scholarly journals Descriptive profile of tuberculin skin testing programs and laboratory-acquired tuberculosis infections in public health laboratories.

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1847-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Kao ◽  
D A Ashford ◽  
M M McNeil ◽  
N G Warren ◽  
R C Good
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis at the human-livestock-wildlife interface: Is it a public health problem in Tanzania? A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugwesa Z. Katale ◽  
Erasto V. Mbugi ◽  
Sharon Kendal ◽  
Robert D. Fyumagwa ◽  
Gibson S. Kibiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Potential Health

Despite the apparent public health concern about Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in Tanzania, little has been done regarding the zoonotic importance of the disease and raising awareness of the community to prevent the disease. Bovine tuberculosis is a potential zoonotic disease that can infect a variety of hosts, including humans. The presence of multiple hosts including wild animals, inefficient diagnostic techniques, absence of defined national controls and eradication programs could impede the control of bovine TB. In Tanzania, the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in animals is mostly carried out by tuberculin skin testing, meat inspection in abattoirs and only rarely using bacteriological techniques. The estimated prevalence of BTB in animals in Tanzania varies and ranges across regions from 0.2% to 13.3%, which is likely to be an underestimate if not confirmed by bacteriology or molecular techniques. Mycobacterium bovis has been detected and isolated from different animal species and has been recovered in 10% of apparently healthy wildebeest that did not show lesions at post-mortem. The transmission of the disease from animals to humans can occur directly through the aerosol route and indirectly by consumption of raw milk. This poses an emerging disease threat in the current era of HIV confection in Tanzania and elsewhere. Mycobacterium bovis is one of the causative agents of human extra pulmonary tuberculosis. In Tanzania there was a significant increase (116.6%) of extrapulmonary cases reported between 1995 and 2009, suggesting the possibility of widespread M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection due to general rise of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This paper aims to review the potential health and economic impact of bovine tuberculosis and challenges to its control in order to safeguard human and animal population in Tanzania.

scholarly journals A prevalence study of bovine tuberculosis by using abattoir meat inspection and tuberculin skin testing data, histopathological and IS6110PCR examination of tissues with tuberculous lesions in cattle inEthiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 512-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shitaye JE ◽  
B. Getahun ◽  
T. Alemayehu ◽  
M. Skoric ◽  
F. Treml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tissue Samples

Post mortem surveillances, for the detection of tuberculous lesions in particular depend on the work load time and the diligence of the inspector conducting the examination. The first aim of the study was to determine the trend of occurrence of tuberculous lesions in two abattoirs in Addis Ababa and Debre-Zeit (Ethiopia). The second aim of the study was to determine prevalence of the tuberculin skin test results in 10 dairy farm areas in Addis Ababa. The third aim was to detect tuberculous lesions and causal agents from tissue samples of the respiratory tract and mesenteric lymph nodes of the slaughtered cattle. The ten year (1996–2005) retrospective analysis of the meat inspection of 2 455 289 slaughtered animals showed that 707 (0.028%) were found with tuberculous lesions in parenchymatous organs of which were 699 (0.052%) of 1 336 266 cattle, 4 (0.001%) of 534 436 sheep, 3 (0.001%) of 573 767 goats and 1 (0.009%) of 10 820 pigs. The tuberculous lesions found in cattle were statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) than in other animals. The bovine tuberculin skin tests were conducted in Addis Ababa in 10 farm areas in 85 dairy farms having 2 098 cattle. Positive reactions were obtained from 9 farm areas in 41 (48%) herds which included 392 (19%) of the animals. In a current study, tuberculous lesions were found in 34 (3.5%) animals by the meat inspection surveillance of 984 cattle. Histopathologically, granulomatous inflammation was evident in 3 (8.8%) animals with tuberculous lesions. A highly sensitive PCR (IS6110) was positive in 4 of 34 (11.8%) animals with tuberculous lesions and in 1 (2.9%) of animal without lesions. The analyzed data and these study findings indicated that tuberculosis in cattle is an existing problem inEthiopia which needs to be solved.

Two-Stage Tuberculin Skin Testing in Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 151 (3_pt_1) ◽  
pp. 805-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol T. Webster ◽  
Fred M. Gordin ◽  
John P. Matts ◽  
Joyce A. Korvick ◽  
Carol Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Unintended Consequences: Mandatory Tuberculin Skin Testing and Severe Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. e1732-e1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Lobato ◽  
J. A. Jereb ◽  
J. R. Starke
Keyword(s):  
Skin Testing ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing

scholarly journals CANDIDA SKIN TESTING IS A POOR ADJUNCT TO TUBERCULIN SKIN TESTING IN INTERNATIONAL ADOPTEES

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
Kee Thai Yeo ◽  
Xiaobei Zhu ◽  
H Lester Kirchner ◽  
A Desiree LaBeaud ◽  
Anna Mandalakas
Keyword(s):  
Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
International Adoptees

scholarly journals Development of a Human Gamma Interferon Enzyme Immunoassay and Comparison with Tuberculin Skin Testing for Detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuket Desem ◽  
Stephen L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT A sensitive two-step simultaneous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human gamma interferon (IFN-γ) has been developed and used as an in vitro test for human tuberculosis (TB) in comparison with tuberculin skin testing. The EIA was shown to be highly sensitive, detecting less than 0.5 IU of recombinant human IFN-γ per ml within a linear detection range of 0.5 to 150 IU/ml. The assay was highly reproducible and specific for native IFN-γ. In addition, the assay detected chimpanzee, orangutan, gibbon, and squirrel monkey IFN-γs. Cross-reactions with other human cytokines or with IFN-γs derived from mice, cattle, or Old World monkeys were not evident. The assay was used to detect TB infection by incubating whole blood overnight with human, avian, and bovine tuberculin purified protein derivatives (PPDs), as well as positive (mitogen)- and negative-control preparations. The levels of IFN-γ in plasma supernatants were then determined. Blood from 10 tuberculin skin test-positive individuals responded predominantly to the human tuberculin PPD antigen and to a lesser extent to bovine and avian PPD antigens. By contrast, blood from 10 skin test-negative individuals showed minimal responses or no response to any of the tuberculin PPDs. Detectable levels of IFN-γ were present in all blood samples stimulated with mitogen. In vivo tuberculin reactivity was correlated with IFN-γ responsiveness in vitro. These results support the further study of the blood culture–IFN-γ EIA system as an alternative to skin testing for the detection of human TB infection.

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