Low Genetic Diversity of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Compared to Nonencapsulated H. influenzae in a Population in Which H. influenzaeIs Highly Endemic

Immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate polysaccharide vaccines has dramatically reduced Hib disease worldwide. As in other populations, nasopharyngeal carriage of Hib declined markedly in Aboriginal infants following vaccination, although carriage has not been entirely eliminated. In this study, we describe the genetic characteristics and the carriage dynamics of longitudinal isolates of Hib, characterized by using several typing methods. In addition, carriage rates of nonencapsulated H. influenzae(NCHi) are high, and concurrent colonization with Hib and NCHi is common; we also observed NCHi isolates which were genetically similar to Hib. There is a continuing need to promote Hib immunization and monitor H. influenzae carriage in populations in which the organism is highly endemic, not least because of the possibility of genetic exchange between Hib and NCHi strains in such populations.

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Observations on the nasopharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b in children in Kampala, Uganda

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400028783 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 337-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Y. Mpairwe

Keyword(s):

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Rare Event ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽

Type B ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Kampala City ◽

Large Groups ◽

Outpatient Children

SUMMARYHaemophilus influenzae type b was isolated from 4·5% of outpatient children living in various parts of Kampala city and its surroundings. In contrast, this serotype was carried by up to 53 % (average 29 %) of 14 to 18 children living as a group in an orphanage. This finding indicates that the high carriage rate for this serotype demonstrated by Turk (1963) in a group of orphanage infants in Jamaica was not an isolated finding, and that it may be expected where large groups of children live together.H. influenzae type b did not appear to be a readily transmitted organism even in that group of children with a high carriage rate. This suggests that in ordinary open communities the transmission of this serotype from one household to another may be an extremely rare event.

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Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae Type b: Attempted Eradication by Cefaclor or Rifampin

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.67.3.430 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 430-433

Author(s):

Ram Yogev ◽

Cheryl Melick ◽

Kathy Kabat

Keyword(s):

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Failure Rate ◽

Care Center ◽

Carrier State ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽

Type B ◽

Day Care Center ◽

Index Cases

The efficacy of cefaclor and rifampin in eradicating Haemophilus influenzae type b (HITB) from the nasopharynx of day care center and household contacts of children with HITB meningitis was evaluated. In 38/50 children treated with cefaclor, the carrier state persisted, a failure rate of 76%. Although cefaclor failed to eradicate HITB from many carriers, an appreciable reduction in the intensity of colonization following teatment was noticed. When rifampin was used in 17 children who had failed to respond to cefaclor, persistence of the carrier state with HITB was found in only two children, a failure rate of only 12%. During the study, two episodes of invasive HITB disease were documented to be acquired from sources other than the index cases or from children who were screened, which suggested the need to reevaluate the usually recommended strategy to screen for carriage and to treat only the immediate contacts 6 years of age and younger. Furthermore, the most appropriate agent for eradicating nasopharyngeal carriage of HITB awaits additional studies.

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Limited genetic diversity of Haemophilus influenzae (type b)

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/0882-4010(87)90105-7 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 139-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ian Allan ◽

Marilyn R. Loeb ◽

E.Richard Moxon

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽

Type B ◽

Limited Genetic Diversity

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Haemophilus influenzae Type b in a Day Care Center: Relationship of Nasopharyngeal Carriage to Development of Anticapsular Antibody

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.65.5.1006 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 1006-1006

Author(s):

Dan M. Granoff ◽

Janet Gilsdorf ◽

Charles E. Gessert ◽

Lawrence Lowe

Keyword(s):

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Day Care ◽

Care Center ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽

Type B ◽

Day Care Center ◽

Relationship Of

In the article "Haemophilus influenzae Type b in a Day Care Center: Relationship of Nasopharyngeal Carriage to Development of Anticapsular Antibody" by Granoff et al (Pediatrics 65:65-68, 1980), on p 66 in Table 2 the geometric mean antibody level for adult blood bank donors should read 698 not 459.

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