AAM Report Cites Progress in Assessing Drinking Water Microbial Risks

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 586-587
Author(s):  
Merry R. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Risks

scholarly journals Microbial Risks in Household UF Purifiers and Disinfection Strategy with Electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Yucheng Chen ◽  
Jian-nan Fu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Xiaoying Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Hygienic Standard ◽  
Microbial Risks

The research studied microbial deterioration in household ultrafiltration membrane (UF) purifiers with residence time and anti-bacterial strategy with electrolysis. The pilot test was conducted on a household drinking water purifier. A 72-h stagnation test and a 60-min anti-bacterial test with electrolysis were subsequently done. There were some findings in this study: (1) The level of HPC exceeded the hygienic standard when the stagnation time was more than 3 h. (2) The lag phase of bacterial growth was no more than 12 h in filters. (3) With the method of electrolysis, microbial contamination induced by water stagnation can be controlled in the acceptable range, which was more efficient than the method of flushing with tap water.

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to support decisions for water supply in affluent and developing countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. M. H. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Microbial Risks

Abstract Providing microbially safe water is a main goal of water supply to prevent endemic waterborne disease and outbreaks. Since increasing the level of safety requires resources, it is important to identify most relevant risks and efficient ways to reach health-based targets. Over the past decades, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) developed into a systematic, science-based approach to assess microbial risks through drinking water supply. In this study we present the QMRA approach and how it can be used to support decisions in both affluent and developing countries. This includes examples from the statutory QMRA in the Netherlands that led to efficient and effective improvements in water supply, not only in treatment, but also in monitoring and operation. In developing countries people often need to use various sources of drinking water. We will demonstrate how QMRA can help to improve insight in the relative risks of these routes and the effect of interventions.

A systems analysis comparing drinking water systems - central physical-chemical treatment and local membrane filtration

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Westrell ◽  
O. Bergstedt ◽  
G. Heinicke ◽  
E. Kärrman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
One Step ◽  
Microbial Risks ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

This paper presents a first attempt at an integrated systems analysis of drinking water systems using Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA) and Material Flow Analysis (MFA) with focus on the comparison of central physical-chemical treatment (conventional system) and local membrane filtration. The MFA shows that energy use is the most significant environmental impact of the three studied drinking water systems, but there are no considerable differences in energy use comparing central physical-chemical treatment and local membrane filtration. According to the MRA, the conventional system might not reduce the microbial risks sufficiently, but such a reduction can not confidently be achieved in a one-step ultrafiltration system either, since membrane filter integrity can hardly be guaranteed over the service life of the equipment. A quite costly two-step membrane filtration system, where water for all household purposes passes microfiltration and further reverse osmosis for drinking and cooking, seems to fulfil this criterion. On the other hand, this system does not reduce the microbial risks from ingestion of water from showers compared with the one-step ultrafiltration alternative. In order to achieve drinking water systems with sufficient microbial barriers and with reasonable costs for operation, a promising solution seems to be a combination of one-step membrane filtration and other methods e.g. biological treatment.

scholarly journals QMRA and water safety management: review of application in drinking water systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Petterson ◽  
N. J. Ashbolt
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Microbial Risks ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), the assessment of microbial risks when model inputs and estimated health impacts are explicitly quantified, is a valuable tool to support water safety plans (WSP). In this paper, research studies undertaken on the application of QMRA in drinking water systems were reviewed, highlighting their relevance for WSP. The important elements for practical implementation include: the data requirements to achieve sufficient certainty to support decision-making; level of expertise necessary to undertake the required analysis; and the accessibility of tools to support wider implementation, hence these aspects were the focus of the review. Recommendations to support the continued and growing application of QMRA to support risk management in the water sector are provided.

Habitat Association of Klebsiella Species

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polluted Waters

AbstractThe genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that “K. pneumoniae” actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae—humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca—frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena— unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola—sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis—infrequently detected (primarily with humans).

Nanotube-Based Filter Cleans Drinking Water

2011 ◽  
pp. 030811072845
Author(s):  
Emily Gertz
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water
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