Nucleotide sequence of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene from Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriophage T12.

ABSTRACTClostridium botulinumtype A strains are known to be genetically diverse and widespread throughout the world. Genetic diversity studies have focused mainly on strains harboring one type A botulinum toxin gene,bont/A1, although all reportedbont/Agene variants have been associated with botulism cases. Our study provides insight into the genetic diversity ofC. botulinumtype A strains, which containbont/A2(n= 42) andbont/A3(n= 4) genes, isolated from diverse samples and geographic origins. Genetic diversity was assessed by usingbontnucleotide sequencing, content analysis of thebontgene clusters, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Sequences ofbontgenes obtained in this study showed 99.9 to 100% identity with otherbont/A2orbont/A3gene sequences available in public databases. The neurotoxin gene clusters of the subtype A2 and A3 strains analyzed in this study were similar in gene content.C. botulinumstrains harboringbont/A2andbont/A3genes were divided into six and two MLST profiles, respectively. Four groups of strains shared a similarity of at least 95% by PFGE; the largest group included 21 out of 46 strains. The strains analyzed in this study showed relatively limited genetic diversity using either MLST or PFGE.

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Pertussis toxin gene: nucleotide sequence and genetic organization

Science ◽

10.1126/science.3704651 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 232 (4755) ◽

pp. 1258-1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 198

Author(s):

C Locht ◽

J. Keith

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Pertussis Toxin ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Genetic Organization ◽

Gene Nucleotide Sequence

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Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in a Zebu cow in Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20141304 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 1476-1479

Author(s):

Prhiscylla Sadanã Pires ◽

Jose Azael Zambrano Uribe ◽

Antônio Último de Carvalho ◽

Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva ◽

Felipe Masiero Salvarani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Type A ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Beta 2 ◽

First Time ◽

Zebu Cow

Clostridium perfringens type A has been incriminated as the etiologic agent in jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (JHS), which is a disease that affects dairy cattle. Although this microorganism is considered an important enteropathogen the pathogenesis of JHS is still not clear, and there have been no reports of its occurrence in Brazil so far. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of JHS by infection with a C. perfringens type A strain carrying the beta-2 toxin gene in a zebu cow in Brazil, for the first time.

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Neurotoxin Gene Clusters in Clostridium botulinum Type Ab Strains

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01009-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (19) ◽

pp. 6094-6101 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Carolina Lúquez ◽

Brian H. Raphael ◽

Susan E. Maslanka

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Botulinum Type ◽

Type Ab

ABSTRACT There is limited knowledge of the neurotoxin gene diversity among Clostridium botulinum type Ab strains. Only the sequences of the bont/A and bont/B genes in C. botulinum type Ab strain CDC1436 and the sequence of the bont/B gene in C. botulinum type Ab strain CDC588 have been reported. In this study, we sequenced the entire bont/A- and bont/B-associated neurotoxin gene clusters of C. botulinum type Ab strain CDC41370 and the bont/A gene of strain CDC588. In addition, we analyzed the organization of the neurotoxin gene clusters in strains CDC588 and CDC1436. The bont/A nucleotide sequence of strain CDC41370 differed from those of the known bont/A subtypes A1 to A4 by 2 to 7%, and the predicted amino acid sequence differed by 4% to 14%. The bont/B nucleotide sequence in strain CDC41370 showed 99.7% identity to the sequence of subtype B1. The bont/A nucleotide sequence of strain CDC588 was 99.9% identical to that of subtype A1. Although all of the C. botulinum type Ab strains analyzed contained the two sets of neurotoxin clusters, similar to what has been found in other bivalent strains, the intergenic spacing of p21-orfX1 and orfX2-orfX3 varied among these strains. The type Ab strains examined in this study had differences in their toxin gene cluster compositions and bont/A and bont /B nucleotide sequences, suggesting that they may have arisen from separate recombination events.

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