scholarly journals Interactions between Human Gut Microbiome Dynamics and Sub-Optimal Health Symptoms during Seafaring Expeditions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Sun ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Yogendra Bhaskar ◽  
Jinshan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Important Health

Systemic and chronic diseases are important health problems today and have been proven to be strongly associated with dysbiotic gut microbiome. Studying the association between the gut microbiome and sub-optimal health status of humans in extreme environments (such as ocean voyages) will give us a better understanding of the interactions between observable health signs and a stable versus dysbiotic gut microbiome states.

scholarly journals Microbial Signature of Ocean-Going Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Sun ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Jinshan Zhao ◽  
Youran Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Optimal Health

Abstract Background and aims: During ocean-going voyages, crew members are subject to complex pressures from their living and working environment, which leads to a sub-optimal health status. Although abnormal defecation was observed during voyages, the associations between the gut microbiome and the symptoms are still unclear. Methods: Associations between the gut microbiome and the health status of 77 crew members during a 135 day-long ocean-going voyage were evaluated using shotgun metagenomics of stool samples and health questionnaires (with 24 physical and psychological indicators) taken before and after the voyage.Results: The co-appearance of symptoms e.g. abnormal defecation frequency, insomnia, shallow sleep, nausea and over-eating best described the sub-optimal health status of the majority of crew members, and we named this as ‘Ocean-Going Syndrome (OGS)’. The OGS, instead of any single symptom, has a significant effect on the gut microbiome, and it was proved to be a key factor for individual perturbation in the gut microbiome during the voyage. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a different microbial dynamic between the OGS and non-OGS crews, and the variation of 19 bacterial species and 31 gene families were identified as microbial signature for the OGS. Moreover, using a Random Forest model, the OGS can be predicted with a high accuracy (AUC=0.91) based on 27 biomarkers from pre-voyage samples. Conclusions: Understanding associations between the gut microbiome and health status under extreme environments could help us discover potential predictors or even therapeutic targets for dysbacteriosis related diseases.

Methotrexate-Induced Shifts in the Human Gut Microbiome Decrease Immune Activation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka R. Nayak ◽  
Margaret Alexander ◽  
Ishani Deshpande ◽  
Kye Stapleton-Grey ◽  
Carles Ubeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome

scholarly journals Taxonomic signatures of cause-specific mortality risk in human gut microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaro Salosensaari ◽  
Ville Laitinen ◽  
Aki S. Havulinna ◽  
Guillaume Meric ◽  
Susan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sequencing Technologies

AbstractThe collection of fecal material and developments in sequencing technologies have enabled standardised and non-invasive gut microbiome profiling. Microbiome composition from several large cohorts have been cross-sectionally linked to various lifestyle factors and diseases. In spite of these advances, prospective associations between microbiome composition and health have remained uncharacterised due to the lack of sufficiently large and representative population cohorts with comprehensive follow-up data. Here, we analyse the long-term association between gut microbiome variation and mortality in a well-phenotyped and representative population cohort from Finland (n = 7211). We report robust taxonomic and functional microbiome signatures related to the Enterobacteriaceae family that are associated with mortality risk during a 15-year follow-up. Our results extend previous cross-sectional studies, and help to establish the basis for examining long-term associations between human gut microbiome composition, incident outcomes, and general health status.

scholarly journals The seasonal changes of the gut microbiome of the population living in traditional lifestyles are represented by characteristic species-level and functional-level SNP enrichment patterns

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhu ◽  
Jiyue Qin ◽  
Chongyang Tan ◽  
Kang Ning
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Prevalent Species

Abstract Background Most studies investigating human gut microbiome dynamics are conducted on humans living in an urban setting. However, few studies have researched the gut microbiome of the populations living traditional lifestyles. These understudied populations are arguably better subjects in answering human-gut microbiome evolution because of their lower exposure to antibiotics and higher dependence on natural resources. Hadza hunter-gatherers in Tanzania have exhibited high biodiversity and seasonal patterns in their gut microbiome composition at the family level, where some taxa disappear in one season and reappear later. Such seasonal changes have been profiled, but the nucleotide changes remain unexplored at the genome level. Thus, it is still elusive how microbial communities change with seasonal changes at the genome level. Results In this study, we performed a strain-level single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis on 40 Hadza fecal metagenome samples spanning three seasons. With more SNP presented in the wet season, eight prevalent species have significant SNP enrichment with the increasing number of SNP calling by VarScan2, among which only three species have relatively high abundances. Eighty-three genes have the most SNP distributions between the wet season and dry season. Many of these genes are derived from Ruminococcus obeum, and mainly participated in metabolic pathways including carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and glycolysis. Conclusions Eight prevalent species have significant SNP enrichments with the increasing number of SNP, among which only Eubacterium biforme, Eubacterium hallii and Ruminococcus obeum have relatively high species abundances. Many genes in the microbiomes also presented characteristic SNP distributions between the wet season and the dry season. This implies that the seasonal changes might indirectly impact the mutation patterns for specific species and functions for the gut microbiome of the population that lives in traditional lifestyles through changing the diet in wet and dry seasons, indicating the role of these variants in these species’ adaptation to the changing environment and diets.

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