scholarly journals Phylogenetic Classification and Species Identification of Dermatophyte Strains Based on DNA Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Regions

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Makimura ◽  
Yoshiko Tamura ◽  
Takashi Mochizuki ◽  
Atsuhiko Hasegawa ◽  
Yoshito Tajiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Its1 Region ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
Arthroderma Benhamiae ◽  
Base Sequences ◽  
Trichophyton Schoenleinii ◽  
Trichophyton Terrestre

The mutual phylogenetic relationships of dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, andEpidermophyton were demonstrated by using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences.Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. form a cluster in the phylogenetic tree with Epidermophyton floccosum as an outgroup, and within this cluster, allTrichophyton spp. except Trichophyton terrestreform a nested cluster (100% bootstrap support). Members of dermatophytes in the cluster of Trichophyton spp. were classified into three groups with ITS1 homologies, with each of them being a monophyletic cluster (100% bootstrap support). TheArthroderma vanbreuseghemii-Arthroderma simii group consists of A. vanbreuseghemii, A. simii,Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates from humans, T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Trichophyton schoenleinii. Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var.erinacei, and Trichophyton verrucosum are members of the Arthroderma benhamiae group.Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton violaceumform the T. rubrum group. This suggests that these “species” of dermatophytes have been overclassified. The ITS1 sequences of 11 clinical isolates were also determined to identify the species, and all strains were successfully identified by comparison of their base sequences with those in the ITS1 DNA sequence database.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Classification of Trichophyton mentagrophytes Complex Strains Based on DNA Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Regions

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2629-2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Makimura ◽  
Takashi Mochizuki ◽  
Atsuhiko Hasegawa ◽  
Katsuhisa Uchida ◽  
Hiuga Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Homologous Group ◽  
Arthroderma Benhamiae ◽  
Group I ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes Complex ◽  
Animal Isolates

Using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences from 37 stock strains and clinical isolates provisionally termed Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex in Japan, we demonstrated the mutual phylogenetic relationships of these strains. Members of this complex were classified into 3 ITS1-homologous groups and 13 ITS1-identical groups by their sequences. ITS1-homologous group I consists of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii, T. mentagrophytes human isolates, and several strains of T. mentagrophytes animal isolates. Five strains of Arthroderma simii form a cluster comprising ITS1-homologous group II. The Americano-European and African races of Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var.erinacei, and one strain of a T. mentagrophytes animal isolate constitute ITS1-homologous group III. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed withTrichophyton rubrum as an outgroup, ITS1-homologous groups I and II comprised a monophyletic cluster and ITS1-homologous group III constituted another cluster which was rather distant from the others in the complex. This system was applicable to the phylogenetic analysis of closely related strains. Using this technique, human and animal isolates of T. mentagrophytes were also clearly distinguishable from each other.

scholarly journals Comparative Morphological, Ultrastructural, and Molecular Studies of Four Cicadinae Species Using Exuvial Legs

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Song ◽  
Wook Jin Kim ◽  
Ji-Min Cha ◽  
Sungyu Yang ◽  
Goya Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Leg Morphology

Previous studies have suggested that exuviae can be used for the identification of cicada species, but the precise characteristics that differ among species have not been determined. Thus, we performed the first comparative analyses of the leg morphology, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial DNA sequences of exuviae of four dominant cicada species in Korea, Hyalessa maculaticollis (Motschulsky, 1866), Meimuna opalifera (Walker, 1850), Platypleura kaempferi (Fabricius, 1794) and Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius, 1775), the source of Cicadidae Periostracum, a well-known traditional medicine. A morphological analysis revealed that the profemur length, femoral tooth angle, and distance between the intermediate and last tooth of the femoral comb are useful characteristics for identification. We also evaluated the usefulness of the size, degree of reflex, and number of spines on the mid-legs and hind legs as diagnostic features. An ultrastructural study showed that Meimuna opalifera has a unique surface pattern on the legs. The sequences obtained using exuviae were identical to previously obtained sequences for adult tissues. Moreover, in a phylogenetic analysis using CO1 sequences, each species formed a monophyletic cluster with high bootstrap support. Accordingly, multiple methodological approaches using exuviae might provide highly reliable identification tools. The integrative data provide useful characteristics for the exuviae-based identification of closely related species and for further taxonomic and systematic studies of Cicadinae.

A new species of Chlorociboria (Helotiales, Ascomycota) on herbaceous stems from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
HUAN-DI ZHENG ◽  
WEN-YING ZHUANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Central China ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Ectal Excipulum ◽  
A New Species

A new species, namely Chlorociboria herbicola, is discovered on herbaceous stems in central China. Morphologically, the new fungus is distinctive by the combination of light blue-green apothecia, rectangular cells in ectal excipulum, and elongate-ellipsoidal ascospores with rounded ends. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences confirm its ascription in Chlorociboria and distinction from the known species of the genus.

scholarly journals First Report of Musk Thistle Rust (Puccinia carduorum) in California and Nevada

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 814-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Woods ◽  
M. J. Pitcairn ◽  
D. G. Luster ◽  
W. L. Bruckart
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Its1 And Its2 ◽  
Spacer Dna

Musk thistle, Carduus nutans L., is an introduced weed of pastures, rangelands, and natural areas in much of North America. Puccinia carduorum Jacky, an autoecious rust fungus from Turkey, has been evaluated for biological control of musk thistle since 1978, including a field study near Blacksburg, VA, from 1987 to 1990. After release of the fungus in Virginia, rusted musk thistle was found in eight eastern states by 1992, in Missouri by 1994 (1), and in Oklahoma by 1997 (2). A rust disease was discovered on musk thistle near Mt. Shasta, CA, on 22 September 1998, and near Mogul, NV, on 12 August 1999. The pathogen was identified as P. carduorum on the basis of pathogenicity on musk thistle and urediniospore morphology (ovate spores, 21 μm diameter, three germ pores equatorial in location, and echinulations over the upper two-thirds to three-quarters of urediniospores). Ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences (ITS1 and ITS2) were identical to those from the isolate obtained after the field release in Virginia, verifying that the California isolate is P. carduorum. The initial California infestation was observed on a few plants late in the season, and by September 2000, nearly 100% of plants were infected. The occurrence of P. carduorum in California is apparently the result of natural, unaided spread of the fungus on musk thistle from the East Coast of the United States. References: (1) A. B. A. M. Baudoin and W. L. Bruckart. Plant Dis. 80:1193, 1996. (2) L. J. Littlefield et al. Plant Dis. 82:832, 1998.

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