Features of chromosome behavior in meiosis in common wheat lines containing genetic material of tetraploid wheat species

Aim. T. kiharae (AtAtGGDD, 2n=42) is a source of high protein and gluten content, resistance to many diseases. Сommon wheat lines with the introgression of T. kiharae genetic material were obtained in order to enrich T. aestivum L. gene pool. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of T. kiharae genetic material on the grain quality of T. aestivum/T. kiharae introgression lines. Methods. The composition of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Evaluation of the most important traits of grain quality (hardness, protein and gluten content, gluten quality) was carried out according to GOST. Results. Сomparative analysis of the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of introgressive lines and their parental forms allowed us to identify lines with novel alleles of Glu-1 loci, specific for T. kiharae. For most of the introgression lines T. aestivum/T. kiharae hardness, protein and gluten content were higher than for parent wheat varieties. Conclusions. Introgression of T. kiharaegenetic material in the genome of common wheat had a positive effect on all studied parameters of grain quality except the gluten quality. Keywords: common wheat, T. kiharae, glutenin, SDS-PAGE, quality of grain.

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Tetraploid wheat species Triticum timopheevii and Triticum militinae in common wheat improvement

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.50.2002.4.9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 463-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K Järve ◽

I. Jakobson ◽

T. Enno

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Introgressive Hybridization ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Triticum Timopheevii ◽

Wheat Species ◽

Major Genes ◽

Wheat Improvement ◽

Unknown Species

Timopheevii wheats are discussed as donors for improving the disease resistance of common wheat. Attention is paid to the comparison of the morphological and chromosomal characteristics of Triticum timopheevii and T. militinae, their crossability with T. aestivum and their response to fungal diseases. The possible origin of T. militinae from an introgressive hybridization between T. timopheevii and an unknown species is discussed. Major genes for resistance to various fungal diseases, transferred to common wheat from T. timopheevii, are listed.

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Sporogenesis in F1 hybrids from the crosses between common wheat and lines with introgressions from Amblyopyrum muticum

NaUKMA Research Papers Biology and Ecology ◽

10.18523/2617-4529.2021.4.13-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Viktoriia Plyhun ◽

Maksym Antonyuk ◽

Tetiana Iefimenko ◽

Tamara Ternovska

Keyword(s):

Common Wheat ◽

Genetic Material ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Reciprocal Crosses ◽

Chromosome Associations ◽

Alien Genes ◽

The Difference ◽

Genetic Pool ◽

Wheat Lines

Hybridization of wheat lines comprising fragments of alien genetic material (introgression) with common wheat cultivars is effective and widespread means of transferring alien genes into genomes of modern wheat cultivars, and remains the main method of expending genetic pool of common wheat using genes of wild relatives. Success of such transfer depends on the processes of sporo- and gametogenesis in F1 hybrids, therefore cytological assessment of this processes is obligatory. Stages of meiosis and microgametogenesis were studied on cytological preparations of spikes of F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses of common wheat cultivars and wheat lines of introgression origin with alien genetic material from wheat wild relative Amblyopyrum muticum. Sporogenesis in F1 hybrids occurs with disorders in both male and female sexual areas. Instead of 21 closed bivalents chromosome configurations in maximal association of chromosomes in M1 PMC could contain up to 8 open bivalents, up to 12 univalents, including three- and quadrivalents. In A1 lagging chromatids were observed, and up to 5 micronuclei per cell were registered in tetrads. Quantitative characteristics of chromosome associations in M1 PMC did not differ for hybrids obtained using introgression lines as female (direct crossing) and male (reverse crossing) cross components. The difference between reciprocal crosses was detected only for the quantity of cells in tetrads with different quantity of micronuclei. F1 hybrids from direct crosses had smaller portion of cells without micronuclei, and more cells with 1-3 micronuclei compared to hybrids of reverse crosses.

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Introgression of common wheat lines with genetic material of Agropyron glaucum

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding ◽

10.18699/vj15.010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

R. O. Davoyan ◽

I. V. Bebyakina ◽

E. R. Davoyan ◽

A. N. Zinchenco ◽

Y. S. Zubanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Wheat ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Wheat Lines

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Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Race 4 Isolates Cause Disease on Tetraploid Wheat

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-05-20-0179-r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 1781-1790

Author(s):

Jingwei Guo ◽

Gongjun Shi ◽

Audrey Kalil ◽

Andrew Friskop ◽

Elias Elias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Wheat ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Tan Spot ◽

Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Trait Locus ◽

Locus Mapping ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

Wheat Lines ◽

Race 4

The ascomycete fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is the causal agent of tan spot of wheat. The disease can occur on both common wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (T. turgidum ssp. durum) and has potential to cause significant yield and quality losses. The fungal pathogen is known to produce necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that act as important virulence factors. Based on the NE production and virulence on a set of four differentials, P. tritici-repentis isolates have been classified into eight races. Race 4 produces no known NEs and is avirulent on the differentials. From a fungal collection in North Dakota, we identified several isolates that were classified as race 4. These isolates caused no or little disease on all common wheat lines including the differentials; however, they were virulent on some durum cultivars and tetraploid wheat accessions. Using two segregating tetraploid wheat populations and quantitative trait locus mapping, we identified several genomic regions significantly associated with disease caused by two of these isolates, some of which have not been previously reported. This is the first report that race 4 is virulent on tetraploid wheat, likely utilizing unidentified NEs. Our findings further highlight the insufficiency of the current race classification system for P. tritici-repentis.

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Molecular cytological analysis of alien introgressions in common wheat lines derived from the cross of TRITICUM AESTIVUM with T. kiharae

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02407-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Оlga Orlovskaya ◽

Nadezhda Dubovets ◽

Lylia Solovey ◽

Irina Leonova

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Introgression Lines ◽

Structural Reorganization ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Chromosome 5B ◽

High Level ◽

Wheat Lines

Abstract Background Triticum kiharae (AtAtGGDD, 2n = 42) is of interest for the improvement of bread wheat as a source of high grain protein and gluten content, as well as resistance to many diseases. The use of T. kiharae for the improvement of T. aestivum L. is complicated by the fact that the homology degree of their genomes is low and this leads to an unbalanced set of chromosomes in the gametes of its first generations and the elimination of some genotypes. The aim of this study was to analyze the nature of alien introgressions and their effect on the cytological stability of hybrids obtained from crossing of bread wheat varieties with T. kiharae. Results Using C-banding, the presence of entire chromosomes of T. kiharae in the karyotypes of hybrid lines (intergenomic substitution 2G/2B), chromosome arms (centric translocation Т2AtS:2AL) and large inserts in the form of terminal translocations involving chromosomes of 1st, 3rd and 5th homoeologous groups of B- and G-genomes were found. Molecular markers revealed short introgression of T. kiharae into the genome of common wheat varieties. The highest introgression frequency was shown for 1A, 1B, 2A, 5B, and 6A chromosomes, while no foreign chromatin was detected in 4A and 4B chromosomes. A high level of cytological stability (a meiotic index of 88.18–93.0%) was noted for the majority of introgression lines. An exception was found for the lines containing the structural reorganization of chromosome 5B, affecting the main genes of chromosome synapsis in terms of their functioning. Conclusions During the stabilization of hybrid karyotypes, the introgression of genetic material from T. kiharae into the genome of T. aestivum occurs in the form of short fragments detectable only by molecular markers and in the form of whole chromosomes (intergenomic substitution) and their large fragments (centric and terminal translocations). The level of cytological stability achieved in F10 by the majority of introgression lines ensures the formation of functional gametes sufficient for the successful reproduction of the obtained hybrids.

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