DRAINAGE BASIN OUTLINE COMPLEXITY IN THE WATERSHEDS OF THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK SHOW LITTLE CORRELATION WITH BASIN RELIEF

Apart from Acocks (1988) there are no published descriptions of the vegetation of the greater Tanqua and Doring River drainage basin (Bayer et al. 1993). A botanical and physical description of the Tankwa- Karoo National Park (TKRNP) which occurs in Veldtype 31b (Acocks 1988) is provided. The three dominant geological formations, older glacigenic deposits of the Dwyka Group, followed by the succession of siliciclas- tic sediments of the Permian Ecca Group, with flat dolerite sills and dykes, underlie eight distinct plant communities. The plant communities can be divided into large open plains dominated by Galenia africana and Tripteris sp. in the erosion rills, Malephora luteola and Augea capensis common in the low lying areas and Zygophyllum microcarpum, Brownanthus ciliatus and Galenia crystallina common on the more shaly concave plains and low shale hills. Slightly elevated rocky areas are dominated by Ruschia cf. robusta, Ruschia spinosa communities, while crusts of stemless mesembs such as Rhinephyllum macra denium, Hereroa fimbriata and Cheiridopsis acuminata are found on the desert paved areas. Annual Asteraceae covers all the denuded and sparsely vegetated areas after good winter rains while annual mesembs colonise on the more sodic sites. A total of 259 plant species were collected sporadically over a period of eight years, this includes 65 succulents and seven species endemic to the Tanqua Karoo and immediate adjacent area of the Roggeveld Mountain Range and Sutherland. Four Tanqua Karoo endemic species were found in the park.

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Ecological distribution of stream macroalgal communities from a drainage basin in the Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842003000400010 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 635-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

O. Necchi-Júnior ◽

L. H. Z. Branco ◽

C. C. Z. Branco

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

New Records ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Ecological Distribution ◽

Water Color ◽

Patchy Distribution ◽

Rocky Substratum ◽

Lotic Ecosystem ◽

Stream Macroalgae

Twelve stream segments were sampled four times in 1998-1999 (one sampling per season) in the drainage basin of the upper São Francisco River (19º45'-21º25'S, 49º05'-51º30'W), situated in Serra da Canastra National Park, at altitudes ranging from 1,175 to 1,400 m. The macroalgae survey resulted in 30 species, with a predominance of Cyanophyta (12 species = 40%) and Chlorophyta (11 species = 36.5%) and a lower proportion of Rhodophyta (seven species = 23.5%). Two species, Klebsormidium rivulare (Chlorophyta) and Kyliniella latvica (Rhodophyta), were new records for Brazil. Capsosira sp. and Stigonema sp. (Cyanophyta) and the "Chantransia" stage of Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta) were the most widespread macroalgae, occurring in six sampling sites, whereas 11 species were found at only one site. The proportion of macroalgal morphological types were as follows: mats (33%), free filaments (27%), gelatinous filaments (27%), crusts (7%), tufts (3%), and gelatinous colonies (3%). The flora revealed few species in common (4%-8%) with stream macroalgae from other Brazilian regions. The macroalgal communities proved to have species richness values close to the highest values reported in previous studies. The patterns typical for stream macroalgal communities (patchy distribution and dominance of few species) were also found in this basin. However, the stream variables most influential in macroalgal distribution in this study (rocky substratum, low pH, high COD, water color, and current velocity) were essentially the same that best describe the limnological characteristics of this lotic ecosystem. In addition, this combination of variables differed sharply from results of previous studies in other Brazilian stream ecosystems.

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A record of post-glacial moraine deposition and tephra stratigraphy from Otokomi Lake, Rose Basin, Glacier National Park, Montana

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e06-001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 447-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Matthew MacLeod ◽

Gerald Osborn ◽

Ian Spooner

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Younger Dryas ◽

Glacier National Park ◽

Before Present ◽

Loss On Ignition ◽

X Ray ◽

The Core ◽

Tephra Stratigraphy ◽

Scale Data

The sedimentary record of Otokomi Lake, Glacier National Park, Montana, was studied to determine the age of an adjacent Crowfoot moraine. The presence of Mt. St. Helens Jy ash near the bottom of the longest percussion core limits drainage basin deglaciation to before 11 400 14C years before present (BP), although 14 100 BP is the estimated basal age of the core. Correlative shifts in loss on ignition, coarse (>1 mm) grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray gray-scale data at a depth of 185 cm are interpreted to be related to a sedimentary change in Otokomi Lake brought about by the deposition of the adjacent Crowfoot moraine. The estimated age of the moraine is 10 590 BP, which is within the Younger Dryas interval. This information supports the hypothesis that Crowfoot moraines represent a regional western North American response to Younger Dryas cooling.

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The use of remote sensing in quantifying rates of soil erosion

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v36i1.358 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C.A. Chappell ◽

M.A. Brown

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Loss ◽

National Park ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Kruger National Park ◽

Remote Sensing Technique ◽

Climatic Regime ◽

Possible Cause ◽

River Drainage Basin

A remote sensing technique is applied in the quantification of the aereal involvement and rates of spread of sodic sites in the upper Ripape River drainage basin of the Kruger National Park. The results show changing areas of sodic site erosion over a period of 41 years. Possible cause and effect relationships are not discussed but the magnitude of soil loss suggests that the erosion has progressed at a rate which is in excess of the rate of natural denudation, under the prevailing climatic regime.

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Improving Flood Maps in Ungauged Fluvial Basins with Dendrogeomorphological Data. An Example from the Caldera de Taburiente National Park (Canary Islands, Spain)

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences8080300 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 300 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Julio Garrote ◽

Andrés Díez-Herrero ◽

Mar Génova ◽

José Bodoque ◽

María Perucha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Canary Islands ◽

National Park ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Flash Flood ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Flood Hazards ◽

Flow Data ◽

Data Set ◽

La Palma

Flash floods represent one of the more usual natural hazards in mountain basins, and, combined with the lack of reliable flow data and the recreational use of the drainage basin by tourists and hikers, there is a significant risk of catastrophe. Here, we present a dendro-geomorphological reconstruction of a past flash flood event in the Caldera de Taburiente N.P. (Canary Islands, Spain), an ungauged drainage basin in the SW side of the volcanic island of La Palma. We couple two-dimensional hydraulic modelling in a highly-resolved topographic environment (LiDAR data) with (1) peak flow data for various Tyear return periods from an uncalibrated hydrological model and (2) a data set of scars on trees, to investigate the magnitude of a 1997 dated flash-flood. From the results, flood hazards and associated risks would be clearly underestimated by using only the unique available hydrological data (a rainfall gauge station downstream of the study area). Hydraulic models using scars data show a higher flood hazard scenario, improving the flood hazard map by using all available flood evidence. Moreover, all this will allow for better implementation of appropriate adaptation policies by National Park managers, and therefore the mitigation of future disasters.

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Ultrastructural Localization of Phycocyanin in the Acidophilic, Thermophilic Alga, Cyanidium Caldarium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072757 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 462-463

Author(s):

M. R. Edwards ◽

J. D. Mainwaring

Keyword(s):

Yellowstone National Park ◽

National Park ◽

Ultrastructural Localization ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Cyanidium Caldarium ◽

Taxonomic Rank ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Laboratory Cultures

Although the general ultrastructure of Cyanidium caldarium, an acidophilic, thermophilic alga of questionable taxonomic rank, has been extensively studied (see review of literature in reference 1), some peculiar ultrastructural features of the chloroplast of this alga have not been noted by other investigators.Cells were collected and prepared for thin sections at the Yellowstone National Park and were also grown in laboratory cultures (45-52°C; pH 2-5). Fixation (glutaraldehyde-osmium), dehydration (ethanol), and embedding (Epon 812) were accomplished by standard methods. Replicas of frozenfracture d- etched cells were obtained in a Balzers apparatus. In addition, cells were examined after disruption in a French Press.

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