scholarly journals Improved Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Middle-Ear Fluid Cultures by Use of a Gentamicin-Containing Medium

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3415-3416
Author(s):  
Nechama Peled ◽  
Pablo Yagupsky
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Columbia Agar

The performance of Columbia agar medium with added sheep blood and gentamicin (CAG) for isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniaefrom middle-ear fluid cultures was compared to that of routine blood agar medium (BA). Of 238 pneumococcal isolates recovered, CAG plates detected 233 (97.9%) but BA plates detected only 208 (87.4%) (P < 0.001).

scholarly journals Optochin Revisited: Defining the Optimal Type of Blood Agar for Presumptive Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gardam ◽  
M. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Columbia Agar ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Optimal Type

To determine the optimal media for optochin susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae, we measured inhibition zones for 72 S. pneumoniae and 22 Streptococcus viridans isolates on three blood-containing media. Because 15.3, 0, and 22.2% of S. pneumoniae organisms were misidentified on Columbia agar, Trypticase soy agar (TSA), and Mueller-Hinton agar, respectively, each containing sheep blood, we recommend that TSA-sheep blood agar be used.

scholarly journals Acute Mastoiditis in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1189-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Ovnat Tamir ◽  
Yehudah Roth ◽  
Ilan Dalal ◽  
Abraham Goldfarb ◽  
Tal Marom
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Mastoiditis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid

ABSTRACTFollowing the introduction of the 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, we observed an inverse relationship between the increasing rate of immunized children and the proportion of middle ear fluid cultures collected during acute mastoiditis episodes that tested positive forStreptococcus pneumoniaeamong a subset of children 0 to 6 years old who had initially presented with severe acute otitis media and had bacterial cultures collected during tympanocentesis or from spontaneous otorrhea.

MIDDLE-EAR FLUID STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND SEROTYPE AND DISTRIBUTION IN MEXICAN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 121 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S129.2-S129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lopez-Enriquez ◽  
A. Blanco-Montero ◽  
L. E. Espinosa-Monteros ◽  
R. Rodriguez ◽  
C. De La Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid

scholarly journals Decline and Rise of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Middle Ear Fluid in Children: Influence of Changes in Circulating Serotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 3989-3991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Pérez-Trallero ◽  
José M. Marimón ◽  
Marta Alonso ◽  
María Ercibengoa ◽  
José M. García-Arenzana
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

ABSTRACTChanges in the antimicrobial susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecausing otitis media were studied in 916 isolates from children <5 years old between 1999 and 2010 in a region of northern Spain. The rate of antimicrobial resistance decreased between the period before the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (from 1999 to 2001) and the period from 2005 to 2007. However, in 2008 to 2010, resistance rates increased again due to the spread of serotype 19A, especially the multidrug-resistant ST320 and ST276 clones.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Middle Ear Fluid and Nasopharynx of Children with Acute Otitis Media Exhibit Phase Variation

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1646-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arai ◽  
M. Hotomi ◽  
S. K. Hollingshead ◽  
Y. Ueno ◽  
D. E. Briles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid

scholarly journals Efficacy of Solithromycin (CEM-101) for Experimental Otitis Media Caused by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 5533-5538 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Figueira ◽  
P. Fernandes ◽  
S. I. Pelton
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid

ABSTRACTSolithromycin (CEM-101) is a “fourth-generation” macrolide, as it has three binding site and is acid stable. The three binding sites confer activity against bacteria resistant to the older macrolides and ketolides, including multidrug-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniaeand nontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi). The objective of this study was to evaluate solithromycin pharmacokinetics (PK), middle ear fluid (MEF) concentrations, and microbiologic efficacy in a chinchilla model of experimental otitis media (EOM) due to strains ofS. pneumoniaeor NTHi. Plasma PK (maximum concentration of drug in serum [Cmax] and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h [AUC0–24]) and middle ear fluid (MEF) concentrations were determined. Isolates with specified antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were inoculated directly into the middle ear (ME). Plasma and MEF were collected for PK and MEF cultures performed to determine efficacy. Solithromycin administered at 150 mg/kg of body weight/day resulted inCmaxand AUC0–24values of 2.2 μg/ml and 27.4 μg · h/ml in plasma and 1.7 μg/ml and 28.2 μg · h/ml in extracellular MEF on day 1. By day 3,Cmaxand AUC0–24values had increased to 4.5 μg/ml and 54 μg · h/ml in plasma and 4.8 μg/ml and 98.6 μg · h/ml in extracellular MEF. For NTHi EOM, three isolates with MIC/minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) ratios of 0.5/1 μg/ml (isolate BCH1), 2/2 μg/ml (isolate BMC1247C), and 4/4 μg/ml (isolate BMC1213C) were selected. The MEF of >85% of animals infected with BCH1 and BMC1247C was sterilized. For NTHi BMC1213, >85% of MEF cultures remained positive. ForS. pneumoniaeEOM, 3 isolates with MIC/MBC ratios of 0.06/0.125 μg/ml (S. pneumoniae331), 0.125/1 μg/ml (S. pneumoniaeCP-645 [MLSBphenotype]), and 0.5/2 μg/ml (CP-712 [mefAsubclassmefAresistance]) were selected. Solithromycin sterilized MEF in 100% of animals infected withS. pneumoniae331 andS. pneumoniaeCP-645. ME infection persisted in 60% of animals infected with CP-712. In a model of EOM, solithromycin sterilized MEF in >85% of animals challenged with NTHi with an MIC of ≤2 μg/ml and 100% of ME infected withS. pneumoniaewith an MIC of ≤0.125 μg/ml.

Immune Complexes in Middle Ear Fluid in Chronic Secretory Otitis Media

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tauno Palva ◽  
Tessa Lehtinen ◽  
Juhani Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Immune Complex Disease ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid

Data on 87 patients (113 ears) with chronic secretory otitis media (SOM) are reported. The bacteriological analysis of the middle ear fluid (MEF) revealed Streptococcus pneumoniae in 7% of ears, Hemophilus influenzae in 9%, opportunistic bacteria in 20%, while 64% of the samples showed no growth. Free capsular polysaccharide pneumococcal antigens were found in 5 % of the MEF samples using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) with Omniserum containing 83 different pneumococcal polysaccharide types. Heating of the samples to disrupt the immune complexes increased the frequency of positive samples to 27%. These findings, together with the frequent occurrence of S pneumoniae and H influenzae in the nasopharynx, strongly support the opinion that chronic SOM in a considerable number of cases is an immune complex disease.

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