scholarly journals Comparative Morphological, Ultrastructural, and Molecular Studies of Four Cicadinae Species Using Exuvial Legs

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Song ◽  
Wook Jin Kim ◽  
Ji-Min Cha ◽  
Sungyu Yang ◽  
Goya Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Leg Morphology

Previous studies have suggested that exuviae can be used for the identification of cicada species, but the precise characteristics that differ among species have not been determined. Thus, we performed the first comparative analyses of the leg morphology, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial DNA sequences of exuviae of four dominant cicada species in Korea, Hyalessa maculaticollis (Motschulsky, 1866), Meimuna opalifera (Walker, 1850), Platypleura kaempferi (Fabricius, 1794) and Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius, 1775), the source of Cicadidae Periostracum, a well-known traditional medicine. A morphological analysis revealed that the profemur length, femoral tooth angle, and distance between the intermediate and last tooth of the femoral comb are useful characteristics for identification. We also evaluated the usefulness of the size, degree of reflex, and number of spines on the mid-legs and hind legs as diagnostic features. An ultrastructural study showed that Meimuna opalifera has a unique surface pattern on the legs. The sequences obtained using exuviae were identical to previously obtained sequences for adult tissues. Moreover, in a phylogenetic analysis using CO1 sequences, each species formed a monophyletic cluster with high bootstrap support. Accordingly, multiple methodological approaches using exuviae might provide highly reliable identification tools. The integrative data provide useful characteristics for the exuviae-based identification of closely related species and for further taxonomic and systematic studies of Cicadinae.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Phylogeny of Daucus

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Spooner ◽  
Holly Ruess ◽  
Philipp Simon ◽  
Douglas Senalik
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequences

Abstract—We explored the phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Daucus and compared the results with prior phylogenetic results using the same 36 accessions of Daucus (and two additional outgroups) with plastid DNA sequences and with other nuclear results. As in the plastid study we used Illumina HiSeq sequencer to obtain resequencing data of the same accessions of Daucus and outgroups, and analyzed the data with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. We obtained data from 47 of 71 total mitochondrial genes but only 17 of these 47 genes recovered major clades that were common in prior plastid and nuclear studies. Our phylogenetic trees of the concatenated data set of 47 genes were moderately resolved, with 100% bootstrap support for most of the external and many of the internal clades, except for the clade of D. carota and its most closely related species D. syrticus. There are areas of hard incongruence with phylogenies using plastid and nuclear data. In agreement with other studies, we conclude that mitochondrial sequences are generally poor phylogenetic markers, at least at the genus level, despite their utility in some other studies.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Classification and Species Identification of Dermatophyte Strains Based on DNA Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Regions

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Makimura ◽  
Yoshiko Tamura ◽  
Takashi Mochizuki ◽  
Atsuhiko Hasegawa ◽  
Yoshito Tajiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Its1 Region ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
Arthroderma Benhamiae ◽  
Base Sequences ◽  
Trichophyton Schoenleinii ◽  
Trichophyton Terrestre

The mutual phylogenetic relationships of dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, andEpidermophyton were demonstrated by using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences.Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. form a cluster in the phylogenetic tree with Epidermophyton floccosum as an outgroup, and within this cluster, allTrichophyton spp. except Trichophyton terrestreform a nested cluster (100% bootstrap support). Members of dermatophytes in the cluster of Trichophyton spp. were classified into three groups with ITS1 homologies, with each of them being a monophyletic cluster (100% bootstrap support). TheArthroderma vanbreuseghemii-Arthroderma simii group consists of A. vanbreuseghemii, A. simii,Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates from humans, T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Trichophyton schoenleinii. Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var.erinacei, and Trichophyton verrucosum are members of the Arthroderma benhamiae group.Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton violaceumform the T. rubrum group. This suggests that these “species” of dermatophytes have been overclassified. The ITS1 sequences of 11 clinical isolates were also determined to identify the species, and all strains were successfully identified by comparison of their base sequences with those in the ITS1 DNA sequence database.

Phylogenetic analysis of the Australian Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae) based on morphology and nuclear DNA

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Shepherd ◽  
T. D. Macfarlane ◽  
M. Waycott
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Strong Bootstrap Support ◽  
Tribal Classification ◽  
Molecular Characters

The Salicornioideae Kostel. are distinctive among the Chenopodiaceae Venet.. However, their phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Analyses of morphological and molecular characters were undertaken to evaluate relationships within the subfamily and to test the monophyly of the endemic Australian genera Halosarcia Paul G. Wilson, Pachycornia Hook.f., Sclerostegia Paul G. Wilson, Tecticornia Hook.f. and Tegicornia Paul G. Wilson. Kalidium Moq. and Halopeplis Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. of the tribe Halopeplideae were used as outgroup representatives in the morphological analysis and resolved sister to the tribe Salicornieae. Allenrolfea Kuntze; Halocnemum Bieb. and Heterostachys Meyer formed an early branching group sister to a moderately supported clade comprised of the remaining Salicornieae. Only terminal groups of closely related species received significant bootstrap support in this analysis. In contrast, the current tribal classification of the Salicornioideae was not supported in the molecular analysis as Allenrolfea occidentalis Kuntz (tribe Salicornieae) positioned sister to Kalidium foliatum Moq. (tribe Halopeplideae) and the remaining Salicornieae. Three major clades received strong bootstrap support: Microcnemum+Arthrocnemum, Sarcocornia+Salicornia, and the endemic Australian genera. None of the endemic Australian genera was individually supported as monophyletic in either the morphological or the molecular analyses. Subspecies complexes, polyploids and hybrids may contribute to the lack of resolution and apparently high levels of homoplasy in the morphological analysis. A greater understanding of population level processes is required to begin to resolve the phylogeny of this complex group.

The taxonomic status of Lepus melainus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) based on nuclear DNA and morphological analyses

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3010 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANG LIU ◽  
PENG CHEN ◽  
LI YU ◽  
SHI-FANG WU ◽  
YA-PING ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Reciprocal Monophyly ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Morphological Differences

The taxonomic status of the species Lepus melainus, the Manchurian black hare, is intensely debated. It is considered either as a valid species or a black color morph of L. mandshuricus, the Manchurian hare. Herein, we evaluate the validity of L. melainus using 24 morphological traits and two nuclear DNA loci (TG=466bp; MGF=592bp) from newly collected specimens. Except for winter pelage, we fail to discover significant morphological differences between L. melainus and L. mandshuricus. Analysis of the nuclear DNA sequences reveals lack of reciprocal monophyly between L. mandshuricus and L. melainus, as they form one single clade with high bootstrap support; in addition, morphometric and morphological analyses found no specific differentiation between forms corresponding to L. mandshuricus or L. melainus. Together with the fact that the range of L. melainus is completely within that of L. mandshuricus, our study supports the recognition of L. melainus as a melanistic morph and junior synonym of L. mandshuricus.

A New Species of Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
Karinne Sampaio Valdemarin ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
Fiorella Fernanda Mazine ◽  
Vinicius Castro Souza
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A new species of Eugenia from the Atlantic forest of Brazil is described and illustrated. Eugenia flavicarpa is restricted to the Floresta de Tabuleiro (lowland forests) of Espírito Santo state and is nested in Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia. Considering all other species of the subgenus that occur in forest vegetation types of the Atlantic forest phytogeographic domain, Eugenia flavicarpa can be distinguished mainly by the combination of smooth leaves with indumentum on both surfaces, with two marginal veins, usually ramiflorous inflorescences, pedicels 4.5‐9.7 mm long, flower buds 3.5‐4 mm in diameter, and by the calyx lobes that are 2‐3 mm long with rounded to obtuse apices. Morphological analyses were performed to explore the significance of quantitative diagnostic features between the new species and the closely related species, Eugenia farneyi. Notes on the habitat, distribution, phenology, and conservation status of Eugenia flavicarpa are provided, as well as a key for all species of Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia from forest vegetation of the Atlantic forest phytogeographic domain.

Patiriella pseudoexigua (Asteroidea: Asterinidae): a cryptic species complex revealed by molecular and embryological analyses

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Hart ◽  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Planktonic Larva ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Planktonic Larvae ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex

Cryptic lineages were identified within a morphologically uniform group of sea stars distributed from Australia to Japan. Among eight populations, all of which have been referred to Patiriella pseudoexigua, we found seven unique mitochondrial DNA sequences clustered into four distinct lineages. These four lineages formed a monophyletic group in which sister clades were separated by small genetic distances but could be differentiated from each other on the basis of reproductive differences. The four lineages thus appear to be separate but very closely related species. Examination of reproduction in several Queensland populations revealed that one population (Statue Bay) consisted of hermaphroditic intragonadal brooders with live-born offspring while other populations (Townsville, Bowen, Airlie Beach) consisted of dioecious free-spawners with a planktonic larva. The brooded larvae from central Queensland populations closely resembled brooded embryos and larvae of a Japanese lineage, while the planktonic larvae from northern Queensland were similar to the original description of planktonic larvae from a Taiwan population. However, each of the viviparous lineages was more closely related to a lineage with planktonic larval development than the viviparous lineages were to each other. Patiriella pseudoexigua thus comprises at least four species with different reproductive phenotypes in which viviparous brooding appears to have evolved in parallel. Based on previous taxonomic work we propose the following names for these four lineages: the dioecious free-spawner from northern Queensland (including the P. pseudoexigua type locality) is P. pseudoexiguasensu stricto; the viviparous brooder from central Queensland is undescribed and here referred to as Patiriella sp. nov; the dioecious free-spawner from Taiwan is temporarily referred to as Patiriella sp. (a senior name for this species may be P. pentagonus); and the hermaphrodite brooder from Japan should be raised to specific status and referred to by the new combination P. pacifica.

scholarly journals Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Thuan Duc Lao ◽  
Hanh Van Trinh ◽  
Loi Vuong ◽  
Luyen Tien Vu ◽  
Thuy Ai Huyen Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Method ◽  
Cordyceps Cicadae ◽  
High Bootstrap

Abstract The entomopathogenic fungus T011, parasitizing on nymph of Cicada, collected in the coffee garden in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam, was preliminarily morphologically identified as Isaria cicadae, belonged to order Hypocreales and family Clavicipitaceae. To ensure the authenticity of T011, phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated set of multiple genes including ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, Rpb1, and Tef1 was applied to support the identification. Genomic DNA was isolated from dried sample T011. The PCR assay sequencing was applied to amplify ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, Rpb1, and Tef1 gene. For phylogenetic analysis, the concatenated data of both target gens were constructed with MEGAX with a 1,000 replicate bootstrap based on the neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony method. As the result, the concatenated data containing 62 sequences belonged to order Hypocreales, families Clavicipitaceae, and 2 outgroup sequences belonged to order Hypocreales, genus Verticillium. The phylogenetic analysis results indicated that T011 was accepted at subclade Cordyceps and significantly formed the monophyletic group with referent Cordyceps cicadae (Telemorph of Isaria cicadae) with high bootstrap value. The phylogenetically analyzed result was strongly supported by our morphological analysis described as the Isaria cicadae. In summary, phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated dataset were successfully applied to strengthen the identification of T011 as Isaria cicadae.

scholarly journals Karyotype Characterization of Nine Periwinkle Species (Gastropoda, Littorinidae)

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel García-Souto ◽  
Sandra Alonso-Rubido ◽  
Diana Costa ◽  
José Eirín-López ◽  
Emilio Rolán-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Submetacentric Chromosome ◽  
The Family ◽  
Littorina Arcana

Periwinkles of the family Littorinidae (Children, 1834) are common members of seashore littoral communities worldwide. Although the family is composed of more than 200 species belonging to 18 genera, chromosome numbers have been described in only eleven of them. A molecular cytogenetic analysis of nine periwinkle species, the rough periwinkles Littorina arcana, L. saxatilis, and L. compressa, the flat periwinkles L. obtusata and L. fabalis, the common periwinkle L. littorea, the mangrove periwinkle Littoraria angulifera, the beaded periwinkle Cenchritis muricatus, and the small periwinkle Melarhaphe neritoides was performed. All species showed diploid chromosome numbers of 2n = 34, and karyotypes were mostly composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosome pairs. None of the periwinkle species showed chromosomal differences between male and female specimens. The chromosomal mapping of major and minor rDNA and H3 histone gene clusters by fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrated that the patterns of distribution of these DNA sequences were conserved among closely related species and differed among less related ones. All signals occupied separated loci on different chromosome pairs without any evidence of co-localization in any of the species.

scholarly journals Species in section Peltidea (aphthosa group) of the genus Peltigera remain cryptic after molecular phylogenetic revision

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Miadlikowska ◽  
Nicolas Magain ◽  
Carlos J. Pardo-De la Hoz ◽  
Dongling Niu ◽  
Trevor Goward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Specificity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Phylogenetic Revision

AbstractClosely related lichen-forming fungal species circumscribed using phenotypic traits (morphospecies) do not always align well with phylogenetic inferences based on molecular data. Using multilocus data obtained from a worldwide sampling, we inferred phylogenetic relationships among five currently accepted morphospecies of Peltigera section Peltidea (P. aphthosa group). Monophyletic circumscription of all currently recognized morphospecies (P. britannica, P. chionophila, P. frippii and P. malacea) except P. aphthosa, which contained P. britannica, was confirmed with high bootstrap support. Following their re-delimitation using bGMYC and Structurama, BPP validated 14 putative species including nine previously unrecognized potential species (five within P. malacea, five within P. aphthosa, and two within P. britannica). Because none of the undescribed potential species are corroborated morphologically, chemically, geographically or ecologically, we concluded that these monophyletic entities represent intraspecific phylogenetic structure, and, therefore, should not be recognized as new species. Cyanobionts associated with Peltidea mycobionts (51 individuals) represented 22 unique rbcLX haplotypes from five phylogroups in Clade II subclades 2 and 3. With rare exceptions, Nostoc taxa involved in trimembered and bimembered associations are phylogenetically closely related (subclade 2) or identical, suggesting a mostly shared cyanobiont pool with infrequent switches. Based on a broad geographical sampling, we confirm a high specificity of Nostoc subclade 2 with their mycobionts, including a mutualistically exclusive association between phylogroup III and specific lineages of P. malacea.

The Ornithodoros capensis group (Acari: Argasidae): a morphological diagnosis and molecular characterization of O. capensis sensu stricto from Queimada Grande Island, Brazil 

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Muñoz-Leal ◽  
Ricardo A. Dias ◽  
Carlos R. Abrahão ◽  
Marcelo B. Labruna
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
First Time

Ornithodoros capensis sensu lato (s. l.) is a worldwide-distributed group of soft ticks that parasitize birds in insular and continental lands. It is currently composed of 11 morphologically closely related species. Several viral and bacterial pathogens, and particularly Coxiella-like endosymbiont organisms have been described coexisting with ticks of this group. Since it last report in 1983, the presence of O. capensis s. l. in Brazil has remained undocumented. By a morphological analysis of larvae and a molecular characterization of ticks and Coxiella genes we describe for the first time O. capensis sensu stricto in Brazil from specimens collected on Queimada Grande Island, in São Paulo state.

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