CO2 degassing from hydrothermal vents at Kolumbo submarine volcano, Greece, and the accumulation of acidic crater water

Geology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Carey ◽  
Paraskevi Nomikou ◽  
Katy Croff Bell ◽  
Marvin Lilley ◽  
John Lupton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
Co2 Degassing

scholarly journals Isotopic composition of mineral precipitates and free gas associated with hydrothermal vents of Piip submarine volcano, Bering Sea.

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Taran ◽  
Pavel V. Torokhov ◽  
Boris G. Pokrovsky ◽  
Irina Y. Shabayeva
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
Free Gas

scholarly journals GUNUNGAPI BAWAH LAUT KAWIO BARAT, PERAIRAN SANGIHE, SULAWESI UTARA: AKTIVITAS HIDROTERMAL DAN MINERALISASI

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rainer Arief Troa ◽  
Lili Sarmili ◽  
Haryadi Permana ◽  
Eko Triarso
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Plate Convergence ◽  
Lithologic Unit ◽  
Sulfur Deposits ◽  
Black Color ◽  
New Discovery ◽  
Submarine Hydrothermal Activity

Ekspedisi INDEX-SATAL 2010 telah mengungkapkan fenomena aktivitas hidrotermal di bawah perairan barat Kepulauan Sangihe pada Gunungapi Bawah Laut Kawio Barat dengan puncaknya yang berada pada kedalaman laut sekitar 1860 m dan kakinya pada kedalaman sekitar 5400 m. Penyelaman ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) Little Hercules di Gunungapi Kawio Barat yang dipusatkan di sisi baratlaut dari puncak gunung menyapu mulai kedalaman 3000 m hingga menuju ke arah puncak pada kedalaman 1860 m. Kelompok batuan dicirikan oleh bongkahan lava yang sudah pecah ditutupi sedimen halus berwarna abu-abu cerah; sedangkan pada sisi tenggara umumnya ditempati aliran lava bantal. Pada sisi baratdaya, tempat lembah dalam menoreh Gunungapi Kawio Barat dijumpai kepulan asap dari lereng bagian bawah yang akhirnya pada kedalaman sekitar 1890 m dijumpai aktivitas hidrotermal bawah laut yang merupakan suatu fenomena yang pertama kali direkam langsung dari bawahlaut perairan Indonesia. Fenomena yang terekam berupa pemunculan asap (smokers) di sepanjang rekahan (fissures), dicirikan oleh warna asap yang bervariasi dari putih, kuning atau abu-abu cerah yang kemungkinan menunjukkan indikasi perbedaan komposisi kimiawi dari fluida hidrotermal. Selain asap, teramati juga adanya gelembung cairan (panas) atau bubbles dari rekahan. Penemuan baru lainnya adalah adanya fluida hidrotermal muncul ke permukaan dan membentuk suatu cerobong hidrotermal atau chimney di daerah yang secara tektonik dikontrol oleh konvergensi lempeng. Batuan-batuan di sekitar rekahan hidrotermal (hydrothermal vent) umumnya telah terubah dengan dominasi warna putih hingga kelabu. Di sekitar rekahan hidrotermal diendapkan belerang berwarna kuning kehitaman. Mineralisasi kemungkinan terjadi di sekitar cerobong hidrotermal, terakumulasi membentuk endapan mineral yang ditunjukkan oleh warna coklat, abu-abu, dan kemerahan. Hal ini terutama teramati di sekitar cerobong yang sudah tidak mengeluarkan gelembung atau asap, serta dijumpai kehadiran endapan serakan butiran batuan atau mineral berwarna coklat atau hitam. Kata kunci: INDEX-SATAL 2010, aktivitas hidrotermal, ROV, asap hidrotermal, gelembung cairan, cerobong hidrotermal, konvergensi lempeng, mineralisasi INDEX-SATAL Expedition 2010 has revealed the phenomenon of hydrothermal activity in the western part of the Sangihe Waters in Kawio Barat Submarine Volcano with the peak which is located at 1860 m depths and the bottom at about 5400 m depths. A ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) "Little Hercules" dive in Kawio Barat was centered on the northwest side of the mountain began to sweep from the depths of 3000 m toward the top of 1860 m depths. The lithologic unit is characterized by the present of broken lavas covered with fine grey colored sediment whilist in the southeast side is composed of pillows lavas. In the southwest side, in which the deep valleys incise Kawio Barat, a clouds of smoke from the lower slopes are observed; finally at 1890 m depths a submarine hydrothermal activity is noted. This phenomenon represents the first submarine direct record made from the bottom of the Indonesian Waters. Those smokers phenomena are recorded along fissures, characterized by various colors of white, yellow to grey due to different chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids. Besides, the hot bubbles are also arised from the fissures. The other new discovery is the presence of hydrothermal chimney in the area of tectonically controlled by convergence plates. Rocks surrounding the hydrothermal vents are generally altered giving grey to white colors and the presence of dark yellow sulfur deposits. Mineralization may occur and accumulated in hydrothermal chimney and its surrounding to form brown-, grey-, and reddish- color deposits The latter are commonly found in inactive chimneys, indicated by the presence of dispersed brown and black color grains/chips of both sedimentary rocks or minerals as well. Keywords: INDEX-SATAL 2010, hydrothermal activity, ROV, hydrothermal smokers, bubbles, hydrothermal chimney, plate convergence, mineralization

scholarly journals Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Anna Olivé Abelló ◽  
Beatriz Vinha ◽  
Francisco Machín ◽  
Francesco Zerbetto ◽  
Evangelos Bakalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Structure Functions ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
System A ◽  
Moments Method ◽  
Stochastic Events

Temperature and conductivity fluctuations caused by the hydrothermal emissions released during the degasification stage of the Tagoro submarine volcano (Canary Islands, Spain) have been analysed as a robust proxy for characterising and forecasting the activity of the system. A total of 21 conductivity-temperature-depth time series were gathered on a regular high-resolution grid over the main crater of Tagoro volcano. Temperature and conductivity time series, as manifestations of stochastic events, were investigated in terms of variance and analysed by the Generalised Moments Method (GMM). GMM provides the statistical moments, the structure functions of a process whose shape is an indicator of the underlying stochastic mechanisms and the state of activity of the submarine volcano. Our findings confirm an active hydrothermal process in the submarine volcano with a sub-normal behaviour resulting from anti-persistent fluctuations in time. Its hydrothermal emissions are classified as multifractal processes whose structure functions present a crossover between two time scales. In the shorter time scale, findings point to the multiplicative action of two random processes, hydrothermal vents, which carries those fluctuations driving the circulation over the crater, and the overlying aquatic environment. Given that both temperature and conductivity fluctuations are nonstationary, Tagoro submarine volcano can be characterised as an open system exchanging energy to its surroundings.

FE-RICH MINERALIZED MICROBES FROM HYDROTHERMAL VENTS AT TAGORO SUBMARINE VOLCANO, EL HIERRO ISLAND (CENTRAL EAST ATLANTIC)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier González ◽  
◽  
Blanca Rincón-Tomás ◽  
Luis Somoza ◽  
James R. Hein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
El Hierro

scholarly journals First Macro-Colonizers and Survivors Around Tagoro Submarine Volcano, Canary Islands, Spain

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sotomayor-García ◽  
José Rueda ◽  
Olga Sánchez-Guillamón ◽  
Javier Urra ◽  
Juan Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Hard Substrate ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Bacterial Mats ◽  
New Habitats

Tagoro, the youngest submarine volcano of the Canary Islands, erupted in 2011 South of El Hierro Island. Pre-existing sea floor and inhabiting biological communities were buried by the newly erupted material, promoting the appearance of new habitats. The present study pursues to describe the first metazoans colonizing different new habitats formed during the eruption and to create precedent on this field. Through dredge and remote operated vehicle samplings, five main habitat types have been detected based on the substrate type and burial status after the eruption. Inside the Tagoro volcanic complex (TVC), two new habitats are located in and around the summit and main craters—hydrothermal vents with bacterial mats and sulfurous-like fields mainly colonized by small hydrozoan colonies. Two other habitats are located downslope the TVC; new hard substrate and new mixed substrate, holding the highest biodiversity of the TVC, especially at the mixed bottoms with annelids (Chloeia cf. venusta), arthropods (Monodaeus couchii and Alpheus sp.), cnidarians (Sertularella cf. tenella), and molluscs (Neopycnodonte cochlear) as the first colonizers. An impact evaluation was done comparing the communities of those habitats with the complex and well-established community described at the stable hard substrate outside the TVC, which is constituted of highly abundant hydrozoans (Aglaophenia sp.), antipatharians (Stichopates setacea and Antipathes furcata), and colonizing epibionts (e.g., Neopycnodonte cochlear). Three years after the eruption, species numbers at Tagoro were still low compared to those occurring at similar depths outside the TVC. The first dominant species at the TVC included a large proportion of common suspension feeders of the circalittoral and bathyal hard bottoms of the area, which could have exploited the uncolonized hard bottoms and the post eruptive fertilization of water masses.

scholarly journals Genomic adaptation of Pseudomonas strains to acidity and antibiotics in hydrothermal vents at Kolumbo submarine volcano, Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Bravakos ◽  
Manolis Mandalakis ◽  
Paraskevi Nomikou ◽  
Thekla I. Anastasiou ◽  
Jon Bent Kristoffersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
Genomic Adaptation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation

AbstractAlthough the rise of antibiotic and multidrug resistant bacteria is one of the biggest current threats to human health, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in antibiotic resistance selection remains scarce. We performed whole genome sequencing of 21 Pseudomonas strains, previously isolated from an active submarine volcano of Greece, the Kolumbo volcano. Our goal was to identify the genetic basis of the enhanced co-tolerance to antibiotics and acidity of these Pseudomonas strains. Pangenome analysis identified 10,908 Gene Clusters (GCs). It revealed that the numbers of phage-related GCs and sigma factors, which both provide the mechanisms of adaptation to environmental stressors, were much higher in the high tolerant Pseudomonas strains compared to the rest ones. All identified GCs of these strains were associated with antimicrobial and multidrug resistance. The present study provides strong evidence that the CO2-rich seawater of the volcano associated with low pH might be a reservoir of microorganisms carrying multidrug efflux-mediated systems and pumps. We, therefore, suggest further studies of other extreme environments (or ecosystems) and their associated physicochemical parameters (or factors) in the rise of antibiotic resistance.

From wood to vent: first cocculinid limpet associated with hydrothermal activity discovered in the Weddell Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-366
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Katrin Linse
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
First Record ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Anatomical Reconstruction ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Genetic Sequencing

AbstractLush ‘oases’ of life seen in chemosynthetic ecosystems such as hot vents and cold seeps represent rare, localized exceptions to the generally oligotrophic deep ocean floor. Organic falls, best known from sunken wood and whale carcasses, are additional sources of such oases. Kemp Caldera (59°42'S, 28°20'W) in the Weddell Sea exhibits active hydrothermal vents and a natural whale fall in close proximity, where an undescribed cocculinid limpet was found living in both types of chemosynthetic habitats. This represents the first member of the gastropod order Cocculinida discovered from hot vents, and also the first record from the Southern Ocean. Here, we applied an integrative taxonomy framework incorporating traditional dissection, electron microscopy, genetic sequencing and 3D anatomical reconstruction through synchrotron computed tomography in order to characterize this species. Together, our data revealed an unusual member of the genus Cocculina with a highly modified radula for feeding on bacterial film, described herein as Cocculina enigmadonta n. sp. Its phylogenetically derived position within the largely wood-inhabiting Cocculina indicates that it probably evolved from an ancestor adapted to living on sunken wood, providing a compelling case of the ‘stepping stone’ evolutionary trajectory from organic falls to seeps and vents.

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