA in the PBMCs was analyzed using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Leukemic T cell line CEM-C7 and HBV-replicating HepG2.2.15 cells were used to test the effects of interferon treatment and HBV replication on IFI16 expression. Compared with healthy controls, lower levels of IFI16 mRNA but more significant expression of IFI16 protein with heterogeneous degradation were detected in PBMCs of CHB patients. Early changes in IFI16 mRNA, but not IFNB mRNA of PBMCs or serum IFI16, were correlated to HBeAg seroconversion of Peg-IFN-α2b therapy. An interaction between IFI16 and HBV DNA was detected in the PBMCs. In the cultured HepG2.2.15 and CEM-C7 cells, interferons resulted in the translocalization of IFI16 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and inhibited IFI16 degradation. IFI16 of PBMCs may play a role in sensing HBV infection, and early change in IFI16 mRNA of PBMCs is valuable to predict HBeAg seroconversion in Peg-IFN-α2b treatment. The influences on IFI16 degradation and subcellular location may present a molecular mechanism of antiviral activity of interferon.

scholarly journals Reduced Expression of Human Chemokine Genes RANTES and IP-10 in Hepatitis B Virus Mediated Cirrhosis of Liver

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelli Veena Shravanti ◽  
Rathindra Mohan Mukherjee ◽  
Padaki Nagaraja Rao ◽  
Aparna Jakkampudi ◽  
Panyala balkumar Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Immunocompetent Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus

Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10), both chemokines are chemotactic for immunocompetent cells and play an important role in cell mediated antiviral defense. The objective of this work was to assess the expression pattern of RANTES and IP-10 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients having various disease severity. The study was performed on 79 HBV infected patients grouped into acute, inactive carriers (IC), chronic (CHB), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) plus 41 healthy voluntary blood donors as controls. Quantification of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was done by a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Conventional and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for genotyping and determination of HBV DNA load respectively. RANTES and IP-10 mRNA expressions were evaluated by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and densitometry. Results obtained show that RANTES expression reduced significantly (p<0.0001) in cirrhosis group in comparison to controls and remain unaltered in other disease categories. Reduction in IP-10 expression was significant (p=0.006) in patients of all disease categories than controls which was most evident in cirrhosis group (p<0.0001). No association was found between the expression level of chemokines with HBV genotypes, HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in sera.It could be concluded that reduced expression of both the chemokines might be associated with lesser infiltration of immunocompetent cells to liver to avert further damage in cirrhosis.Serum level of both RANTES and IP-10 can be considered as prognostic marker of liver cirrhosis by validation studies.

scholarly journals Covalently Closed Circular DNA Is the Predominant Form of Duck Hepatitis B Virus DNA That Persists following Transient Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (19) ◽  
pp. 12242-12252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc F. Le Mire ◽  
Darren S. Miller ◽  
Wendy K. Foster ◽  
Christopher J. Burrell ◽  
Allison R. Jilbert
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Duck Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Duck Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT Residual hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA can be detected in serum and liver after apparent recovery from transient infection. However, it is not known if this residual HBV DNA represents ongoing viral replication and antigen expression. In the current study, ducks inoculated with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were monitored for residual DHBV DNA following recovery from transient infection until 9 months postinoculation (p.i.). Resolution of DHBV infection occurred in 13 out of 15 ducks by 1-month p.i., defined as clearance of DHBV surface antigen-positive hepatocytes from the liver and development of anti-DHBV surface antibodies. At 9 months p.i., residual DHBV DNA was detected using nested PCR in 10/11 liver, 7/11 spleen, 2/11 kidney, 1/11 heart, and 1/11 adrenal samples. Residual DHBV DNA was not detected in serum or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Within the liver, levels of residual DHBV DNA were 0.0024 to 0.016 copies per cell, 40 to 80% of which were identified as covalently closed circular viral DNA by quantitative PCR assay. This result, which was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization, is consistent with suppressed viral replication or inactive infection. Samples of liver and spleen cells from recovered animals did not transmit DHBV infection when inoculated into 1- to 2-day-old ducklings, and immunosuppressive treatment of ducks with cyclosporine and dexamethasone for 4 weeks did not alter levels of residual DHBV DNA in the liver. These findings further characterize a second form of hepadnavirus persistence in a suppressed or inactive state, quite distinct from the classical chronic carrier state.

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