Low molecular weight regulators of the intracellular insulin signal transduction as the method of correction of insulin resistance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
T. I. Halenova ◽  
M. Y. Kuznetsova ◽  
O. M. Savchuk ◽  
L. I. Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Insulin Signal Transduction ◽  
Insulin Signal

scholarly journals Insulin Signal Transduction Perturbations in Insulin Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8590
Author(s):  
Mariyam Khalid ◽  
Juma Alkaabi ◽  
Moien A. B. Khan ◽  
Abdu Adem
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Signal Transduction ◽  
Insulin Signal

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread medical condition, characterized by high blood glucose and inadequate insulin action, which leads to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in insulin-responsive tissues precedes the onset of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Multiple molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a consequence of a complex combination of metabolic disorders, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and inflammation. There is ample evidence linking different mechanistic approaches as the cause of insulin resistance, but no central mechanism is yet described as an underlying reason behind this condition. This review combines and interlinks the defects in the insulin signal transduction pathway of the insulin resistance state with special emphasis on the AGE-RAGE-NF-κB axis. Here, we describe important factors that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance to provide directionality for the events. The interplay of inflammation and oxidative stress that leads to β-cell decline through the IAPP-RAGE induced β-cell toxicity is also addressed. Overall, by generating a comprehensive overview of the plethora of mechanisms involved in insulin resistance, we focus on the establishment of unifying mechanisms to provide new insights for the future interventions of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Plasma low molecular weight aminothiols in ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MYu Maksimova ◽  
AV Ivanov ◽  
KA Nikiforova ◽  
ED Virus ◽  
ET Suanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Stress Hyperglycemia ◽  
Reduced Forms

It was found that ischemic stroke (IS) results in decreased levels of a number of reduced forms of low molecular weight aminothiols (LMWTs). The study was aimed to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2D) on the total content, reduced forms and redox status of LMWTs in patients with IS. A total of 175 patients with IS in the internal carotid artery basin (the average age was 62 (55–69)) years) were assessed, who were admitted to the Center within the first 10–24 h since the onset of neurological disorder. The index group included 68 patients with IS and T2D (males made up 41.2%). The comparison group consisted of 107 patients with IS and stress hyperglycemia (males made up 57%), and the control group included 31 non-diabetic patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) (males made up 54.8%). The admission plasma levels of LMWTs were assessed by liquid chromatography in all patients. It was found, that IS in patients with T2D was associated with the rapid decrease in total cysteine (tCys), total glutathione (tGSH), total homocysteine (tHcy), reduced glutathione (rGSH), and glutathione redox status (GSH RS), along with the increase in cysteine redox status (Cys RS) and homocysteine redox status (Hcy RS). In contrast to patients with stress hyperglycemia developing during the acute period of IS, patients with T2D had lower tCys, tGSH, and tHcy levels. Thus, GSH RS of 4.06% or lower in the first 24 hours after the IS in patients with T2D was a predictor of poor functional outcome (mRS score was 3 or more 3 weeks after IS).

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Regulators of Insulin Signaling: Research Updates and Potential Therapeutic Perspectives in Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Nigi ◽  
Giuseppina Grieco ◽  
Giuliana Ventriglia ◽  
Noemi Brusco ◽  
Francesca Mancarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Insulin Signal Transduction ◽  
Insulin Signal

The insulin signaling pathway is composed of a large number of molecules that positively or negatively modulate insulin specific signal transduction following its binding to the cognate receptor. Given the importance of the final effects of insulin signal transduction, it is conceivable that many regulators are needed in order to tightly control the metabolic or proliferative functional outputs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively modulate gene expression through their specific binding within the 3′UTR sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA), thus causing mRNA decoy or translational inhibition. In the last decade, miRNAs have been addressed as pivotal cellular rheostats which control many fundamental signaling pathways, including insulin signal transduction. Several studies demonstrated that multiple alterations of miRNAs expression or function are relevant for the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D); such alterations have been highlighted in multiple insulin target organs including liver, muscles, and adipose tissue. Indirectly, miRNAs have been identified as modulators of inflammation-derived insulin resistance, by controlling/tuning the activity of innate immune cells in insulin target tissues. Here, we review main findings on miRNA functions as modulators of insulin signaling in physiologic- or in T2D insulin resistance- status. Additionally, we report the latest hypotheses of prospective therapies involving miRNAs as potential targets for future drugs in T2D.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document