AN ASYNCHRONOUS MESOZOIC MARINE REVOLUTION: DRILLING VERSUS DUROPHAGY IN POST-PALEOZOIC ECHINOIDS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Lapic ◽  
◽  
Elizabeth Petsios ◽  
Shamindri Tennakoon ◽  
Roger W. Portell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesozoic Marine Revolution

AN ASYNCHRONOUS MESOZOIC MARINE REVOLUTION IN ECHINOIDS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Petsios ◽  
◽  
Roger W. Portell ◽  
Lyndsey Farrar ◽  
Shamindri Tennakoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesozoic Marine Revolution

Is predation intensity reduced with increasing depth? Evidence from the west Atlantic stalked crinoidEndoxocrinus parrae(Gervais) and implications for the Mesozoic marine revolution

Paleobiology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Oji
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Bathymetric Range ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
Predation Intensity ◽  
Stalked Crinoids ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mesozoic Marine Revolution ◽  
Sublethal Predation

The number of regenerated arms was counted on specimens of two distinct phenotypes of the stalked crinoidEndoxocrinus parrae(Gervais) from a wide bathymetric range in the Caribbean (178-723 m). In one phenotype, the sample was divided into two groups, one from shallower (< 500 m) depths, the other from deeper (≥ 500 m); in the other phenotype the group divided at 550 m. In both phenotypes, the frequency of regenerated arms is significantly higher in specimens from shallower water than in those from deeper water. If the regenerated arms inEndoxocrinus parraewere the result of sublethal predation, as previously suggested, then predation intensity is higher in shallow water than deep water. These results are consistent with the idea of the late Mesozoic marine revolution—that there has been stronger predation on various invertebrates in shallow-water environments since the late Mesozoic. The stalked crinoids may have been unable to cope with increased predation in shelf environments, and they migrated to offshore environments.

When bivalves took over the world

Paleobiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Fraiser ◽  
David J. Bottjer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Marine Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
Mesozoic Marine Revolution ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

AbstractThe end-Permian mass extinction is commonly portrayed not only as a massive biodiversity crisis but also as the time when marine benthic faunas changed from the Paleozoic Fauna, dominated by rhynchonelliform brachiopod taxa, to the Modern Fauna, dominated by gastropod and bivalve taxa. After the end-Permian mass extinction, scenarios involving the Mesozoic Marine Revolution portray a steady increase in numerical dominance by these benthic molluscs as largely due to the evolutionary effects of an “arms race.” We report here a new global paleoecological database from study of shell beds that shows a dramatic geologically sudden earliest Triassic takeover by bivalves as numerical dominants in level-bottom benthic marine communities, which continued through the Early Triassic. Three bivalve genera were responsible for this switch, none of which has any particular morphological features to distinguish it from many typical Paleozoic bivalve genera. The numerical success of these Early Triassic bivalves cannot be attributed to any of the well-known morphological evolutionary innovations of post-Paleozoic bivalves that characterize the Mesozoic Marine Revolution. Rather, their ability to mount this takeover most likely was due to the large extinction of rhynchonelliform brachiopods during the end-Permian mass extinction and aided by their environmental distribution and physiological characteristics that enabled them to thrive during periods of oceanic and atmospheric stress during the Permian/Triassic transition.

scholarly journals Experimental neoichnology of post-autotomy arm movements of sea lilies and possible evidence of thrashing behaviour in Triassic holocrinids

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gorzelak ◽  
Mariusz A. Salamon ◽  
Krzysztof Brom ◽  
Tatsuo Oji ◽  
Kazumasa Oguri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arm Movements ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Stem Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mesozoic Marine Revolution ◽  
Water Species

Abstract Echinoderms exhibit remarkable powers of autotomy. For instance, crinoids can shed arm and stalk portions when attacked by predators. In some species, it has been reported that the autotomized arms display vigorous movements, which are thought to divert the attention of predators. This phenomenon, however, has not been well explored. Here we present results of experiments using the shallowest water species of living stalked crinoid (Metacrinus rotundus) collected at 140 m depth. A wide range of movements of detached arms, from sluggish writhing to violent flicks, was observed. Interestingly, autotomized arms produce distinct traces on the sediment surface. They are composed of straight or arched grooves usually arranged in radiating groups and shallow furrows. Similar traces were found associated with detached arms of the oldest (Early Triassic) stem-group isocrinid (Holocrinus). This finding may suggest that the origins of autotomy-related thrashing behaviour in crinoids could be traced back to at least the Early Triassic, underscoring the magnitude of anti-predatory traits that occurred during the Mesozoic Marine Revolution. A new ethological category, autotomichnia, is proposed for the traces produced by thrashing movements of shed appendages.

Fish and crab coprolites from the latest Triassic of the UK: From Buckland to the Mesozoic Marine Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-721
Author(s):  
Marie Cueille ◽  
Emily Green ◽  
Christopher J. Duffin ◽  
Claudia Hildebrandt ◽  
Michael J. Benton
Keyword(s):  
Mesozoic Marine Revolution ◽  
The Uk

Escargots through time: an energetic comparison of marine gastropod assemblages before and after the Mesozoic Marine Revolution

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Finnegan ◽  
Craig M. McClain ◽  
Matthew A. Kosnik ◽  
Jonathan L. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Mesozoic Marine Revolution

The modern structure of marine benthic ecosystems was largely established during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (200–100 Ma), a transition that has been termed the Mesozoic Marine Revolution (MMR). Although it has been suggested that the MMR marks an increase in the average energy consumption of marine animal ecosystems, this hypothesis has not been evaluated quantitatively. In this study, we integrate body size and abundance data from the fossil record with physiological data from living representatives to estimate mean per capita metabolic rates of tropical to subtropical assemblages of shallow-marine gastropods—a major component of marine ecosystems throughout the Meso-Cenozoic—both before and after the MMR. We find that mean per capita metabolic rate rose by ∼150% between the Late Triassic and Late Cretaceous and remained relatively stable thereafter. The most important factor governing the increase in metabolic rate was an increase in mean body size. In principle, this size increase could result from secular changes in sampling and taphonomic biases, but these biases are suggested to yield decreases rather than increases in mean size. Considering that post-MMR gastropod diversity is dominated by predators, the net primary production required to supply the energetic needs of the average individual increased by substantially more than 150%. These data support the hypothesis that benthic energy budgets increased during the MMR, possibly in response to rising primary productivity.

scholarly journals Molecular clocks indicate turnover and diversification of modern coleoid cephalopods during the Mesozoic Marine Revolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1850) ◽  
pp. 20162818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair R. Tanner ◽  
Dirk Fuchs ◽  
Inger E. Winkelmann ◽  
M. Thomas P. Gilbert ◽  
M. Sabrina Pankey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Early Mesozoic ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Molecular Dataset ◽  
Divergence Estimates ◽  
Mesozoic Marine Revolution ◽  
Marine Vertebrates ◽  
Cephalopod Evolution ◽  
Coleoid Cephalopod

Coleoid cephalopod molluscs comprise squid, cuttlefish and octopuses, and represent nearly the entire diversity of modern cephalopods. Sophisticated adaptations such as the use of colour for camouflage and communication, jet propulsion and the ink sac highlight the unique nature of the group. Despite these striking adaptations, there are clear parallels in ecology between coleoids and bony fishes. The coleoid fossil record is limited, however, hindering confident analysis of the tempo and pattern of their evolution. Here we use a molecular dataset (180 genes, approx. 36 000 amino acids) of 26 cephalopod species to explore the phylogeny and timing of cephalopod evolution. We show that crown cephalopods diverged in the Silurian–Devonian, while crown coleoids had origins in the latest Palaeozoic. While the deep-sea vampire squid and dumbo octopuses have ancient origins extending to the Early Mesozoic Era, 242 ± 38 Ma, incirrate octopuses and the decabrachian coleoids (10-armed squid) diversified in the Jurassic Period. These divergence estimates highlight the modern diversity of coleoid cephalopods emerging in the Mesozoic Marine Revolution, a period that also witnessed the radiation of most ray-finned fish groups in addition to several other marine vertebrates. This suggests that that the origin of modern cephalopod biodiversity was contingent on ecological competition with marine vertebrates.

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