scholarly journals Progesterone and glucocorticoid response elements occur in the long control regions of several human papillomaviruses involved in anogenital neoplasia.

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 3261-3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
W K Chan ◽  
G Klock ◽  
H U Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response Elements ◽  
Control Regions

scholarly journals The Glucose-6-Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit Gene Promoter Contains Both Positive and Negative Glucocorticoid Response Elements

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3001-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth T. Vander Kooi ◽  
Hiroshi Onuma ◽  
James K. Oeser ◽  
Christina A. Svitek ◽  
Shelley R. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Catalytic Subunit ◽  
Subunit Gene ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response Elements

Identification of two glucocorticoid response elements in the promoter region of the ubiquitous isoform of glutamine synthetase in gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. R1075-R1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Esbaugh ◽  
Patrick J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Luciferase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response Elements ◽  
Gulf Toadfish

Unlike most teleosts, gulf toadfish have the capacity to switch from ammoniotely to ureotely as the predominate means of nitrogen excretion during periods of stress. The switch to ureotely is a result of increased glutamine synthetase (GS) mRNA expression/enzyme activity in the liver and muscle, which is initiated by cortisol. Cortisol typically affects gene expression through the action of cortisol-activated transcription factors, such as glucocorticoid receptors, which bind to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the upstream regulatory region of genes. The purpose of the present study was to identify the GRE responsible for increased GS gene expression during crowding/confinement in gulf toadfish using an in vivo luciferase reporter assay. Upstream promoter regions for both the ubiquitous and gill GS isoforms were amplified by PCR. Additionally, an intron was amplified from the ubiquitous GS isoform that suggested the possibility of two discreet transcripts for the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins. When tested via in vivo reporter assays, both the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ubiquitous GS promoters showed increased luciferase activity during crowding vs. noncrowded controls; the gill GS promoter showed no effects in response to crowding. In silico analysis of the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ubiquitous GS promoter constructs showed an overlapping section of 565 bp containing two potential GREs. Mutation of either site alone had no effect on luciferase activity vs. wild-type controls. However, when both sites were mutated a significant decrease in luciferase activity was observed. We conclude that two functional GREs combine to confer cortisol-inducible GS expression in the liver of gulf toadfish.

scholarly journals Induction of the Upstream Regulatory Region of Human Papillomavirus Type 31 by Dexamethasone Is Differentiation Dependent

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 10975-10983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Bromberg-White ◽  
Ellora Sen ◽  
Samina Alam ◽  
Jason M. Bodily ◽  
Craig Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response Elements

ABSTRACT Glucocorticoids have been shown to play a role in the transforming abilities of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), and glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) have been identified in the upstream regulatory regions (URRs) of various HPV types. These findings have made glucocorticoids potential therapeutic targets for HPV infection. We have previously shown that the URR of HPV type 31 (HPV31) is insensitive to induction by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex) in monolayer culture, despite the identification of three potential GREs in the 5′ region of the URR. Due to the fact that the HPV life cycle is intimately linked to the differentiation of the host tissue, we chose to determine whether the URR of HPV31 was inducible by dex under differentiating conditions. Upon suspension of cells in a semisolid medium of methylcellulose, we found that the URR of HPV31 was inducible by dex. The three GREs appear to play roles as independent repressors of this inducibility. By 5′ deletion analysis, the element(s) responsible for this induction was localized to nucleotides (nt) 7238 to 7557. Furthermore, we found that the region between nt 7883 and 7900 appears to act as a repressor of dex inducibility. These findings indicate that epithelial differentiation has a profound effect on the action of dex on the URR of HPV31, suggesting that glucocorticoids play an important role in the differentiation-dependent life cycle of HPV.

scholarly journals The permissive role of glucocorticoids on interleukin-1 stimulation of angiotensinogen gene transcription is mediated by an interaction between inducible enhancers.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4389-4395 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ron ◽  
A R Brasier ◽  
K A Wright ◽  
J F Habener
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response Elements ◽  
Permissive Role

The acute-phase activation of the rat angiotensinogen (rAT) gene in liver cells is a transcriptional event mediated through an interleukin-1-inducible, NF kappa B-binding, cis-acting element (the acute-phase response element [APRE]). Using a cell culture model for the acute-phase response, we showed that the increase in angiotensionogen mRNA in H35 rat hepatoma cells requires costimulation with glucocorticoids and cytokines. Stably transfected rAT promoter-luciferase reporter genes were also activated by cytokines only in the presence of glucocorticoids. This permissive role of glucocorticoids is dependent on the expression of functional glucocorticoid receptors, because in HepG2 cells naturally deficient in such receptors, rAT gene-luciferase reporter constructs responded to interleukin-1 only when cotransfected with an expression vector for the glucocorticoid receptor. Point mutations in the two rAT gene glucocorticoid response elements located adjacent to the APRE led to loss of interleukin-1 inducibility. Induction of luciferase activity in transfected cells occurred even in the presence of cycloheximide, demonstrating that this synergistic response did not depend on new protein synthesis. Thus, a direct interaction between the interleukin-1-inducible NF kappa B-binding APRE and glucocorticoid response elements, located in cis, underlies the acute-phase activation of the rAT gene.

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