scholarly journals New medium for selection and presumptive identification of the Bacteroides fragilis group

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-453
Author(s):  
S J Livingston ◽  
S D Kominos ◽  
R B Yee
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Characteristic Morphology ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
Esculin Hydrolysis ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

A medium, Bacteroides fragilis bile-esculin (BBE) agar, was designed for the selection and, presumptive identification of the B. fragilis group. BBE agar contains bile, esculin, ferric ammonium citrate, hemin, and gentamicin in a Trypticase soy agar base. Growth in the presence of 20% bile and esculin hydrolysis, detected by blackening of the medium, provide presumptive evidence for the identification of the B. fragilis group. In addition to stimulating the growth of many strains of the B. fragilis group, hemin provides the option of testing isolates for catalase production. Gentamicin and bile prevent the growth of most organisms other than the esculin-positive bacteroides that can tolerate bile. Of 160 clinical isolates of the B. fragilis group tested on BBE agar, 159 grew well on the medium and 157 blackened it. Other anaerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, and enterococci either failed to grow on BBE agar or did not produce the characteristic morphology and blackening associated with isolates of the B. fragilis group. In a clinical laboratory trial, 687 specimens from patients were inoculated onto BBE agar plates. The B. fragilis group was recovered from 81 (11.8%) of these specimens in 24 to 48 h. Use of BBE agar in the clinical laboratory enables earlier recovery and identification of this important pathogen.

Rapid Detection of Listeria spp. in Food and Environmental Samples by Esculin Hydrolysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDY A. FRASER ◽  
WILLIAM H. SPERBER
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Secondary Enrichment ◽  
Esculin Hydrolysis ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
The Government

The use of Fraser Broth enables the presumptive detection of Listeria spp. within 48 h, thereby producing major cost and time savings when compared to existing methods. Fraser Broth was developed by modification of the USDA secondary enrichment broth through the addition of lithium chloride and ferric ammonium citrate. Esculin hydrolysis in Fraser Broth results in the production of a black precipitate. Since all Listeria spp. hydrolyse esculin, cultures which do not blacken can be considered to be Listeria-free. The efficacy of Fraser Broth was documented by testing a wide range of food and environmental samples from food processing facilities in parallel with the methods used by the government regulatory agencies. Fraser Broth inoculated from the USDA primary enrichment was found to be more sensitive than either Fraser Broth inoculated from the FDA enrichment or the existing FDA method in the analysis of ice cream products.

scholarly journals Requirement of lmo1930, a Gene in the Menaquinone Biosynthesis Operon, for Esculin Hydrolysis and Lithium Chloride Tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Parsons ◽  
Midya Jahanafroozi ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Regular Sampling ◽  
Esculin Hydrolysis ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that is widely distributed in nature, having been isolated from a variety of sources such as soil, water, plant matter, and animals. In addition, L. monocytogenes is often detected in the regular sampling of food and food processing environments. The most common method for detecting L. monocytogenes is the use of selective enrichments. Both lithium chloride and esculin, in combination with ferric ammonium citrate, are utilized in several of the most commonly-employed selective enrichment schemes for L. monocytogenes. Here we report that transposon-based inactivation of lmo1930, one of the genes in the menaquinone biosynthesis operon, via transposon mutagenesis severely impaired the ability of L. monocytogenes to grow in the presence of lithium chloride or hydrolyze esculin, and conferred reduced growth and colony size. All phenotypes were restored upon genetic complementation. Thus, strains of L. monocytogenes with mutations leading to inactivation of lmo1930 may evade many commonly-used selective enrichment protocols employed in the detection of L. monocytogenes.

scholarly journals A Novel Selective Medium for Isolation of Bacteroides fragilis from Clinical Specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pak-Leung Ho ◽  
Lok-Yan Ho ◽  
Chong-Yee Yau ◽  
Man-Ki Tong ◽  
Kin-Hung Chow
Keyword(s):  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Prospective Comparison ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

ABSTRACTA novelBacteroides fragilisselective (BFS) medium, consisting of a brain heart infusion agar base supplemented with yeast extract, cysteine hydrochloride, bile salts, vitamin K, hemin, glucose, esculin, ferric ammonium citrate, bromothymol blue, gentamicin, kanamycin, and novobiocin, was evaluated. When BFS agar was tested with a collection of 303 bacteria of different genera, it allowed the growth ofB. fragilisas large yellow colonies, with blackening of the medium after 48 h of anaerobic incubation, while the growth of most other anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, and aerobes was inhibited. In a prospective comparison of BFS agar with a routinely used medium (neomycin blood agar) in 1,209 clinical specimens, 60B. fragilisbacteria were detected on BFS agar while 46 were detected on the routine agar (McNemar's test,P= 0.008). In conclusion, this novel medium may be added to improve the recovery ofB. fragilisin clinical specimens and to facilitate surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant strains.

scholarly journals A study on the aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulphate and ferric ammonium citrate, among the rural anaemic women, in the Indian spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751
Author(s):  
Moumita Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferrous Fumarate ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

Background: Anaemia is a global health concern, associated with increased maternal and perinatal mortality, preterm delivery, low birth weight, extreme fatigue and impaired immune system; and controlled by oral haematinics; with a rise in haemoglobin concentration. The objective was to examine the various aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of oral haematinics, among the anaemic women population, in rural India.Methods: This was a multi-centre, retrospective, observational and analytical study of the hospital medical records of 250 anaemic patients, who were allocated into group A of 125 patients within 15-21 years and group B of 125 patients within 22-35 years. The patients were prescribed oral haematinics, containing 60 mg of elemental iron, thrice daily, with meals. The various aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate and ferric ammonium citrate, including patients’ demographic characteristics, anaemic symptoms assessment, prescription patterns, and safety assessment, on 1st, 2nd, 3rd months and follow-up visits, were recorded and thoroughly analysed..Results: In groups A and B, the demographic characteristics of the patients were comparable; ferrous ascorbate was the most commonly prescribed oral haematinic, followed by ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate and ferric ammonium citrate, which controlled mild to moderate iron deficiency anaemia, with a gradual significant rise in haemoglobin concentration, in the successive 3 months; and adverse effects were observed to be statistically non-significant in either group.Conclusions: The different aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance in the study established that the oral haematinics were reasonably beneficial and safe among the anaemic women population, in rural India.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN ORAL AND INJECTABLE IRON PREPARATIONS ON THE BLOOD OF BABY PIGS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Doornenbal
Keyword(s):  
Oral Iron ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Iron Dextran ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
Iron Sulphate

Haemoglobin levels, haematocrit values and erythrocyte counts were determined at weekly intervals from 3 to 45 days of age for 60 pigs which received iron in the form of: injectable iron-dextran (A); injectable iron-dextran (B); injectable ferric ammonium citrate; oral iron in the form of paste, or sods sprinkled with iron sulphate. The iron-dextran and ferric ammonium citrate compounds were administered at 3 days of age as single injections supplying 100 mgm. of iron and 30 mgm. of ferric ammonium citrate respectively. The paste was administered at 3, 10, 17 and 24 days of age. Sods were fed twice a week during the period of 3 days to 28 days of age.The sod treatment maintained normal blood values while the iron-dextran compounds and the paste resulted in values somewhat below normal, although visible evidence of anaemia was not apparent. Blood values for the group receiving ferric ammonium citrate were extremely low and two pigs on this treatment died at 42 and 60 days of age. Both exhibited severe anaemia.Significant differences were obtained in weaning weights. The heaviest pigs were those receiving sods; the lightest pigs those receiving injectable ferric ammonium citrate. The effect of the different treatments on growth was not apparent until after 21 days of age.

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