scholarly journals Presence of Influenza Virus on Touch Surfaces in Kindergartens and Primary Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Whui Fong ◽  
Nancy H L Leung ◽  
Jingyi Xiao ◽  
Daniel K W Chu ◽  
Samuel M S Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract Backgrounds Influenza virus can survive on some surfaces, facilitating indirect person-to-person transmission. Methods We collected swab samples weekly from commonly touched surfaces in 7 kindergartens and primary schools during the 2017/2018 winter influenza season in Hong Kong. Results We detected influenza virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) in 12 of 1352 samples (<1%) collected from 7 of 11 classrooms (5 to 2 × 106 RNA copies/mL). Viral RNA was more frequently recovered from communal items inside classrooms such as bookshelves and doorknobs. Conclusions Surface contamination indicates the potential role of fomites in influenza virus transmission in schools. Communal items inside classrooms may cause greater potential risks of transmission during influenza epidemics.

scholarly journals Role of conformational heterogeneity in ligand recognition by viral RNA molecules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Levintov ◽  
Harish Vashisth
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Ligand Recognition ◽  
Conformational Heterogeneity ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Environmental Stimuli

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are known to undergo conformational changes in response to various environmental stimuli including temperature, pH, and ligands. In particular, viral RNA molecules are a key example...

scholarly journals Institutional outbreaks of rotavirus diarrhoea: potential role of fomites and environmental surfaces as vehicles for virus transmission

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed A. Sattar ◽  
Nellie Lloyd-Evans ◽  
V. Susan Springthorpe ◽  
Rama C. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Porous Surfaces ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

SUMMARYTo assess the potential of fomites and environmental surfaces as vehicles in the transmission of rotaviral diarrhoea, disks (1 cm diameter) of various porous and non-porous materials were contaminated with about 105plaque-forming units of the Wa strain of human rotavirus (HRV) suspended in faecal matter. The contaminated disks were then held for 10 days at either room temperature (22±2 °C) or 4°C with the relative humidity (RH) at the high (85±5%), medium (50±5%) or low (25±5%) level. Survival was longer on non-porous surfaces at the lower temperature and at lower humidity. In contrast, survival on porous surfaces was very variable; better on cotton-polyester than on poster card or paper currency on which HRV survived very poorly. These results suggest that under the right environmental conditions, HRV-contaminated objects could play a role in the transmission of rotavirus infections in hospitals, nursing homes and day-care centres.

scholarly journals Evidence for a Potential Role of Estrogen in the Penis: Detection of Estrogen Receptor-α and -β Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Protein

Endocrinology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 4764-4774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrina Jesmin ◽  
Chishimba N. Mowa ◽  
Naoyuki Matsuda ◽  
Alaa-Eldin Salah-Eldin ◽  
Hiroko Togashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

scholarly journals Potential Role of HPA Axis and Sympathetic Nervous Responses in Depletion of B Cells Induced by H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e51029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbao Qi ◽  
Jin Tian ◽  
Changhui Zhang ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Zhangyong Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The Gratitude of Underprivileged Young People in Hong Kong: The Potential Role of Religious Mentors

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Chi Wai Ng ◽  
Charles C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Young People ◽  
Potential Role

scholarly journals Historical Discoveries on Viruses in the Environment and Their Impact on Public Health

Intervirology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Thomas Labadie ◽  
Christophe Batéjat ◽  
India Leclercq ◽  
Jean-Claude Manuguerra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Droplet Sizes

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Transmission of many viruses occurs by direct transmission during a close contact between two hosts, or by an indirect transmission through the environment. Several and often interconnected factors, both abiotic and biotic, determine the persistence of these viruses released in the environment, which can last from a few seconds to several years. Moreover, viruses in the environment are able to travel short to very long distances, especially in the air or in water. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Although well described now, the role of these environments as intermediaries or as reservoirs in virus transmission has been extensively studied and debated in the last century. The majority of these discoveries, such as the pioneer work on bacteria transmission, the progressive discoveries of viruses, as well as the persistence of the influenza virus in the air varying along with droplet sizes, or the role of water in the transmission of poliovirus, have contributed to the improvement of public health. Recent outbreaks of human coronavirus, influenza virus, and Ebola virus have also demonstrated the contemporaneity of these research studies and the need to study virus persistence in the environment. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> In this review, we discuss historical discoveries that contributed to describe biotic and abiotic factors determining viral persistence in the environment.

scholarly journals Compensatory Evolution within Viral RNA Structure: The Potential Role of Stable Intermediates in RNA Structural Heterogeneity

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Rife Magalis ◽  
Blanton S Tolbert ◽  
Marco Salemi ◽  
Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond
Keyword(s):  
Rna Structure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Compensatory Evolution
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