scholarly journals Role of Interleukin-2 and Herpes Simplex Virus 1 in Central Nervous System Demyelination in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (22) ◽  
pp. 12102-12109 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Mott ◽  
M. Zandian ◽  
S. J. Allen ◽  
H. Ghiasi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Central Nervous System Demyelination ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Glycoprotein E Is a Serological Antigen for Detection of Intrathecal Antibodies to VZV in Central Nervous System Infections, without Cross-Reaction to Herpes Simplex Virus 1

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1336-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grahn ◽  
Marie Studahl ◽  
Staffan Nilsson ◽  
Elisabeth Thomsson ◽  
Malin Bäckström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Glycoprotein E ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACTHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) cause serious central nervous system (CNS) diseases that are diagnosed with PCR using samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and, during later stages of such infections, with assays of intrathecal IgG antibody production. However, serological diagnoses have been hampered by cross-reactions between HSV-1 and VZV IgG antibodies and are commonly reported in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). In this study we have evaluated VZV glycoprotein E (gE) as a new antigen for serological diagnosis of VZV-induced CNS infections. Paired samples of CSF and serum from 29 patients with clinical diagnosis of VZV CNS infection (n= 15) or HSE (n= 14), all confirmed by PCR, were analyzed. VZV gE and whole VZV were compared as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for serological assays in which the CSF/serum sample pairs were diluted to identical IgG concentrations. With the gE antigen, none of the HSE patients showed intrathecal IgG antibodies against VZV, compared to those shown by 11/14 patients using whole-VZV antigen (P< 0.001). In the patients with VZV infections, significantly higher CSF/serum optical density (OD) ratios were found in the VZV patients using the VZV gE antigen compared to those found using the whole-VZV antigen (P= 0.001). These results show that gE is a sensitive antigen for serological diagnosis of VZV infections in the CNS and that this antigen was devoid of cross-reactivity to HSV-1 IgG in patients with HSE. We therefore propose that VZV gE can be used for serological discrimination of CNS infections caused by VZV and HSV-1.

scholarly journals Maternal Antiviral Immunoglobulin Accumulates in Neural Tissue of Neonates To Prevent HSV Neurological Disease

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yike Jiang ◽  
Chaya D. Patel ◽  
Richard Manivanh ◽  
Brian North ◽  
Iara M. Backes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Maternal Antibodies ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Maternal Immunization ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACT While antibody responses to neurovirulent pathogens are critical for clearance, the extent to which antibodies access the nervous system to ameliorate infection is poorly understood. In this study on herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), we demonstrate that HSV-specific antibodies are present during HSV-1 latency in the nervous systems of both mice and humans. We show that antibody-secreting cells entered the trigeminal ganglion (TG), a key site of HSV infection, and persisted long after the establishment of latent infection. We also demonstrate the ability of passively administered IgG to enter the TG independently of infection, showing that the naive TG is accessible to antibodies. The translational implication of this finding is that human fetal neural tissue could contain HSV-specific maternally derived antibodies. Exploring this possibility, we observed HSV-specific IgG in HSV DNA-negative human fetal TG, suggesting passive transfer of maternal immunity into the prenatal nervous system. To further investigate the role of maternal antibodies in the neonatal nervous system, we established a murine model to demonstrate that maternal IgG can access and persist in neonatal TG. This maternal antibody not only prevented disseminated infection but also completely protected the neonate from neurological disease and death following HSV challenge. Maternal antibodies therefore have a potent protective role in the neonatal nervous system against HSV infection. These findings strongly support the concept that prevention of prenatal and neonatal neurotropic infections can be achieved through maternal immunization. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 is a common infection of the nervous system that causes devastating neonatal disease. Using mouse and human tissue, we discovered that antiviral antibodies accumulate in neural tissue after HSV-1 infection in adults. Similarly, these antibodies pass to the offspring during pregnancy. We found that antiviral maternal antibodies can readily access neural tissue of the fetus and neonate. These maternal antibodies then protect neonatal mice against HSV-1 neurological infection and death. These results underscore the previously unappreciated role of maternal antibodies in protecting fetal and newborn nervous systems against infection. These data suggest that maternal immunization would be efficacious at preventing fetal/neonatal neurological infections. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 is a common infection of the nervous system that causes devastating neonatal disease. Using mouse and human tissue, we discovered that antiviral antibodies accumulate in neural tissue after HSV-1 infection in adults. Similarly, these antibodies pass to the offspring during pregnancy. We found that antiviral maternal antibodies can readily access neural tissue of the fetus and neonate. These maternal antibodies then protect neonatal mice against HSV-1 neurological infection and death. These results underscore the previously unappreciated role of maternal antibodies in protecting fetal and newborn nervous systems against infection. These data suggest that maternal immunization would be efficacious at preventing fetal/neonatal neurological infections.

scholarly journals Fatal Multiorgan Failure Associated with Disseminated Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Infection: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Glas ◽  
Sigrun Smola ◽  
Thorsten Pfuhl ◽  
Juliane Pokorny ◽  
Rainer M. Bohle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections cause typical dermal and mucosal lesions in children and adults. Also complications to the peripheral and central nervous system, pneumonia or hepatitis are well known. However, dissemination to viscera in adults is rare and predominantly observed in immunocompromised patients. Here we describe the case of a 70-year-old male admitted with macrohematuria and signs of acute infection and finally deceasing in a septic shock with multi organ failure 17 days after admission to intensive care unit. No bacterial or fungal infection could be detected during his stay, but only two days before death the patient showed signs of rectal, orolabial and genital herpes infection. The presence of HSV-1 was detected in swabs taken from the lesions, oropharyngeal fluid as well as in plasma. Post-mortem polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed a disseminated infection with HSV-1 involving various organs and tissues but excluding the central nervous system. Autopsy revealed a predominantly retroperitoneal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as the suspected origin of immunosuppression underlying herpes simplex dissemination.

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