scholarly journals The Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome III left telomere has a type X, but not a type Y', ARS region.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1352-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
L L Button ◽  
C R Astell
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Telomeric Region ◽  
Chromosome Walking ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Simple Tandem Repeat ◽  
Sali Fragment ◽  
Chromosome Iii

A yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeric region was isolated by chromosome walking from HML alpha, the most distal known gene on the chromosome III left (IIIL) end. The terminal heterodisperse 3.3-kilobase (kb) SalI fragment on chromosome IIIL, 8.6 kb distal to HML alpha, was cloned in a circular vector to generate a telomeric probe. Southern hybridization and DNA sequencing analyses indicated that 0.6 kb (+/- 200 base pairs) of 5'-C1-3A-3' simple tandem repeat sequence, adjacent to a 1.2-kb type X ARS region, constitutes the telomere on the chromosome IIIL end, and no type Y' ARS region homologies exist between HML alpha and the IIIL terminus.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome III left telomere has a type X, but not a type Y', ARS region

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1352-1356
Author(s):  
L L Button ◽  
C R Astell
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Telomeric Region ◽  
Chromosome Walking ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Simple Tandem Repeat ◽  
Sali Fragment ◽  
Chromosome Iii

A yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeric region was isolated by chromosome walking from HML alpha, the most distal known gene on the chromosome III left (IIIL) end. The terminal heterodisperse 3.3-kilobase (kb) SalI fragment on chromosome IIIL, 8.6 kb distal to HML alpha, was cloned in a circular vector to generate a telomeric probe. Southern hybridization and DNA sequencing analyses indicated that 0.6 kb (+/- 200 base pairs) of 5'-C1-3A-3' simple tandem repeat sequence, adjacent to a 1.2-kb type X ARS region, constitutes the telomere on the chromosome IIIL end, and no type Y' ARS region homologies exist between HML alpha and the IIIL terminus.

scholarly journals Alterations in the adenine-plus-thymine-rich region of CEN3 affect centromere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gaudet ◽  
M Fitzgerald-Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Sequence Elements ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Chromosome Iii

Centromere DNA from 11 of the 16 chromosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been analyzed and reveal three sequence elements common to each centromere, referred to as conserved centromere DNA elements (CDE). The adenine-plus-thymine (A + T)-rich central core element, CDE II, is flanked by two short conserved sequences, CDE I (8 base pairs [bp]) and CDE III (25 bp). Although no consensus sequence exists among the different CDE II regions, they do have three common features of sequence organization. First, the CDE II regions are similar in length, ranging from 78 to 86 bp measured from CDE I to the left boundary of CDE III. Second, the base composition is always greater than 90% A + T. Finally, the A and T residues in these segments are often arranged in runs of A and runs of T residues, sometimes with six or seven bases in a stretch. We constructed insertion, deletion, and replacement mutations in the CDE II region of the centromere from chromosome III, CEN3, designed to investigate the length and sequence requirements for function of the CDE II region of the centromere. We analyzed the effect of these altered centromeres on plasmid and chromosome segregation in S. cerevisiae. Our results show that increasing the length of CDE II from 84 to 154 bp causes a 100-fold increase in chromosome nondisjunction. Deletion mutations removing segments of the A + T-rich CDE II DNA also cause aberrant segregation. In some cases partial function could be restored by replacing the deleted DNA with fragments whose primary sequence or base composition is very different from that of the wild-type CDE II DNA. In addition, we found that identical mutations introduced into different positions in CDE II have very similar effects.

Alterations in the adenine-plus-thymine-rich region of CEN3 affect centromere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
A Gaudet ◽  
M Fitzgerald-Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Sequence Elements ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Chromosome Iii

Centromere DNA from 11 of the 16 chromosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been analyzed and reveal three sequence elements common to each centromere, referred to as conserved centromere DNA elements (CDE). The adenine-plus-thymine (A + T)-rich central core element, CDE II, is flanked by two short conserved sequences, CDE I (8 base pairs [bp]) and CDE III (25 bp). Although no consensus sequence exists among the different CDE II regions, they do have three common features of sequence organization. First, the CDE II regions are similar in length, ranging from 78 to 86 bp measured from CDE I to the left boundary of CDE III. Second, the base composition is always greater than 90% A + T. Finally, the A and T residues in these segments are often arranged in runs of A and runs of T residues, sometimes with six or seven bases in a stretch. We constructed insertion, deletion, and replacement mutations in the CDE II region of the centromere from chromosome III, CEN3, designed to investigate the length and sequence requirements for function of the CDE II region of the centromere. We analyzed the effect of these altered centromeres on plasmid and chromosome segregation in S. cerevisiae. Our results show that increasing the length of CDE II from 84 to 154 bp causes a 100-fold increase in chromosome nondisjunction. Deletion mutations removing segments of the A + T-rich CDE II DNA also cause aberrant segregation. In some cases partial function could be restored by replacing the deleted DNA with fragments whose primary sequence or base composition is very different from that of the wild-type CDE II DNA. In addition, we found that identical mutations introduced into different positions in CDE II have very similar effects.

scholarly journals Nonrecombinant meiosis I nondisjunction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by tRNA ochre suppressors.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Louis ◽  
J E Haber
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Nonsense Mutations ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Meiosis I ◽  
Chromosome Nondisjunction

Abstract The presence of the tRNA ochre suppressors SUP11 and SUP5 is found to induce meiosis I nondisjunction in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The induction increases with increasing dosage of the suppressor and decreases in the presence of an antisuppressor. The effect is independent of the chromosomal location of SUP11. Each of five different chromosomes monitored exhibited nondisjunction at frequencies of 0.1%-1.1% of random spores, which is a 16-160-fold increase over wild-type levels. Increased nondisjunction is reflected by a marked increase in tetrads with two and zero viable spores. In the case of chromosome III, for which a 50-cM map interval was monitored, the resulting disomes are all in the parental nonrecombinant configuration. Recombination along chromosome III appears normal both in meioses that have no nondisjunction and in meioses for which there was nondisjunction of another chromosome. We propose that a proportion of one or more proteins involved in chromosome pairing, recombination or segregation are aberrant due to translational read-through of the normal ochre stop codon. Hygromycin B, an antibiotic that can suppress nonsense mutations via translational read-through, also induces nonrecombinant meiosis I nondisjunction. Increases in mistranslation, therefore, increase the production of aneuploids during meiosis. There was no observable effect of SUP11 on mitotic chromosome nondisjunction; however some disomes caused SUP11 ade2-ochre strains to appear white or red, instead of pink.

Expansions and contractions of the genetic map relative to the physical map of yeast chromosome III

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-604
Author(s):  
L S Symington ◽  
T D Petes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Maps ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
The Relationship

To examine the relationship between genetic and physical chromosome maps, we constructed a diploid strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterozygous for 12 restriction site mutations within a 23-kilobase (5-centimorgan) interval of chromosome III. Crossovers were not uniformly distributed along the chromosome, one interval containing significantly more and one interval significantly fewer crossovers than expected. One-third of these crossovers occurred within 6 kilobases of the centromere. Approximately half of the exchanges were associated with gene conversion events. The minimum length of gene conversion tracts varied from 4 base pairs to more than 12 kilobases, and these tracts were nonuniformly distributed along the chromosome. We conclude that the chromosomal sequence or structure has a dramatic effect on meiotic recombination.

scholarly journals DNA SEQUENCES OF FRAMESHIFT AND OTHER MUTATIONS INDUCED BY ICR-170 IN YEAST

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Joachim F Ernst ◽  
D Michael Hampsey ◽  
Fred Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Frameshift Mutations

ABSTRACT ICR-170-induced mutations in the CYC1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated by genetic and DNA sequence analyses. Genetic analysis of 33 cyc1 mutations induced by ICR-170 and sequence analysis of eight representatives demonstrated that over one-third were frameshift mutations that occurred at one site corresponding to amino acid positions 29-30, whereas the remaining mutations were distributed more-or-less randomly, and a few of these were not frameshift mutations. The sequence results indicate that ICR-170 primarily induces G·C additions at sites containing monotonous runs of three G·C base pairs. However, some (see PDF) sites within the CYC1 gene were not mutated by ICR-170. Thus, ICR-170 is a relatively specific mutagen that preferentially acts on certain sites with monotonous runs of G·C base pairs.

scholarly journals Expansions and contractions of the genetic map relative to the physical map of yeast chromosome III.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
L S Symington ◽  
T D Petes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Maps ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
The Relationship

To examine the relationship between genetic and physical chromosome maps, we constructed a diploid strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterozygous for 12 restriction site mutations within a 23-kilobase (5-centimorgan) interval of chromosome III. Crossovers were not uniformly distributed along the chromosome, one interval containing significantly more and one interval significantly fewer crossovers than expected. One-third of these crossovers occurred within 6 kilobases of the centromere. Approximately half of the exchanges were associated with gene conversion events. The minimum length of gene conversion tracts varied from 4 base pairs to more than 12 kilobases, and these tracts were nonuniformly distributed along the chromosome. We conclude that the chromosomal sequence or structure has a dramatic effect on meiotic recombination.

scholarly journals Differential mismatch repair can explain the disproportionalities between physical distances and recombination frequencies of cyc1 mutations in yeast.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
C W Moore ◽  
D M Hampsey ◽  
J F Ernst ◽  
F Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mismatch Repair ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Mitotic Recombination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mismatched Base Pair

Abstract Recombination rates have been examined in two-point crosses of various defined cyc1 mutations that cause the loss or nonfunction of iso-1-cytochrome c in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recombinants arising by three different means were investigated, including X-ray induced mitotic recombination, spontaneous mitotic recombination, and meiotic recombination. Heteroallelic diploid strains were derived by crossing cyc1 mutants containing a series of alterations at or near the same site to cyc1 mutants containing alterations at various distances. Marked disproportionalities between physical distances and recombination frequencies were observed with certain cyc1 mutations, indicating that certain mismatched bases can significantly affect recombination. The marker effects were more pronounced when the two mutational sites of the heteroalleles were within about 20 base pairs, but separated by at least 4 base pairs. Two alleles, cyc1-163 and cyc1-166, which arose by G.C----C.G transversions at nucleotide positions 3 and 194, respectively, gave rise to especially high rates of recombination. Other mutations having different substitutions at the same nucleotide positions were not associated with abnormally high recombination frequencies. We suggest that these marker effects are due to the lack of repair of either G/G or C/C mismatched base pairs, while the other mismatched base pair of the heteroallele undergoes substantial repair. Furthermore, we suggest that diminished recombination frequencies are due to the concomitant repair of both mismatches within the same DNA tract.

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