Respiratory Diseases in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice II. Decreased Virulence of PR8 Influenza Virus

Abstract Background: A highly contagious respiratory disease in canines is infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough characterized by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The cause of kennel cough has been associated with multiple or complex agents such as canine adeno virus (CAV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine para influenzavirus (CPIV). Objective: Study the prevalence of canine respiratory viruses detected from in Thailand during 2008-2009. Methods: Nasal swab samples collected from 102 healthy dogs and 109 dogs with respiratory diseases. Then CAV, CIV, CDV, and CPIV were detected by in-house nested PCR and further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Results: Nested PCR showed that primers designed and used in this study yielded high specificity without any non-specific amplification. The prevalence of CAV, CIV, CDV and CPIV in healthy dogs was 0%, 2.94%, 2.94%, and 0.98%, whereas that found in dogs with respiratory diseases was 9.17%, 1.83%, 2.75%, and 11.93%, respectively. In healthy dogs, co-infection with CPIV + CDV was detected in only 0.98%. On the other hand, dogs with respiratory symptoms showed multiple infections with CAV + CIV in 1.83%, CIV + CPIV in 0.92%, CAV + CPIV in 1.83%, and CAV + CDV + CPIV in 0.92%. Conclusion: The prevalence data obtained from this study may be useful for outbreak preventions and to raise awareness of potential transmission of the newly emerged canine influenza virus to humans.

Download Full-text

Detection and Isolation of Airborne Influenza A H3N2 Virus Using a Sioutas Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler

Influenza Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2013/656825 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

John A. Lednicky ◽

Julia C. Loeb

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Influenza A ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Cascade Impactor ◽

H3n2 Virus ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Different Types ◽

Ultrafine Aerosol ◽

Influenza H3n2

The air we breathe contains microorganisms that can cause infectious respiratory diseases. After two occupants of an apartment were diagnosed with influenza in February of 2013, efforts were made to detect and isolate airborne influenza virus using two different types of active air samplers: a Sioutas Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler (PCIS) and an SKC BioSampler. The PCIS collects size-fractionated particles by impaction on polytetrafluoroethylene filters, whereas the SKC BioSampler collects airborne particles in liquid media. Influenza H3N2 virus was collected by both types of air samplers. The PCIS collected a range of particle sizes containing influenza virus near one of the sick individuals but only ultrafine particles when the samplers were positioned farther away. Viable virus was present in the liquid collection media of the SKC BioSampler and some PCIS filters. These findings suggest that influenza patients produce ultrafine aerosol particles that contain viable virus.

Download Full-text

Nasal mucus and influenza viruses. II. A new test for the presumptive diagnosis of influenza infection

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0022172400019768 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 491-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Fazekas De St Groth

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Acute Stage ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Presumptive Diagnosis ◽

Nasal Mucus ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity

Changes in the inhibitory properties of human nasal mucus were found to be positively correlated with objective signs of influenza virus infection during the 1950 epidemic. In approximately 80% of the cases the inhibitor index was significantly increased during the acute stage of the disease, and reverted to normal during convalescence.Various respiratory diseases other than epidemic influenza did not cause similar changes.Examination of the inhibitory pattern of nasal mucus is proposed as a presumptive test for influenza virus infection, and its merits are discussed under the headings of reproducibility, specificity and sensitivity.

Download Full-text

Cross-sectional study of seropositivity, lung lesions and associated risk factors of the main pathogens of Porcine Respiratory Diseases Complex (PRDC) in Goiás, Brazil

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-019-0130-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José Vanderlei Burim Galdeano ◽

Thaís Gasparini Baraldi ◽

Maria Eugênia Silveira Ferraz ◽

Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida ◽

Marina Lopes Mechler-Dreibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

High Occurrence ◽

Porcine Respiratory

Abstract Background The objective of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and severity of Porcine Respiratory Diseases Complex (PRDC) pathogens in the Goiás State, Brazil. Were assessed the serological antibodies occurrency of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and swine influenza virus (SIV), as well as the evaluation of pulmonary Mycoplasma-like lung lesions, pleuritis, histopathological lesions and diseases occurrence associated with risk factors, such as management, housing and productive indexes. We conveniently selected 2536 animals for serology testing, and 900 lungs at slaughtering of animals from 30 multisite herds in Goiás State, Brazil. Results For M. hyopneumoniae, all herds presented seropositive animals at some stage of production. Even though most herds (29/30) vaccinated against this pathogen, 90.0% (27/30) of the herds presented at least 50.0% of seropositive animals in finishing and slaughter. Overall, antibodies against A. pleuropneumoniae were present in lower occurrence, varying from 22.4% of the animals in the nursery phase to 1.3% of the animals at slaughter. Conversely, SIV circulated in most herds, with 29 seropositive herds without vaccination. The occurrence of anti-SIV antibodies was higher at slaughter (74.5% of the animals) than nursery (41.8% of the animals), and at slaughter, 23 herds (76.7%) presented at least 50.0% of seropositive animals. All herds presented animals with pulmonary Mycoplasma-like lung lesions, and of the 900 lungs evaluated in the slaughterhouse, 665 (73.9%) presented an average Mycoplasma-like lung lesions of 7.3%. Evaluations of the pneumonia index (PI) showed that 73.3% of the herds were strongly affected by a pathology that manifested itself in different presentation forms. Microscopically, there was a predominance of bronchopneumonia lesions (74.6% of affected lungs), with a high occurrence of the chronic form (57.1%), and there was a moderate to marked proliferation of bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in 64.1% of the affected lungs. Pleuritis were observed in 13.5% of the animals. Conclusion Serological tests evidenced that antibodies against App and SIV were present in the Goiás State herds, and high occurrence of M. hyopneumoniae antibodies in finishing phases and slaughter may be influenced by pathogen circulation in vaccinated herds, leading to respiratory lesions at slaughter. Additionally, swine influenza virus was broadly disseminated in technified herds in Goiás State.

Download Full-text

SARS-CoV-2 related HIV, HBV, RSV, VZV, Enteric viruses, Influenza, DENV, S. aureus and TB co-infections

Archives of Pathology and Clinical Research ◽

10.29328/journal.apcr.1001025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 026-033

Author(s):

Azhar Ammara ◽

Saeed Umar ◽

Piracha Zahra Zahid ◽

Amjad Areesha ◽

Ahmed Aftab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Metabolic Process ◽

Limited Resources ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

Ns1 Antigen ◽

Mode Of Transmission ◽

Entire World ◽

Antibody Tests

SARS-CoV-2 a virulent disease that established the entire wide world due to its severity. Its 1st case was rumored in Wuhan, China within the year 2019 and it had been the beginning of this pandemic. This virus killed virtually a complete of 4,465,683 folks round the globe until date. Despite the fact that viral co-infections have the ability to alter the host’s illness pattern, few research have looked at the disease outcomes in patients who are infected with HIV and hCoVs. Despite the fact that HIV-positive people can be infected with hCoVs, researchers are now revealing that their chances of acquiring serious CoV-related disorders are typically similar to what is seen in the general population. The relation between SARS-CoV-2 and HBV was summarized rather HBV effects the severity of COVID patient or not. SARS-CoV-2 could be a severe acute metabolic process syndrome. Scientists found ways in which to treat this virus, some were useful and alternative weren’t that a lot of effective. Immunizing agent was one among the most important considerations for the entire world. This virus conjointly fashioned an entry for alternative co-infections too. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, both causes respiratory diseases which confer as an extensive array of illness from asymptomatic or benign to critical disease and death. Also the mode of transmission and symptoms of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are same. Viral and bacterial rate is higher in SARS-CoV-2 negative patient but are comparable. Serologies facts confirmed that patients with effective results for dengue virus (DENV) NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM were also attentive to COVID-19 speedy antibody tests, suggesting dengue COVID-19 co-infection. Mixed infection of dengue and COVID-19 needs unique interest from all dengue-common nations in Asia, especially the ones with limited resources. To our knowledge, this is the primary showed case of co-infection of dengue and COVID-19 in Indonesia. During patient’s TB course, COVID-19 can occur at any time with worse consequences for the patients who are affected by active pulmonary disease.

Download Full-text

Gut microbiome a promising target for management of respiratory diseases

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bcj20200426 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 477 (14) ◽

pp. 2679-2696

Author(s):

Riddhi Trivedi ◽

Kalyani Barve

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

New Technology ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

The Body ◽

Lung Pathology ◽

Promising Target ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Intestinal Microbial Flora ◽

On Chip

The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut–lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut–lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.

Download Full-text