scholarly journals Aspergillus alabamensis, a New Clinically Relevant Species in the Section Terrei

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Arunmozhi Balajee ◽  
John W. Baddley ◽  
Stephen W. Peterson ◽  
David Nickle ◽  
János Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Β Tubulin

ABSTRACT Phylogenetic analyses of sequences generated from portions of three genes coding for the proteins enolase (enoA), β-tubulin (benA), and calmodulin (calM) of a large number of isolates within the section Terrei, genus Aspergillus, revealed the presence of a new cryptic species within this section, Aspergillus alabamensis. Most members of this new cryptic species were recovered as colonizing isolates from immunocompetent patient populations, had decreased in vitro susceptibilities to the antifungal drug amphotericin B, and were morphologically similar to but genetically distinct from Aspergillus terreus isolates.

scholarly journals Comparison of In Vitro Activity of Liposomal Nystatin againstAspergillus Species with Those of Nystatin, Amphotericin B (AB) Deoxycholate, AB Colloidal Dispersion, Liposomal AB, AB Lipid Complex, and Itraconazole

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1264-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Oakley ◽  
Caroline B. Moore ◽  
David W. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Colloidal Dispersion ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Lipid Complex

ABSTRACT We compared the in vitro activity of liposomal nystatin (Nyotran) with those of other antifungal agents against 60Aspergillus isolates. Twelve isolates were itraconazole resistant. For all isolates, geometric mean (GM) MICs (micrograms per milliliter) were 2.30 for liposomal nystatin, 0.58 for itraconazole, 0.86 for amphotericin B (AB) deoxycholate, 9.51 for nystatin, 2.07 for liposomal AB, 2.57 for AB lipid complex, and 0.86 for AB colloidal dispersion. Aspergillus terreus (GM, 8.72 μg/ml; range, 8 to 16 μg/ml) was significantly less susceptible to all of the polyene drugs than all other species (P = 0.0001).

scholarly journals In Vitro Amphotericin B Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus terreus, with a Head-to-Head Comparison to Voriconazole

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2343-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna A. Sutton ◽  
Stephen E. Sanche ◽  
Sanjay G. Revankar ◽  
Annette W. Fothergill ◽  
Michael G. Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
National Committee ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Disseminated Disease

Amphotericin B therapy continues to be the “gold standard” in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in the immunocompromised host. Although Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus constitute the major species, several reports have described invasive pulmonary or disseminated disease due to the less common Aspergillus terreus and dismal clinical outcomes with high-dose amphotericin B. We therefore evaluated 101 clinical isolates of A. terreus for their susceptibility to amphotericin B and the investigational triazole voriconazole by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A method modified for mould testing. Forty-eight-hour MICs indicated 98 and 0% resistance to amphotericin B and voriconazole, respectively. We conclude that A. terreus should be added to the list of etiologic agents refractory to conventional amphotericin B therapy and suggest the potential clinical utility of voriconazole in aspergillosis due to this species.

scholarly journals Prosthetic finger joint infection due to Aspergillus terreus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Kobayashi ◽  
Ericka Lawler ◽  
Hasan Samra ◽  
Bradley Ford ◽  
Poorani Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Finger Joint ◽  
Surgical Debridement ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Soil Exposure ◽  
Prosthetic Finger ◽  
Significant Mortality

Abstract Fungal periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are rare but associated with significant mortality. We report a case of a finger PJI secondary to Aspergillus terreus in an immunocompetent patient with soil exposure, successfully treated with surgical debridement and voriconazole. Identification of A. terreus is important because of intrinsic amphotericin B resistance.

scholarly journals In VitroCombination of Isavuconazole with Micafungin or Amphotericin B Deoxycholate against Medically Important Molds

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 6934-6937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aspasia Katragkou ◽  
Matthew McCarthy ◽  
Joseph Meletiadis ◽  
Vidmantas Petraitis ◽  
Patriss W. Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Amphotericin B Deoxycholate ◽  
Combination Studies

ABSTRACTWhether isavuconazole, an extended-spectrum triazole, possesses synergistic activity in combination therapy with echinocandins or amphotericin B for the treatment of invasive molds infections has not been studied. Ourin vitrocombination studies showed that isavuconazole and micafungin are synergistically active againstAspergillus fumigatus,Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus terreus, andCunninghamella bertholletiae. These results suggest that isavuconazole, in combination with micafungin, may have a role in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Antifungal Susceptibility Profile and the Production of Virulence-Related Hydrolytic Enzymes in Brazilian Clinical Strains ofCandida glabrata

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Galdino Figueiredo-Carvalho ◽  
Lívia de Souza Ramos ◽  
Leonardo Silva Barbedo ◽  
Jean Carlos Almeida de Oliveira ◽  
André Luis Souza dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Esterase Production ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

Candida glabratais a facultative intracellular opportunistic fungal pathogen in human infections. Several virulence-associated attributes are involved in its pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, modulation of host immune defenses, and regulation of antifungal drug resistance. This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile to five antifungal agents, the production of seven hydrolytic enzymes related to virulence, and the relationship between these phenotypes in 91 clinical strains ofC. glabrata. AllC. glabratastrains were susceptible to flucytosine. However, some of these strains showed resistance to amphotericin B (9.9%), fluconazole (15.4%), itraconazole (5.5%), or micafungin (15.4%). Overall,C. glabratastrains were good producers of catalase, aspartic protease, esterase, phytase, and hemolysin. However, caseinase and phospholipase in vitro activities were not detected. Statistically significant correlations were identified between micafungin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and esterase production, between fluconazole and micafungin MIC and hemolytic activity, and between amphotericin B MIC and phytase production. These results contribute to clarify some of theC. glabratamechanisms of pathogenicity. Moreover, the association between some virulence attributes and the regulation of antifungal resistance encourage the development of new therapeutic strategies involving virulence mechanisms as potential targets for effective antifungal drug development for the treatment ofC. glabratainfections.

scholarly journals Trends in Antifungal Drug Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates in the United States: 1992 to 1994 and 1996 to 1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 3065-3069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Brandt ◽  
Michael A. Pfaller ◽  
Rana A. Hajjeh ◽  
Richard J. Hamill ◽  
Peter G. Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT The antifungal drug susceptibilities of two collections ofCryptococcus neoformans isolates obtained through active laboratory-based surveillance from 1992 to 1994 (368 isolates) and 1996 to 1998 (364 isolates) were determined. The MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, and flucytosine were determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution method; amphotericin B MICs were determined by the E-test. Our results showed that the MIC ranges, the MICs at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50s), and the MIC90s of these four antifungal agents did not change from 1992 to 1998. In addition, very small numbers of isolates showed elevated MICs suggestive of in vitro resistance. The MICs of amphotericin B were elevated (≥2 μg/ml) for 2 isolates, and the MICs of flucytosine were elevated (≥32 μg/ml) for 14 isolates. Among the azoles, the fluconazole MIC was elevated (≥64 μg/ml) for 8 isolates and the itraconazole MIC (≥1 μg/ml) was elevated for 45 isolates. Analysis of 172 serial isolates from 71 patients showed little change in the fluconazole MIC over time. For isolates from 58 patients (82% of serial cases) there was either no change or a twofold change in the fluconazole MIC. In contrast, for isolates from seven patients (12% of serial cases) the increase in the MIC was at least fourfold. For isolates from another patient there was a 32-fold decrease in the fluconazole MIC over a 1-month period. We conclude that in vitro resistance to antifungal agents remains uncommon in C. neoformans and has not significantly changed with time during the past decade.

scholarly journals New Insight into Amphotericin B Resistance in Aspergillus terreus

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1583-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Blum ◽  
Caroline Hörtnagl ◽  
Emina Jukic ◽  
Thomas Erbeznik ◽  
Thomas Pümpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ergosterol Content ◽  
Disseminated Aspergillosis ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACTAmphotericin B (AMB) is the predominant antifungal drug, but the mechanism of resistance is not well understood. We compared thein vivovirulence of an AMB-resistantAspergillus terreus(ATR) isolate with that of an AMB-susceptibleA. terreusisolate (ATS) using a murine model for disseminated aspergillosis. Furthermore, we analyzed the molecular basis of intrinsic AMB resistancein vitroby comparing the ergosterol content, cell-associated AMB levels, AMB-induced intracellular efflux, and prooxidant effects between ATR and ATS. Infection of immunosuppressed mice with ATS or ATR showed that the ATS strain was more lethal than the ATR strain. However, AMB treatment improved the outcome in ATS-infected mice while having no positive effect on the animals infected with ATR. Thein vitrodata demonstrated that ergosterol content is not the molecular basis for AMB resistance. ATR absorbed less AMB, discharged more intracellular compounds, and had better protection against oxidative damage than the susceptible strain. Our experiments showed that ergosterol content plays a minor role in intrinsic AMB resistance and is not directly associated with intracellular cell-associated AMB content. AMB might exert its antifungal activity by oxidative injury rather than by an increase in membrane permeation.

In vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B and 11 comparators against Aspergillus terreus species complex

Mycoses ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsane Vaezi ◽  
Hamed Fakhim ◽  
Amir Arastehfar ◽  
Tahereh Shokohi ◽  
Mohammad T. Hedayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals Candida tropicalis Antifungal Cross-Resistance Is Related to Different Azole Target (Erg11p) Modifications

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 4769-4781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Forastiero ◽  
A. C. Mesa-Arango ◽  
A. Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
L. Alcazar-Fuoli ◽  
L. Bernal-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance

ABSTRACTCandida tropicalisranks between third and fourth amongCandidaspecies most commonly isolated from clinical specimens. Invasive candidiasis and candidemia are treated with amphotericin B or echinocandins as first-line therapy, with extended-spectrum triazoles as acceptable alternatives.Candida tropicalisis usually susceptible to all antifungal agents, although several azole drug-resistant clinical isolates are being reported. However,C. tropicalisresistant to amphotericin B is uncommon, and only a few strains have reliably demonstrated a high level of resistance to this agent. The resistance mechanisms operating inC. tropicalisstrains isolated from clinical samples showing resistance to azole drugs alone or with amphotericin B cross-resistance were elucidated. Antifungal drug resistance was related to mutations of the azole target (Erg11p) with or without alterations of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The antifungal drug resistance shownin vitrocorrelated very well with the results obtainedin vivousing the model hostGalleria mellonella. Using this panel of strains, theG. mellonellamodel system was validated as a simple, nonmammalian minihost model that can be used to studyin vitro-in vivocorrelation of antifungals inC. tropicalis. The development inC. tropicalisof antifungal drug resistance with different mechanisms during antifungal treatment has potential clinical impact and deserves specific prospective studies.

scholarly journals Oral Candidiasis among Cancer Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai, South India: An Evaluation of Clinicomycological Association and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abirami Lakshmy Jayachandran ◽  
Radhika Katragadda ◽  
Ravinder Thyagarajan ◽  
Leela Vajravelu ◽  
Suganthi Manikesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the common manifestations seen in cancer patients on cytotoxic therapy and invasion into deeper tissues can occur if not treated promptly. Emergence of antifungal drug resistance is of serious concern owing to the associated morbidity and mortality. The present study aims at evaluation of clinicomycological association and antifungal drug susceptibility among the 180 recruited patients with cancer on chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with signs or symptoms suggestive of oral candidiasis. Speciation and antifungal susceptibility was done by Microbroth dilution method for fluconazole, Itraconazole, and Amphotericin B as per standard microbiological techniques. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis (p<0.05was considered statistically significant).Candida albicanswas the predominant species isolated (94) (58%) followed byCandida tropicalis(34) (20.9%). Fluconazole and Itraconazole showed an overall resistance rate of 14% and 14.8%, respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to Amphotericin B. There was a significant association between the presence of dry mouth and isolation ofCandida(p<0.001). Such clinicomicrobiological associations can help in associating certain symptoms with the isolation ofCandida. Species level identification with in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern is essential to choose the appropriate drug and to predict the outcome of therapy.

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