scholarly journals Isolation of transformation-deficient Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants defective in control of competence, using insertion-duplication mutagenesis with the erythromycin resistance determinant of pAM beta 1.

1984 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Morrison ◽  
M C Trombe ◽  
M K Hayden ◽  
G A Waszak ◽  
J D Chen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Determinant ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance

scholarly journals New Genetic Element Carrying the Erythromycin Resistance Determinant erm(TR) in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Camilli ◽  
Maria Del Grosso ◽  
Francesco Iannelli ◽  
Annalisa Pantosti
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Resistance Determinant ◽  
Type I ◽  
Genetic Element ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Restriction Modification System

ABSTRACT erm(A) subclass erm(TR), a common macrolide resistance determinant in Streptococcus pyogenes but quite rare in Streptococcus pneumoniae, was found in a clinical S. pneumoniae isolate (AP200) from Italy. In this isolate, erm(TR) was found included in a genetic element approximately 56 kb in size that did not appear to be conjugative but could be transferred by transformation. An erm(TR)-containing DNA fragment of approximately 10 kb was sequenced and 12 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. Upstream of erm(TR), a regulatory protein of the TetR family and the two components of an efflux pump of the ABC type were found. Downstream of erm(TR), there were ORFs homologous to a spectinomycin phosphotransferase, transposases, and a relaxase. Since the genomic sequence of S. pyogenes MGAS10750 carrying erm(TR) became available, comparison between the erm(TR)-containing genetic elements in AP200 and in MGAS10750 was performed. The region flanking erm(TR) in MGAS10750 showed identity with AP200 for 10 ORFs out of 12. PCR mapping using primers designed on the sequence of MGAS10750 confirmed that AP200 carries a genetic element similar to that of MGAS10750. In AP200 the genetic element was inserted inside an ORF homologous to spr0790 of S. pneumoniae R6, coding for a type I restriction modification system. Homologies between the insertion sites in AP200 and MGAS10750 consisted of eight conserved nucleotides, of which three were duplicated, likely representing target site duplication. The structure of the erm(TR)-carrying genetic element shows characteristics of a transposon/prophage remnant chimera. In AP200 this genetic element was designated Tn1806.

scholarly journals A Novel Multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serogroup 19 Clone from Washington State Identified by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Restriction Fragment Length Patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki A. Luna ◽  
Daniel B. Jernigan ◽  
Alan Tice ◽  
James D. Kellner ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

In 1997, a cluster of multiresistant invasive serogroup 19 pneumococcus infections, including two fatalities, was reported in Washington State. Further investigation identified other cases. Fourteen Washington Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, four from Alaska, and eight isolates from eastern Canada with reduced penicillin susceptibility (MIC of ≥1 μg/ml) were included in the study. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with ApaI,SacII, and SmaI restriction enzymes and IS1167 and mef restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analysis were performed. Twenty of the 26 isolates had identical or related PFGE patterns, with two or all three enzymes, and identical or related IS1167 RFLP patterns, indicating that they were genetically related. These 20 isolates contained the mef gene conferring erythromycin resistance and had identical mef RFLP patterns. The PFGE and RFLP patterns were distinct from those of six multiresistant clones previously described and suggest that a new multiresistant clone has appeared in Washington, Alaska, and eastern Canada. This newly characterized clone should be included in the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network.

scholarly journals Evolution of erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Italy

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Monaco ◽  
Romina Camilli ◽  
Fabio D'Ambrosio ◽  
Maria Del Grosso ◽  
Annalisa Pantosti
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Asia (an ANSORP Study)

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2101-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hoon Song ◽  
Sook-In Jung ◽  
Kwan Soo Ko ◽  
Na Young Kim ◽  
Jun Seong Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

ABSTRACT A total of 685 clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients with pneumococcal diseases were collected from 14 centers in 11 Asian countries from January 2000 to June 2001. The in vitro susceptibilities of the isolates to 14 antimicrobial agents were determined by the broth microdilution test. Among the isolates tested, 483 (52.4%) were not susceptible to penicillin, 23% were intermediate, and 29.4% were penicillin resistant (MICs ≥ 2 mg/liter). Isolates from Vietnam showed the highest prevalence of penicillin resistance (71.4%), followed by those from Korea (54.8%), Hong Kong (43.2%), and Taiwan (38.6%). The penicillin MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC90s) were 4 mg/liter among isolates from Vietnam, Hong Kong, Korea, and Taiwan. The prevalence of erythromycin resistance was also very high in Vietnam (92.1%), Taiwan (86%), Korea (80.6%), Hong Kong (76.8%), and China (73.9%). The MIC90s of erythromycin were >32 mg/liter among isolates from Korea, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and Hong Kong. Isolates from Hong Kong showed the highest rate of ciprofloxacin resistance (11.8%), followed by isolates from Sri Lanka (9.5%), the Philippines (9.1%), and Korea (6.5%). Multilocus sequence typing showed that the spread of the Taiwan19F clone and the Spain23F clone could be one of the major reasons for the rapid increases in antimicrobial resistance among S. pneumoniae isolates in Asia. Data from the multinational surveillance study clearly documented distinctive increases in the prevalence rates and the levels of antimicrobial resistance among S. pneumoniae isolates in many Asian countries, which are among the highest in the world published to date.

scholarly journals 184. Inducible Clindamycin Resistance Testing on Pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S112-S112
Author(s):  
Liset Olarte ◽  
Douglas S Swanson ◽  
Jennifer E Tabakh ◽  
Dithi Banerjee ◽  
Rangaraj Selvarangan
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Ermb Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background In 2013, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommended inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) testing on macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, which arises due to the ermB gene. Ribosomal methylation by ermB confers resistance to macrolides (high-level resistance), lincosamides and streptogramin B. The goal of our study is to characterize the prevalence of ICR among pediatric pneumococcal isolates. Methods We identified erythromycin-resistant(R) (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥ 1 µg/mL) and clindamycin-susceptible(S) (MIC ≤ 0.25 µg/mL) pneumococcal isolates from pediatric patients seen at Children’s Mercy Hospital from 2007 to 2017. Determination of ICR was achieved via disk approximation (D-zone test) with standard erythromycin (15 µg) and clindamycin (2 µg) disks. Isolates with high-level erythromycin resistance (MIC ≥ 32µg/mL) were also tested for ermB gene by PCR. Positive and negative controls were used for D-zone test and ermB PCR. Results We identified 289 erythromycin-R pneumococcal isolates; of those 194 (67.1%) were clindamycin-S (Figure 1). One-hundred and sixty-nine isolates were available for ICR testing, 166 (98%) isolates represented non-invasive disease samples. Median age of patients with erythromycin-R and clindamycin-S isolates was 19 (range 0.1 – 180) months. None of the isolates expressed ICR based on the D-zone test. Thirteen of those isolates (7.7%) expressed high-level erythromycin-R (MIC range 32-128 µg/mL); all were negative for ermB. The most common serotypes/serogroups among erythromycin-R and clindamycin-S isolates were: 15 (n=22), 35B (n=19), 11 (n=16), 6 (n=16), 19A (n=14) and 33 (n=12). Conclusion Erythromycin-R and clindamycin-S pneumococcal isolates did not express ICR and isolates with high-level erythromycin-R did not carry ermB. Multicenter studies are needed to determine if ICR testing is required for macrolide-resistant pneumococcal isolates in the PCV13 era. Disclosures Liset Olarte, MD, MSc, GSK (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Sanofi (Research Grant or Support) Douglas S. Swanson, MD, Merck (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Sanofi (Research Grant or Support)

scholarly journals Temporal Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonality of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Finland, 2002 to 2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 2066-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Siira ◽  
Merja Rantala ◽  
Jari Jalava ◽  
Antti J. Hakanen ◽  
Pentti Huovinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
North America ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a growing global problem. In our study, 3,571 invasive pneumococcal isolates, recovered from blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients in Finland between the years 2002 and 2006, showed an increase in erythromycin nonsusceptibility from 16% to 28% (P < 0.0001) over the 5-year study period, as well as a doubling of penicillin nonsusceptibility from 8% to 16% (P < 0.0001). Erythromycin nonsusceptibility increased especially in isolates derived from 0- to 2-year-old children and was 46% for this age group in 2006. Although multiresistance, defined as nonsusceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, was fairly rare (5.1% in 2006), 38% of the erythromycin-nonsusceptible isolates were also penicillin nonsusceptible, while 74% of the penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates were nonsusceptible to erythromycin. In contrast to the situation in continental Europe, but mirroring that in North America, the most frequent macrolide resistance determinant carried by 56% of the tested macrolide-resistant pneumococci was the mef gene. Serotypes 14, 9V, 19A, 6B, and 19F were most frequently nonsusceptible to erythromycin or penicillin. The penicillin-resistant invasive isolates (n = 88) were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing, which revealed the presence of 25 sequence types, 9 of which were novel. The majority of the isolates were related to one of several globally disseminated penicillin- or multiresistant clones, most importantly the rlrA adhesion pilus carrying clones Spain9V ST156 and Taiwan19F ST236. The penicillin-resistant pneumococcal population in Finland is therefore a combination of internationally recognized genotypes as well as novel ones.

scholarly journals Patterns of Macrolide Resistance Determinants among Community-Acquired Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates over a 5-Year Period of Decreased Macrolide Susceptibility Rates

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2510-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Oster ◽  
Alessandra Zanchi ◽  
Stefania Cresti ◽  
Maria Lattanzi ◽  
Francesca Montagnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT Erythromycin resistance rates were found to be increased, from 7.1 in 1993 to 32.8% in 1997, among community-acquired Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from the Siena area of central Italy. Most of the erythromycin-resistant isolates carried ermAMdeterminants and were also resistant to josamycin and clindamycin, whereas a minority (5.8%) carried mefA determinants and remained susceptible to the latter drugs.

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