scholarly journals NKG2C+ NK Cells Are Enriched in AIDS Patients with Advanced-Stage Kaposi's Sarcoma

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. Goodier ◽  
C. M. Mela ◽  
A. Steel ◽  
B. Gazzard ◽  
M. Bower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Aids Clinical Trial Group ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Positive Target ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining condition in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. We investigated the phenotype and function of the NKG2C+ NK cell population in individuals with AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma. The staging of AIDS KS patients according to the AIDS Clinical Trial Group criteria revealed that patients with the S1 disease stage have a significantly higher proportion of NKG2C+ cells than those with the S0 disease stage. NKG2C+ cells from S1-stage patients are highly enriched for the expression of KIR3DL1, are depleted of NKp46, and respond poorly to major histocompatibility complex class I-positive target cells. These data demonstrate a link between NK cell phenotype and function and disease prognosis in AIDS.

scholarly journals Interleukin-8 and Growth-Regulated Oncogene Alpha Mediate Angiogenesis in Kaposi's Sarcoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (22) ◽  
pp. 11570-11583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Lane ◽  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
Paul J. Bock ◽  
Dominique Schols ◽  
Michael J. Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The development of the complex neoplasm Kaposi's sarcoma is dependent on infection with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and appears to be greatly enhanced by cytokines and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GRO-α) are chemokines involved in chemoattraction, neovascularization, and stimulation of HIV-1 replication. We have previously demonstrated that production of GRO-α is stimulated by exposure of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) to HIV-1. Here we show that exposure of MDM to HIV-1, viral Tat, or viral gp120 leads to a substantial increase in IL-8 production. We also demonstrate that IL-8 and GRO-α are induced by KSHV infection of endothelial cells and are crucial to the angiogenic phenotype developed by KSHV-infected endothelial cells in cell culture and upon implantation into SCID mice. Thus, the three known etiological factors in Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis—KSHV, HIV-1 Tat, and cellular growth factors—might be linked, in part, through induction of IL-8 and GRO-α.

scholarly journals Cellular Receptors Involved in KSHV Infection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Emma van der Meulen ◽  
Meg Anderton ◽  
Melissa J. Blumenthal ◽  
Georgia Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Kshv Infection

The process of Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpes Virus’ (KSHV) entry into target cells is complex and engages several viral glycoproteins which bind to a large range of host cell surface molecules. Receptors for KSHV include heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs), several integrins and Eph receptors, cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) and Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN). This diverse range of potential binding and entry sites allows KSHV to have a broad cell tropism, and entry into specific cells is dependent on the available receptor repertoire. Several molecules involved in KSHV entry have been well characterized, particularly those postulated to be associated with KSHV-associated pathologies such as Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS). In this review, KSHV infection of specific cell types pertinent to its pathogenesis will be comprehensively summarized with a focus on the specific cell surface binding and entry receptors KSHV exploits to gain access to a variety of cell types. Gaps in the current literature regarding understanding interactions between KSHV glycoproteins and cellular receptors in virus infection are identified which will lead to the development of virus infection intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Primary Gastrointestinal Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ignacio Zapata Laguado ◽  
Jorge Enrique Aponte Monsalve ◽  
Jorge Hernan Santos ◽  
Javier Preciado ◽  
Andres Mosquera Zamudio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Gastrointestinal bleeding in HIV patients secondary to coinfection by HHV8 and development of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare complication even if no skin lesions are detected on physical examination. This article indicates which patients might develop this type of clinical sign and also tries to recall that absence of skin lesions never rules out the presence of KS, especially if gastrointestinal involvement is documented. Gastrointestinal bleeding in terms of hematemesis has rarely been reported in the literature. We review some important clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment approach. We present the case of an HIV patient who presented to the emergency department with hematemesis and gastrointestinal signs of KS on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy without any dermatological involvement.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Kaposi’s Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus to Mortality in Hospitalized Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients Being Investigated for Tuberculosis in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J Blumenthal ◽  
Charlotte Schutz ◽  
David Barr ◽  
Michael Locketz ◽  
Vickie Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Castleman Disease ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Multicentric Castleman Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

AbstractBackgroundDespite increasing numbers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected South Africans receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of mortality. Approximately 25% of patients treated for TB have microbiologically unconfirmed diagnoses. We assessed whether elevated Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral load (VL) contributes to mortality in hospitalized HIV-infected patients investigated for TB.MethodsSix hundred eighty-two HIV-infected patients admitted to Khayelitsha Hospital, South Africa, were recruited, investigated for TB, and followed for 12 weeks. KSHV serostatus, peripheral blood KSHV-VL, and KSHV-associated clinical correlates were evaluated.ResultsMedian CD4 count was 62 (range, 0–526) cells/μL; KSHV seropositivity was 30.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27%–34%); 5.8% had detectable KSHV-VL (median, 199.1 [range, 13.4–2.2 × 106] copies/106 cells); 22% died. Elevated KSHV-VL was associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 6.5 [95% CI, 1.3–32.4]) in patients without TB or other microbiologically confirmed coinfections (n = 159). Six patients had “possible KSHV-inflammatory cytokine syndrome” (KICS): 5 died, representing significantly worse survival (P < .0001), and 1 patient was diagnosed with KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease at autopsy.ConclusionsGiven the association of mortality with elevated KSHV-VL in critically ill HIV-infected patients with suspected but not microbiologically confirmed TB, KSHV-VL and KICS criteria may guide diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation.

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