Production of influenza virus complement-fixing antibody in mouse ascitic fluid

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
L A White ◽  
W C Gamble ◽  
W A Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Immune Mouse ◽  
Cross Reactions

Suspension cultures of BHK-21/13s cells infected with either A/Hong Kong/8/68 or B/Massachusetts/3/66 strains of influenza were used to prepare type-specific influenza ribonucleoprotein-immunizing antigens. These antigens were used in comparing four immunization schedules in the production of immune mouse ascitic fluids. Large volumes of ascitic fluids were obtained by these schedules. These fluids contained type-specific complement-fixing antibody and were devoid of nonspecific host tissue or heterologous cross-reactions.

scholarly journals Immunity to influenza in ferrets

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. McLaren ◽  
C. W. Potter ◽  
R. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
Cross Reactions

SummaryThe degree of immunity due to cross-reactions between antibody to influenza virus A/Hong Kong/1/68 and A/England/42/72 was studied in ferrets. Ferrets were immunized with the viruses by either live infection or by inoculation with inactivated virus vaccines. The vaccines were given with Freund's incomplete adjuvant or were given to ferrets previously infected with influenza virus A/PR/8/34. As a result of these immunizations the animals all produced similar titres of serum HI antibody to the immunizing virus, although the degree of crossreaction with the other virus strain was variable. After immunization the animals were challenged by infection with an A/Eng/42/72-like virus and their degree of immunity was measured. It was found that the greatest immunity was in ferrets previously infected with the homologous A/Eng/42/72 virus. Animals previously infected with A/HK/68 virus also showed a measurable degree of immunity to A/Eng/42/72 infection, and this was greater than that found in animals given inactivated virus vaccines. The immunity produced by the vaccines was approximately equal, regardless of which vaccine or method of immunization was used. Thus, live infection produced a more effective, broader immunity than did the use of inactivated virus vaccines.

scholarly journals The follow-up study of swine and Hong Kong influenza virus infection among Japanese hogs.

1982 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIRO ARIKAWA ◽  
NOBUHISA YAMANE ◽  
KIYOSHI TOTSUKAWA ◽  
NAKAO ISHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals The efficacy of live and inactivated vaccines of Hong Kong influenza virus in an industrial community: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hobson ◽  
F. A. Baker ◽  
R. L. Curry ◽  
A. S. Beare ◽  
P. M. O. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Intranasal vaccines of inactivated or living attentuated A2/Hong Kong influenza viruses were compared for clinical acceptability, serological effects and protective efficiency against natural epidemic influenza in a large industrial and clerical population.

scholarly journals Incidence of Influenza Virus Infections in Children in Hong Kong in a 3-Year Randomized Placebo-Controlled Vaccine Study, 2009-2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Cowling ◽  
R. A. P. M. Perera ◽  
V. J. Fang ◽  
K.-H. Chan ◽  
W. Wai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Vaccine Study

scholarly journals In Vivo Influenza Virus-Inhibitory Effects of the Cyclopentane Neuraminidase Inhibitor RWJ-270201

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sidwell ◽  
Donald F. Smee ◽  
John H. Huffman ◽  
Dale L. Barnard ◽  
Kevin W. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Neuraminidase Inhibitor ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Lung Consolidation

ABSTRACT The cyclopentane influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor RWJ-270201 was evaluated against influenza A/NWS/33 (H1N1), A/Shangdong/09/93 (H3N2), A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), and B/Hong Kong/05/72 virus infections in mice. Treatment was by oral gavage twice daily for 5 days beginning 4 h pre-virus exposure. The influenza virus inhibitor oseltamivir was run in parallel, and ribavirin was included in studies with the A/Shangdong and B/Hong Kong viruses. RWJ-270201 was inhibitory to all infections using doses as low as 1 mg/kg/day. Oseltamivir was generally up to 10-fold less effective than RWJ-270201. Ribavirin was also inhibitory but was less tolerated by the mice at the 75-mg/kg/day dose used. Disease-inhibitory effects included prevention of death, lessening of decline of arterial oxygen saturation, inhibition of lung consolidation, and reduction in lung virus titers. RWJ-270201 and oseltamivir, at doses of 10 and 1 mg/kg/day each, were compared with regard to their effects on daily lung parameters in influenza A/Shangdong/09/93 virus-infected mice. Maximum virus titer inhibition was seen on day 1, with RWJ-270201 exhibiting the greater inhibitory effect, a titer reduction of >104 cell culture 50% infective doses (CCID50)/g. By day 8, the lung virus titers in mice treated with RWJ-270201 had declined to 101.2 CCID50/g, whereas titers from oseltamivir-treated animals were >103CCID50/g. Mean lung consolidation was also higher in the oseltamivir-treated animals on day 8. Both neuraminidase inhibitors were well tolerated by the mice. RWJ-270201 was nontoxic at doses as high as 1,000 mg/kg/day. These data indicate potential for the oral use of RWJ-270201 in the treatment of influenza virus infections in humans.

scholarly journals SOME ENERGY RELATIONS IN A HOST-VIRUS SYSTEM

1953 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wilbur Ackermann ◽  
R. Bernal Johnson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Viral Propagation ◽  
Twofold Increase ◽  
Energy Relations ◽  
Virus System ◽  
Stimulation Of

It was found that DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol) will inhibit completely the propagation of influenza virus in chorioallantoic membrane. This reagent did not permanently alter those metabolic processes required for the synthesis of virus and at the concentrations employed demonstrated no virucidal effects. In minced preparations of chorioallantoic membrane DNP was shown to have a pronounced stimulatory effect upon ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase). When DNP was used with intact tissues, an excellent correlation was found between the inhibition of viral propagation and the stimulation of respiration and release of phosphate. Concentrations of DNP which permitted a twofold increase in the endogenous respiration of intact membranes allowed little or no viral synthesis. It is concluded that the energy required for viral synthesis derives from the oxidative phosphorylative activity of the host tissue.

scholarly journals Cross-Reactive, Cell-Mediated Immunity and Protection of Chickens from Lethal H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Hong Kong Poultry Markets

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2516-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Heui Seo ◽  
Robert G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H5n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
H9n2 Influenza Virus ◽  
H5n1 Influenza

ABSTRACT In 1997, avian H5N1 influenza virus transmitted from chickens to humans resulted in 18 confirmed infections. Despite harboring lethal H5N1 influenza viruses, most chickens in the Hong Kong poultry markets showed no disease signs. At this time, H9N2 influenza viruses were cocirculating in the markets. We investigated the role of H9N2 influenza viruses in protecting chickens from lethal H5N1 influenza virus infections. Sera from chickens infected with an H9N2 influenza virus did not cross-react with an H5N1 influenza virus in neutralization or hemagglutination inhibition assays. Most chickens primed with an H9N2 influenza virus 3 to 70 days earlier survived the lethal challenge of an H5N1 influenza virus, but infected birds shed H5N1 influenza virus in their feces. Adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes or CD8+ T cells from inbred chickens (B2/B2) infected with an H9N2 influenza virus to naive inbred chickens (B2/B2) protected them from lethal H5N1 influenza virus. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that T lymphocytes or CD8+ T cells from chickens infected with an H9N2 influenza virus recognized target cells infected with either an H5N1 or H9N2 influenza virus in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that cross-reactive cellular immunity induced by H9N2 influenza viruses protected chickens from lethal infection with H5N1 influenza viruses in the Hong Kong markets in 1997 but permitted virus shedding in the feces. Our findings are the first to suggest that cross-reactive cellular immunity can change the outcome of avian influenza virus infection in birds in live markets and create a situation for the perpetuation of H5N1 influenza viruses.

scholarly journals Haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies against four prototype strains of influenza A virus in different age groups

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Terzin ◽  
S. Djurišić ◽  
B. Vuković ◽  
V. Vujkov
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Lower Antibody Response

SUMMARYSera of 197 apparently well persons were tested for residual haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against live Hong Kong/68, A/FM/47 and A/PR/34 strains. Sera of 62 well persons, regularly exposed to contacts with swine, were tested against an inactivated A/New Jersey/76 antigen.Those born some time before and during a certain influenza era showed a significantly greater proportion of homologous residual titres against the subtype prevailing in that influenza era, than those born after the termination of the same era.In each of the seven age groups tested both the percentage of positives and the geometric mean titres were usually highest against the Hong Kong strain (representing the most recent era); the next highest were those against the FM1 strain and the lowest were those against the PR8 strain (representing the most distant of these three influenza eras).The serological involvement of donors exposed to regular contacts with swine was relatively stronger against the New Jersey antigen than the response of other serum donors shown against the other three, more recent, prototypes of influenza virus A. The oldest age groups showed significantly lower antibody response against the PR8, FM1 and Hong Kong strains (but not against the New Jersey antigen) than the next one or two of the younger age groups.

Amino acid sequence changes in the haemagglutinin of A/Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza virus during the period 1968–77

Nature ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 283 (5746) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Laver ◽  
G. M. Air ◽  
T. A. Dopheide ◽  
C. W. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
H3n2 Influenza Virus

scholarly journals Presence of Influenza Virus on Touch Surfaces in Kindergartens and Primary Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Whui Fong ◽  
Nancy H L Leung ◽  
Jingyi Xiao ◽  
Daniel K W Chu ◽  
Samuel M S Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract Backgrounds Influenza virus can survive on some surfaces, facilitating indirect person-to-person transmission. Methods We collected swab samples weekly from commonly touched surfaces in 7 kindergartens and primary schools during the 2017/2018 winter influenza season in Hong Kong. Results We detected influenza virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) in 12 of 1352 samples (<1%) collected from 7 of 11 classrooms (5 to 2 × 106 RNA copies/mL). Viral RNA was more frequently recovered from communal items inside classrooms such as bookshelves and doorknobs. Conclusions Surface contamination indicates the potential role of fomites in influenza virus transmission in schools. Communal items inside classrooms may cause greater potential risks of transmission during influenza epidemics.

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