EFFECTS OF ASCORBIC ACID AND SUGAR ON PHYSICAL, TEXTURAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE BREADS

The present study was carried out to demonstrate the combined effects of different maize flour, ascorbic acid and sugar on the physical, textural and sensory properties of composite breads. The composite flour was prepared using 70% of wheat flour and 30% of flour obtained from grain of differently coloured maize - light blue, blue, red and yellow maize flour. Chemical characterization of composite flours made with four different types of maize was also assessed. Furthermore, the content of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity in composite flours was determined. The total of 12 breads that were prepared, four of which were control composite breads, four breads with ascorbic acid, and four were breads with ascorbic acid and sugar. The content of total phenolic compounds showed clear differences among all composite flours. The anthocyanins content determined in composite flours was in the following descending order: blue>red>light blue, while in the yellow maize composite flour anthocyanins were not detected. The results showed that the addition of AsA (0.025%) and sugar (5%) negatively affected the volume as well as the specific volume of composite wheat-maize breads. The texture analysis showed that the addition of AsA in amount of 0.025% had no impact on springiness, cohesiveness and resilience of bread crumb, while it increased crumb hardness. However, composite breads made with AsA and AsA and sugar showed a more compact structure, with a larger number of cells and smaller mean cell areas. Bread samples with AsA and sugar in the tested doses had the lowest springiness, which is indicative of brittleness and reflects the tendency of the bread to crumble when slicing. Results of the sensory evaluation revealed that the AsA and sugar addition had a generally positive effect on the investigated sensory attributes.

CREATING A SENSE OF THE UNUSUAL WITH CHROMATIC LIGHT

Due to the influence of COVID-19, there is a need to create an environment where people can relax and feel special in a separated space. Therefore, in this study, we will clarify the psychological changes that occur when people are surrounded by an unusual environment. This study prepared eight LED lighting colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, light blue, purple, and white. The room was illuminated, and the participants were asked to evaluate their impressions using the SD method on a 7-point scale. As a result of impression evaluation, red gave a warm impression, yellow gave a bright impression, blue gave a cold impression, and purple gave a mature impression, just like the psychological effects of colours. Green gave an artificial impression that was different from the psychological effects of the other colours. From these results, we can conclude that impressions do not correlate with colour symbolism when the entire room is illuminated with coloured light. In the future, we will clarify the relationship between wavelength and impression by studying the spectral distribution of each light source.

INCREASING THE VITAMIN VALUE OF YOGURT WITH THE HELP OF BERRIES OF THE LIPETSK REGION RETAIL CHAIN

The work is aimed at assessing the vitamin value of yogurt after adding berries from the Lipetsk region retail chain to its recipe. The addition of crushed strawberries, cherries, blueberries and cranberries to yogurt preserves the organoleptic characteristics of the product within the GOST 31981-2013 standard. The introduction of strawberries, cherries and cranberries into the yogurt recipe gives the product a light pink, and blueberries - a light blue color. Of the berries used, only cranberries did not give the yogurt any taste. This berry acidified yogurt to the greatest extent. All the added fruits reduced the density of yogurt, especially strawberries. Judging by the acidity of the yogurt, the shelf life at a temperature of 4 oC of the control sample, as well as with the addi-tion of blueberries and strawberries, was the longest – 7 days. On the 6th day, the cherry variant went beyond the standard for acidity, on the 5th day - the cranberry variant. Taking into account the organoleptic parameters, the shelf life of acidity and the content of nutrients in yogurt, it is necessary to single out the option with the addition of blueberries as the most successful.

Identification of Inhomogeneous Temperature on Stainless Steel using Statistical Analysis

Corrosion in stainless steel, abbreviated as SS, is still an exciting topic to study. Even though SS is a corrosion resistance material, this property will be degraded when exposed to high temperatures for a long time because of σ phase, such as a Fe-Cr compound, formation. The presence of this phase can be observed using a special chemical etchant solution that will give five specific colours to this phase: light brown, dark brown, bluish brown, light blue, and dark blue. In this study, the specimen sample is from ASTM A297. Furthermore, the metallography process is carried out to obtain microstructure images that describe the σ phase. Here, two grains were taken as objects to discretize with one of them was around the specimen sample center and the other was close to the boundary with the environment. The discretization resulted in a 2 x 5 frequency table, called contingency table, that is analysed by the independence χ2-test. The contingency table is also represented geometrically in cartesian. The study shows that two grains were not independent. The grain which was around the specimen sample center contained many σ phases dominated by light blue colour (43%). In other words, the prolonged heating did not give homogeneous corrosion level.

AN UPDATE CHECKLIST OF VULNERABLE FRESHWATER FISH RASBORA BALIENSIS (HUBBS & BRITTAN 1954) (CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE) IN INDONESIA

Rasborabaliensis(Hubbs & Brittan, 1954) is a native freshwater fish from Indonesia, which was described in East Java, Bali Island, and the West Lesser Sunda Islands. In the present paper, we reported on the presence of R. baliensis, which was collected from several new rivers in Java and East Lesser Sunda Islands. The specimen was identified as R. baliensisbased on the number of scales on the lateral line 26 and on the predorsal 12;the upper head and body are light brown while the lower jaw and belly are silver; mid-lateral stripe from opercle to caudal base light blue; dorsal, caudal, and anal fins yellowish; and pectoral and ventral fins hyaline. The paper also showed the current distribution range of this species. The new records of native freshwater fish are important contributions to understanding species diversity and biogeography.

Symbolism of the blue/light blue color in the English and German publicistic texts

This article aims to determine similarities and differences in manifestation of symbolism of the blue/light blue color in the English and German publicistic texts. The subject of this research is the semantics of English and German lexemes representing the blue/light blue color in both languages. The symbolism of this color designation is selected due to its insufficient coverage in comparative linguistics. Based on the material of lexicographic sources, the author describes the dictionary meanings of the aforementioned lexemes, which resemble symbolism of the blue color in the English and German publicistic texts. The scientific novelty lies in the establishment of similarities and differences of symbolism of the blue/light blue color on the example of the English and German publicistic texts, highlighting that in the English texts, the lexemes that denote these colors are used more often than in the German texts (English word ‘blue’; German word ‘blau’). The conducted analysis reveals that in the English publicistic texts, symbolism of the blue/light blue color is applied in creation of precedent names, as well as nominations of affiliation to a particular party, nobility, symbol of nobleness, purity, or despondency, suppression of wrongdoing. In the German publicistic texts, this color designated affiliation to the political party, or authorization document for foreign employees. Comparison of the content of lexemes ‘blue’ and ‘blau’ in the English and German texts reveals more similarities. However, in the English publicistic texts, this lexeme denotes the symbolism of sadness, despondency, or noble descent.

Blue Eyes Help Men Reduce the Cost of Cuckoldry

Men with light eyes lack the dominant gene allele that codes for dark-brown eyes. Pairing with a woman who lacks the same allele must increase paternity confidence in these men, because any children with dark eyes would be extremely unlikely to have been fathered by them. This notion implies that men with light (blue or green) eyes should (1) prefer light-eyed women, especially in a long-term context, and (2) feel more threatened by light-eyed than by dark-eyed rivals. Yet because choosiness is costly and paternity concerns are entirely driven by the prospect of paternal investment, any such inclinations would be adaptive only in men who expect to invest in their children. Here I test these ideas using the data of over 1000 men who rated the facial attractiveness of potential partners, and the threat of potential rivals, whose eye color had been manipulated. Light-eyed men liked light-eyed women better (particularly as long-term companions), and feared light-eyed rivals more, than did dark-eyed men. An exploratory analysis showed that these large, robust effects disappeared in men who had felt rejected by their fathers while growing up—suggesting that such men are not expecting to invest in their own children either.

Art therapy possibilities in the complex treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis

Objective: to study the effectiveness of art therapy methods in the complex treatment of neuropsychological disorders and quality of life improvement in patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS).Patients and methods. A group of 42 patients (5 men and 37 women, mean age 32.9 years, mean EDSS severity 3.8 points) with MS underwent outpatient continuous active art therapy cycle. The mean group training cycle duration was six months. The comparison group included 15 age- and sex-adjusted individuals without neurological disorders. Tests on various drawing topics were carried out before and after a three-month therapy course. We used Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the severity of anxiety and depression and the SF-36 scale to evaluate the quality of life (QoL).Results and discussion. Before the art therapy start, light blue, yellow, pink, blue, and green colors prevailed in the drawings. There was no predominance of any color depending on MS severity or course. The green color predominated in this test in the control group, and the light blue color was significantly less represented. The art therapy course did not lead to a significant change in the severity of MS according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). After the art therapy course, the color scheme of the drawings was mainly represented by red, light blue, green, yellow, and blue colors. In addition, a red-orange color appeared in the drawings, which was completely absent before the course. Positive trends were noted according to HADS: a decrease in anxiety by 23% and depression by 19%. The physical component of QoL assessed by the SF-36 scale did not change substantially, but the psychological component significantly improved by 11%.Conclusion. The predominance of light blue color observed in MS is associated with damage to the nervous and musculoskeletal systems, and blue color – with psychological problems and depression. However, after a course of art therapy for MS, red, red-orange, yellow, and green colors representation increased significantly, which indicates an increase in positive attitude, a decrease in the level of depression, and an improvement in QoL.