Water-soluble organic acids in cryomorphic peat soils of the southeastern Bol’shezemel’skaya tundra

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Shamrikova ◽  
D. A. Kaverin ◽  
A. V. Pastukhov ◽  
E. M. Lapteva ◽  
O. S. Kubik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Bol’Shezemel’Skaya Tundra

scholarly journals Water-soluble organic acids in sedimentary rocks: Compositions and influencing factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Li ◽  
Shixin Zhou ◽  
Baoqiang Ji ◽  
Xiaopeng Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Water Soluble

scholarly journals Characterization of Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Acidity and Organic Acid Partitioning at an Agriculture-Intensive Rural Southeastern U.S. Site

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Nah ◽  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Amy P. Sullivan ◽  
Yunle Chen ◽  
David J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract. The implementation of stringent emission regulations has resulted in the decline of anthropogenic pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, ammonia (NH3) emissions are largely unregulated, with emissions projected to increase in the future. We present real-time aerosol and gas measurements from a field study conducted in an agricultural-intensive region in the southeastern U.S. during the fall of 2016 to investigate how NH3 affects particle acidity and SOA formation via the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic acids. Particle water and pH were determined using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted inorganic HNO3-NO3− and NH3-NH4+ gas-particle partitioning ratios with measured values. Our results showed that despite the high NH3 concentrations (study average 8.1 ± 5.2 ppb), PM1 were highly acidic with pH values ranging from 0.9 to 3.8, and a study-averaged pH of 2.2 ± 0.6. PM1 pH varied by approximately 1.4 units diurnally. Formic and acetic acids were the most abundant gas-phase organic acids, and oxalate was the most abundant particle-phase water-soluble organic acid anion. Measured particle-phase water-soluble organic acids were on average 6 % of the total non-refractory PM1 organic aerosol mass. The measured molar fraction of oxalic acid in the particle phase (i.e., particle-phase oxalic acid molar concentration divided by the total oxalic acid molar concentration) ranged between 47 and 90 % for PM1 pH 1.2 to 3.4. The measured oxalic acid gas-particle partitioning ratios were in good agreement with their corresponding thermodynamic predictions, calculated based on oxalic acid’s physicochemical properties, ambient temperature, particle water and pH. In contrast, gas-particle partitioning of formic and acetic acids were not well predicted for reasons currently unknown. For this study, higher NH3 concentrations relative to what has been measured in the region in previous studies had minor effects on PM1 organic acids and their influence on the overall organic aerosol and PM1 mass concentrations.

Water-soluble low-molecular-weight organic acids in automorphic loamy soils of the tundra and taiga zones

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Shamrikova ◽  
I. V. Gruzdev ◽  
V. V. Punegov ◽  
F. M. Khabibullina ◽  
O. S. Kubik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

Characteristics and secondary formation of water-soluble organic acids in PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing during haze episodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Yu ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Weihua Qin ◽  
Siming Cheng ◽  
Yuepeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Secondary Formation ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Production of Amino and Organic Acids from Protein Using Sub-Critical Water Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Abdelmoez ◽  
Hiroyuki Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Protein ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Aggregation Step ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Protein Bovine Serum Albumin

Abstract This work presents the hydrolysis of a water-soluble protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), for the production of both amino and organic acids under the sub-critical water condition in the temperature range of 200–300°C. The products of the reaction were a water-insoluble solid phase, an aqueous phase, and an insignificant gas phase which was neglected in this study. Results have shown that BSA passes through an aggregation step, followed by a gel formation process which results in the formation of insoluble solid aggregates. Then, such formed solids unfolded with releasing polypeptides as an intermediate product then finally hydrolyzed to produce low molecular mass products such as amino and organic acids. It was found that there were insignificant amino acids produced in the temperature ranges of 200–225°C within 2 min and 275–300°C within 0.5 min. However, by extending the reaction time, the protein transferred to both amino and organic acids.

scholarly journals Hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric aerosols containing nitrates and water-soluble organic acids

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jing ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Fang Tan ◽  
Yucong Guo ◽  
Shengrui Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Mass Transfer Limitation ◽  
Continuous Growth

Abstract. While nitrates have critical impacts on environmental effects of atmospheric aerosols, the effects of coexisting species on hygroscopicity of nitrates remain uncertain. The hygroscopic behaviors of nitrate aerosols (NH4NO3, NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2) and their internal mixtures with water soluble organic acids at varying mass ratios were determined using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA). The nitrate/organic acid mixed aerosols exhibit varying phase behavior and hygroscopic growth depending upon the type of components in the particles. Whereas pure nitrate particles show continuous water uptake with increasing RH, the deliquescence transition is still observed for ammonium nitrate particles internally mixed with organic acids such as oxalic acid and succinic acid with a high deliquescence point. The hygroscopicity of submicron aerosols containing sodium nitrate and an organic acid is also characterized by continuous growth, indicating that sodium nitrate tends to exist in a liquid-like state under dry conditions. It is observed that in contrast to the pure components the water uptake is hindered at low and moderate RH for calcium nitrate particles containing malonic acid or phthalic acid, suggesting the potential effects of mass transfer limitation in highly viscous mixed systems. Our findings improve fundamental understanding of the phase behavior and water uptake of nitrate-containing aerosols in the atmospheric environment.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of particle-phase dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls in the urban boundary layer based on the 325-meter tower in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanyu Zhao ◽  
Hong Ren ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Huiyun Du ◽  
Xueshun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Motor Vehicles

Abstract. Vertical distribution of dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids, α-dicarbonyls, and other organic tracer compounds in fine aerosols (PM2.5) was investigated from the ground surface (8 m) to 260 m at a 325-meter meteorological tower in Beijing in the summer of 2015. Results showed that the concentrations of oxalic acid (C2), the predominant diacid, were more abundant at 120 m (210 ± 154 ng m−3) and 260 m (220 ± 140 ng m−3) than those at the ground level (160 ± 90 ng m−3). Concentrations of phthalic acid (Ph) decreased with the increase of heights, demonstrating that the vehicular exhausts at the ground surface was the main contributor. Positive correlations were noteworthy for C2/total diacids with mass ratios of C2 to main oxoacids (Pyr, ωC2) and α-dicarbonyls (Gly, MeGly) in polluted days (0.42 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.65), especially at the ground level. In clean days, the ratios of carbon content in oxalic acid to water soluble organic carbon (C2-C/WSOC) showed larger values at 120 m and 260 m than those at the ground surface. However, in polluted days, the C2-C/WSOC ratio mainly reached its maximum at the ground level. These phenomena may indicate the enhanced contribution of aqueous-phase oxidation to oxalic acid in polluted days. Combined with the influence of wind field, total diacids, oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls decreased by 22 %–58 % under the control on anthropogenic activities during the 2015 Victory Parade period. Furthermore, the PMF results showed that the secondary formation routes (secondary sulfate formation and secondary nitrate formation) were the dominant contributors (37–44 %) to organic acids, followed by biomass burning (25–30 %) and motor vehicles (18–24 %). In this study, the organic acids at the ground level were largely associated with local traffic emissions, while the long-range atmospheric transport followed by photochemical aging contributed more to diacids and related compounds in the boundary layer over Beijing than the ground surface.

Distributions and evolution model of water-soluble organic acids for coals with different thermal maturations

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 118863
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Li ◽  
Shixin Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Meimei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Water Soluble

scholarly journals Aqueous chemistry and its role in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 10521-10539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Lim ◽  
Y. Tan ◽  
M. J. Perri ◽  
S. P. Seitzinger ◽  
B. J. Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Radical Reactions ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Aqueous Chemistry ◽  
Radical Chemistry

Abstract. There is a growing understanding that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can form through reactions in atmospheric waters (i.e., clouds, fogs, and aerosol water). In clouds and wet aerosols, water-soluble organic products of gas-phase photochemistry dissolve into the aqueous phase where they can react further (e.g., with OH radicals) to form low volatility products that are largely retained in the particle phase. Organic acids, oligomers and other products form via radical and non-radical reactions, including hemiacetal formation during droplet evaporation, acid/base catalysis, and reaction of organics with other constituents (e.g., NH4+). This paper provides an overview of SOA formation through aqueous chemistry, including atmospheric evidence for this process and a review of radical and non-radical chemistry, using glyoxal as a model precursor. Previously unreported analyses and new kinetic modeling are reported herein to support the discussion of radical chemistry. Results suggest that reactions with OH radicals tend to be faster and form more SOA than non-radical reactions. In clouds these reactions yield organic acids, whereas in wet aerosols they yield large multifunctional humic-like substances formed via radical-radical reactions and their O/C ratios are near 1.

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