scholarly journals Discovery of a Novel Murine Type C Retrovirus by Data Mining

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 3053-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindell Bromham ◽  
Francis Clark ◽  
Jeff J. McKee
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Recombinant Type ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Type C ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT Analysis of genomic and expression data allows both identification and characterization of novel retroviruses. We describe a recombinant type C murine retrovirus, similar to the Mus dunni endogenous retrovirus, with VL30-like long terminal repeats and murine leukemia virus-like coding sequences. This virus is present in multiple copies in the mouse genome and expressed in a range of mouse tissues.

scholarly journals Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K14 Families: Status, Variants, Evolution, and Mobilization of Other Cellular Sequences

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 2941-2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Flockerzi ◽  
Stefan Burkhardt ◽  
Werner Schempp ◽  
Eckart Meese ◽  
Jens Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Consensus Sequences

ABSTRACT The human genome harbors many distinct families of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) that stem from exogenous retroviruses that infected the germ line millions of years ago. Many HERV families remain to be investigated. We report in the present study the detailed characterization of the HERV-K14I and HERV-K14CI families as they are represented in the human genome. Most of the 68 HERV-K14I and 23 HERV-K14CI proviruses are severely mutated, frequently displaying uniform deletions of retroviral genes and long terminal repeats (LTRs). Both HERV families entered the germ line ∼39 million years ago, as evidenced by homologous sequences in hominoids and Old World primates and calculation of evolutionary ages based on a molecular clock. Proviruses of both families were formed during a brief period. A majority of HERV-K14CI proviruses on the Y chromosome mimic a higher evolutionary age, showing that LTR-LTR divergence data can indicate false ages. Fully translatable consensus sequences encoding major retroviral proteins were generated. Most HERV-K14I loci lack an env gene and are structurally reminiscent of LTR retrotransposons. A minority of HERV-K14I variants display an env gene. HERV-K14I proviruses are associated with three distinct LTR families, while HERV-K14CI is associated with a single LTR family. Hybrid proviruses consisting of HERV-K14I and HERV-W sequences that appear to have produced provirus progeny in the genome were detected. Several HERV-K14I proviruses harbor TRPC6 mRNA portions, exemplifying mobilization of cellular transcripts by HERVs. Our analysis contributes essential information on two more HERV families and on the biology of HERV sequences in general.

scholarly journals Structure and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Endogenous Retrovirus Inserted into the Human Growth Factor Gene Pleiotrophin

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 6065-6072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke M. Schulte ◽  
Anton Wellstein
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Growth Factor Gene ◽  
Trna Primer ◽  
Type C

ABSTRACT A human endogenous retrovirus-like element (HERV), flanked by long terminal repeats of 502 and 495 nucleotides is inserted into the human pleiotrophin (PTN) gene upstream of the open reading frame. Based on its Glu-tRNA primer binding site specificity and the location within the PTN gene, we named this element HERV-E.PTN. HERV-E.PTN appears to be a recombined viral element based on its high homology (70 to 86%) in distinct areas to members of two distantly related HERV type C families, HERV-E and retrovirus-like element I (RTVL-I). Furthermore, its pseudogene region is organized from 5′ to 3′ into gag-,pol-, env-, pol-,env-similar sequences. Interestingly, full-length and partial HERV-E.PTN-homologous sequences were found in the human X chromosome, the human hereditary haemochromatosis region, and the BRCA1 pseudogene. Finally, Southern analyses indicate that the HERV-E.PTN element is present in the PTN gene of humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas but not of rhesus monkeys, suggesting that genomic insertion occurred after the separation of monkeys and apes about 25 million years ago.

scholarly journals Evolution and Characterization of Tetraonine Endogenous Retrovirus: a New Virus Related to Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis Viruses

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 2002-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek E. Dimcheff ◽  
Mallika Krishnan ◽  
David P. Mindell
Keyword(s):  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Bonasa Umbellus ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Proviral Sequence ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Avian Sarcoma

ABSTRACT In a previous study, we found avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV) gag genes in 19 species of birds in the order Galliformes including all grouse and ptarmigan (Tetraoninae) surveyed. Our data suggested that retroviruses had been transmitted horizontally among some host species. To further investigate these elements, we sequenced a replication-defective retrovirus, here named tetraonine endogenous retrovirus (TERV), from Bonasa umbellus (ruffed grouse). This is the first report of a complete, replication-defective ASLV provirus sequence from any bird other than the domestic chicken. We found a replication-defective proviral sequence consisting of putative Gag and Env proteins flanked by long terminal repeats. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that retroviral gagsequences closely related to TERV are transcribed, supporting the hypothesis that TERV is an active endogenous retrovirus. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that TERV may have arisen via recombination between different retroviral lineages infecting birds. Southern blotting usinggag probes showed that TERV occurs in tetraonines but not in chickens or ducks, suggesting that integration occurred after the earliest phasianid divergences but prior to the radiation of tetraonine birds.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of an Exogenous Retrovirus from Atlantic Salmon Swim Bladder Sarcomas

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 2941-2948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Paul ◽  
Sandra L. Quackenbush ◽  
Claudia Sutton ◽  
Rufina N. Casey ◽  
Paul R. Bowser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Integration Pattern ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Trna Primer ◽  
Sarcoma Virus

ABSTRACT A novel piscine retrovirus has been identified in association with an outbreak of leiomyosarcoma in the swim bladders of Atlantic salmon. The complete nucleotide sequence of the Atlantic salmon swim bladder sarcoma virus (SSSV) provirus is 10.9 kb in length and shares a structure and transcriptional profile similar to those of murine leukemia virus-like simple retroviruses. SSSV appears unique to simple retroviruses by not harboring sequences in the Atlantic salmon genome. Additionally, SSSV differs from other retroviruses in potentially utilizing a methionine tRNA primer binding site. SSSV-associated tumors contain high proviral copy numbers (greater than 30 per cell) and a polyclonal integration pattern. Phylogenetic analysis based on reverse transcriptase places SSSV with zebrafish endogenous retrovirus (ZFERV) between the Gammaretrovirus and Epsilonretrovirus genera. Large regions of continuous homology between SSSV and ZFERV Gag, Pol, and Env suggest that these viruses represent a new group of related piscine retroviruses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document