peripheral blood mononuclear cells
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Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Caterina Selina Mildner ◽  
Dragan Copic ◽  
Matthias Zimmermann ◽  
Michael Lichtenauer ◽  
Martin Direder ◽  
...  

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a result of cardiac non-perfusion and leads to cardiomyocyte necrosis, inflammation, and compromised cardiac performance. Here, we showed that the secretome of γ-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCsec) improved heart function in a porcine AMI model and displayed beneficial long- and short-term effects. As an AMI is known to strongly affect gene regulation of the ischemia non-affected heart muscle and distal organs, we employed a transcriptomics approach to further study the immediate molecular events orchestrated using the PBMCsec in myocardium, liver, and spleen 24 h post ischemia. In the infarcted area, the PBMCsec mainly induced genes that were essential for cardiomyocyte function and simultaneously downregulated pro-inflammatory genes. Interestingly, genes associated with pro-inflammatory processes were activated in the transition zone, while being downregulated in the remote zone. In the liver, we observed a pronounced inhibition of immune responses using the PBMCsec, while genes involved in urea and tricarboxylic cycles were induced. The spleen displayed elevated lipid metabolism and reduced immunological processes. Together, our study suggested several types of pharmacodynamics by which the PBMCsec conferred immediate cardioprotection. Furthermore, our data supported the assumption that an AMI significantly affects distal organs, suggesting that a holistic treatment of an AMI, as achieved by PBMCsec, might be highly beneficial.


Author(s):  
Spencer C. Cushen ◽  
Contessa A. Ricci ◽  
Jessica L. Bradshaw ◽  
Talisa Silzer ◽  
Alexandra Blessing ◽  
...  

Background Circulating cell‐free mitochondrial DNA (ccf‐mtDNA) is a damage‐associated molecular pattern that reflects cell stress responses and tissue damage, but little is known about ccf‐mtDNA in preeclampsia. The main objectives of this study were to determine (1) absolute concentrations of ccf‐mtDNA in plasma and mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and (2) forms of ccf‐mtDNA transport in blood from women with preeclampsia and healthy controls. In addition, we sought to establish the association between aberrance in circulating DNA‐related metrics, including ccf‐mtDNA and DNA clearance mechanisms, and the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia using bootstrapped penalized logistic regression. Methods and Results Absolute concentrations of ccf‐mtDNA were reduced in plasma from women with preeclampsia compared with healthy controls ( P ≤0.02), while mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not differ between groups ( P >0.05). While the pattern of reduced ccf‐mtDNA in patients with preeclampsia remained, DNA isolation from plasma using membrane lysis buffer resulted in 1000‐fold higher ccf‐mtDNA concentrations in the preeclampsia group ( P =0.0014) and 430‐fold higher ccf‐mtDNA concentrations in the control group ( P <0.0001). Plasma from women with preeclampsia did not induce greater Toll‐like receptor‐9–induced nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells‐dependent responses in human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing the human TLR‐9 gene ( P >0.05). Penalized regression analysis showed that women with preeclampsia were more likely to have lower concentrations of ccf‐mtDNA as well as higher concentrations of nuclear DNA and DNase I compared with their matched controls. Conclusions Women with preeclampsia have aberrant circulating DNA dynamics, including reduced ccf‐mtDNA concentrations and DNA clearance mechanisms, compared with gestational age–matched healthy pregnant women.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha D. O. Roberson ◽  
Rosana A. Mesa ◽  
Gabrielle A. Morgan ◽  
Li Cao ◽  
Wilfredo Marin ◽  
...  

AbstractIn juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), the most common pediatric inflammatory myopathy, weakness is accompanied by a characteristic rash that often becomes chronic and is associated with vascular damage. We hoped to understand the molecular underpinnings of JDM, particularly when untreated, which would facilitate the identification of novel mechanisms and clinical targets that might disrupt disease progression. We studied the RNA-Seq data from untreated JDM peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; n = 11), PBMCs from a subset of the same patients when clinically inactive (n = 8/11), and separate samples of untreated JDM skin and muscle (n = 4 each). All JDM samples were compared to non-inflammatory control tissues. The untreated JDM PBMCs showed a strong signature for type1 interferon response, along with IL-1, IL-10, and NF-κB. Surprisingly, PBMCs from clinically inactive JDM individuals had persistent immune activation that was enriched for IL-1 signaling. JDM skin and muscle both showed evidence for type 1 interferon activation and genes related to antigen presentation and decreased expression of cellular respiration genes. Additionally, we found that PBMC gene expression correlates with disease activity scores (DAS; skin, muscle, and total domains) and with nailfold capillary end row loop number (an indicator of microvascular damage). This included otoferlin, which was significantly increased in untreated JDM PBMCs and correlated with all 3 DAS domains. Overall, these data demonstrate that PBMC transcriptomes are informative of molecular disruptions in JDM and provide transcriptional evidence of chronic inflammation despite clinical quiescence.


Antioxidants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn van Gorkom ◽  
Birgit Gijsbers ◽  
Erik-Jan Ververs ◽  
Ahmed El Molla ◽  
Cindy Sarodnik ◽  
...  

Given the growing interest in ascorbic acid (AA), there is a need for a reliable and reproducible method to measure AA status in the human body. Serum AA concentrations do not correlate well with tissue levels, but AA levels in leukocytes do. However, a standard method for clinical application is lacking. This present study describes a method to measure AA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). The method can also be used in plasma and other leukocyte subsets. The measurements of AA in PBMCs and plasma were performed with HPLC with HILIC separation and UV detection. The sample preparation involved the isolation of PBMCs and lysis and precipitation with acetonitrile. European Medicine Agency guidelines for bioanalytic method validation were followed for the evaluation. A highly precise execution of the method was found with intra- and inter-assay variations at a maximum of 7.8%. In 40 healthy donors, a mean intracellular AA concentration of 7.9 microgram/108 cells was found in PBMCs. A correlation between plasma and PBMC AA concentration was not present (r = 0.22). In conclusion, we developed a convenient, reliable, and reproducible method for the quantitative determination of AA within PBMCs and plasma from human blood.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-rong Han ◽  
Lai-jian Cen ◽  
Cui-xia Pan ◽  
Zhen-hong Lin ◽  
Hui-min Li ◽  
...  

Aim: Whether accelerated aging, reflected by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, is implicated in bronchiectasis remains largely unknown. We sought to determine the patterns of SIRT1 and other aging markers in systemic circulation and airways and their expression levels associated with bronchiectasis severity and exacerbation.Methods: We enrolled 132 patients with bronchiectasis and 50 healthy subjects in a prospective cohort study to profile aging markers in systemic circulation and recruited 36 patients with bronchiectasis and 32 disease controls (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or tumors) in a cross-sectional study to profile aging markers in bronchial epithelium of both large-to-medium and small airways. We profiled aging marker expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enumerated the positively stained cells for detection of aging marker expression in bronchial epithelium.Results: Compared with healthy controls, the relative telomere length (median: 0.88 vs. 0.99, p = 0.009), SIRT1 (median: 0.89 vs. 0.99, p = 0.002), and Ku80 (median: 0.87 vs. 0.96, p &lt; 0.001) expression levels were consistently lower in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells among patients with bronchiectasis and modestly discriminated patients with bronchiectasis from healthy controls. No remarkable changes in SIRT1, telomere length, or Ku70 were identified at onset of exacerbation. Within the bronchial epithelium, the percentage of positively stained cells was lower for SIRT1 (median: 25.1 vs. 57.2%, p &lt; 0.05) and numerically lower for p16 (median: 40.0 vs. 45.1%) and p21 (median: 28.9 vs. 35.9%) in patients with bronchiectasis than in disease controls (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: SIRT1 was downregulated in systemic circulation and bronchiectatic airways, which was independent of disease severity and lung function impairment.


2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Yong Hong ◽  
Hee Jin Cho ◽  
Jason K. Sa ◽  
Xiaoqiao Liu ◽  
Sang Yun Ha ◽  
...  

Abstract Background A limited number of studies have characterized genomic properties of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Methods Herein, we performed comprehensive molecular characterization of immediate (D-42 to D-1) pre-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from 60 patients with sorafenib-failed HCC in a single-arm prospective phase II trial of pembrolizumab. Objective response rate was the primary efficacy endpoint. We used whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and correlative analysis. In addition, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results The overall response rate of pembrolizumab in sorafenib-failed HCC patients was 10% ([6/60] 95% CI, 2.4–17.6). In a univariate analysis using clinicopathological features, female gender, PD-L1 positivity, and low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were identified as contributing factors to pembrolizumab response. Somatic mutations in CTNNB1 and genomic amplifications in MET were found only in non-responders. Transcriptional profiles through RNA sequencing identified that pembrolizumab responders demonstrated T cell receptor (TCR) signaling activation with expressions of MHC genes, indicating increased levels of T cell cytotoxicity. In single-cell sequencing from 10 pre- and post-treatment peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), patients who achieved a partial response or stable disease exhibited immunological shifts toward cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Conversely, patients with progressive disease showed an increased number of both CD14+ and CD16+ monocytes and activation of neutrophil-associated pathways. Conclusions Taken together, HCC patients with infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, along with increased active circulating CD8+ T cells during pembrolizumab treatment and down-regulation of neutrophil-associated markers, significantly benefited from pembrolizumab treatment. Trial registration NCT#03163992 (first posted: May 23, 2017)


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aritania Sousa Santos ◽  
Edécio Cunha-Neto ◽  
Nelson Vinicius Gonfinetti ◽  
Fernanda Bernardi Bertonha ◽  
Pauline Brochet ◽  
...  

BackgroundChanges in innate and adaptive immunity occurring in/around pancreatic islets had been observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Caucasian T1D patients by some, but not all researchers. The aim of our study was to investigate whether gene expression patterns of PBMC of the highly admixed Brazilian population could add knowledge about T1D pathogenic mechanisms.MethodsWe assessed global gene expression in PBMC from two groups matched for age, sex and BMI: 20 patients with recent-onset T1D (≤ 6 months from diagnosis, in a time when the autoimmune process is still highly active), testing positive for one or more islet autoantibodies and 20 islet autoantibody-negative healthy controls.ResultsWe identified 474 differentially expressed genes between groups. The most expressed genes in T1D group favored host defense, inflammatory and anti-bacterial/antiviral effects (LFT, DEFA4, DEFA1, CTSG, KCNMA1) and cell cycle progression. Several of the downregulated genes in T1D target cellular repair, control of inflammation and immune tolerance. They were related to T helper 2 pathway, induction of FOXP3 expression (AREG) and immune tolerance (SMAD6). SMAD6 expression correlated negatively with islet ZnT8 antibody. The expression of PDE12, that offers resistance to viral pathogens was decreased and negatively related to ZnT8A and GADA levels. The increased expression of long non coding RNAs MALAT1 and NEAT1, related to inflammatory mediators, autoimmune diseases and innate immune response against viral infections reinforced these dataConclusionsOur analysis suggested the activation of cell development, anti-infectious and inflammatory pathways, indicating immune activation, whereas immune-regulatory pathways were downregulated in PBMC from recent-onset T1D patients with a differential genetic profile.


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