scholarly journals Sporogenesis in F1 hybrids from the crosses between common wheat and lines with introgressions from Amblyopyrum muticum

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Plyhun ◽  
Maksym Antonyuk ◽  
Tetiana Iefimenko ◽  
Tamara Ternovska
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Alien Genes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Wheat Lines

Hybridization of wheat lines comprising fragments of alien genetic material (introgression) with common wheat cultivars is effective and widespread means of transferring alien genes into genomes of modern wheat cultivars, and remains the main method of expending genetic pool of common wheat using genes of wild relatives. Success of such transfer depends on the processes of sporo- and gametogenesis in F1 hybrids, therefore cytological assessment of this processes is obligatory. Stages of meiosis and microgametogenesis were studied on cytological preparations of spikes of F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses of common wheat cultivars and wheat lines of introgression origin with alien genetic material from wheat wild relative Amblyopyrum muticum. Sporogenesis in F1 hybrids occurs with disorders in both male and female sexual areas. Instead of 21 closed bivalents chromosome configurations in maximal association of chromosomes in M1 PMC could contain up to 8 open bivalents, up to 12 univalents, including three- and quadrivalents. In A1 lagging chromatids were observed, and up to 5 micronuclei per cell were registered in tetrads. Quantitative characteristics of chromosome associations in M1 PMC did not differ for hybrids obtained using introgression lines as female (direct crossing) and male (reverse crossing) cross components. The difference between reciprocal crosses was detected only for the quantity of cells in tetrads with different quantity of micronuclei. F1 hybrids from direct crosses had smaller portion of cells without micronuclei, and more cells with 1-3 micronuclei compared to hybrids of reverse crosses.

scholarly journals Grain quality of common wheat lines with T. kiharae genetic material

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
O. A. Orlovskaya ◽  
S. I. Vakula ◽  
L. V. Khotyleva ◽  
A. V. Kilchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Glutenin Subunits ◽  
Gluten Quality ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Wheat Lines

Aim. T. kiharae (AtAtGGDD, 2n=42) is a source of high protein and gluten content, resistance to many diseases. Сommon wheat lines with the introgression of T. kiharae genetic material were obtained in order to enrich T. aestivum L. gene pool. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of T. kiharae genetic material on the grain quality of T. aestivum/T. kiharae introgression lines. Methods. The composition of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Evaluation of the most important traits of grain quality (hardness, protein and gluten content, gluten quality) was carried out according to GOST. Results. Сomparative analysis of the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of introgressive lines and their parental forms allowed us to identify lines with novel alleles of Glu-1 loci, specific for T. kiharae. For most of the introgression lines T. aestivum/T. kiharae hardness, protein and gluten content were higher than for parent wheat varieties. Conclusions. Introgression of T. kiharaegenetic material in the genome of common wheat had a positive effect on all studied parameters of grain quality except the gluten quality. Keywords: common wheat, T. kiharae, glutenin, SDS-PAGE, quality of grain.

Endosperm abnormalities in Triticum–Secale combinations. I. × Triticosecale and its parental species

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (18) ◽  
pp. 2050-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Kaltsikes ◽  
D. G. Roupakias ◽  
J. B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wheat Lines

The development of the fertilized embryo sac was investigated in four triticale lines, common wheat, durum wheat, and rye to ascertain whether a relationship exists between events taking place during the first 6–7 days of its life and kernel shrivelling. No differences were found with respect to embryo development either among triticale or between triticale and wheat lines. Generalized antipodal disintegration occurred earlier in rye and triticale with shrivelled seeds than in either wheat (common and durum) or triticale with full seeds; the difference was more pronounced between wheat and rye than among triticale lines. Triticale with shrivelled seeds and rye were also characterized by a higher number of aberrant endosperm nuclei and delayed generalized endosperm cellularization when compared with lines with plump kernels or with the wheats. No relationship could be established between the kind and position of aberrant nuclei and kernel shrivelling or frequency of aberrants and fertility. The rye parent is most likely responsible for the early degeneration of the antipodals, the formation of the aberrant endosperm nuclei, and the kernel shrivelling observed in triticale.

scholarly journals Introgression of common wheat lines with genetic material of Agropyron glaucum

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
R. O. Davoyan ◽  
I. V. Bebyakina ◽  
E. R. Davoyan ◽  
A. N. Zinchenco ◽  
Y. S. Zubanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Protein polimorphism of cross components at development of common wheat lines with introgression from Triticum migushovae Zhir.

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
T. V. Pasichnyk ◽  
M. Z. Antonyuk ◽  
T. K. Ternovska
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Spectra ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Introgressive Lines

Aim. Determine presence/absence of polymorphism at genes coding wheat proteins with known chromosome localization in order to determine cross components for development of introgressive lines T. aestivum/T. miguschovae, which are optimal for screening progeny for studied proteins. Methods. Protein electrophoresis in PAAG, visualization and comparison of spectra. Results. Electrophoretic spectra components which could be used as markers of chromosomes of Ab, G, D genomes of Migushova wheat, and A, B and D genomes of four cultivars of common wheat were identified for 1-st (gliadins, glutenins), 3-rd (leaf and seed esterase, peroxidase), 4-th (beta-amylase, acid phosphatase), 6-th (gliadins, alfa-amylase), 7-th (alfa-amylase) groups of homeological chromosomes. Conclusions. Progeny from any of the four common wheat cultivars can be studied for the presence of Migushova wheat chromosomes that substituted common wheat chromosomes of 1-st, 3-rd, 4-th, 6-th, and 7-th homeological groups, however, effectiveness of studied protein markers varied for different cultivars.Keywords: wheat introgression, Fusarium head blight, Triticum miguschovae, storage proteins, isoenzymes.

scholarly journals Features of chromosome behavior in meiosis in the common wheat lines containing genetic material of tetraploid wheat species

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol’ga Aleksandrovna Orlovskaya ◽  
Irina Nikolaevna Leonova ◽  
Elena Artemovna Salina ◽  
Lyubov’ Vladimirovna Khotyleva
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Molecular cytological analysis of alien introgressions in common wheat lines derived from the cross of TRITICUM AESTIVUM with T. kiharae

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlga Orlovskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Dubovets ◽  
Lylia Solovey ◽  
Irina Leonova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Background Triticum kiharae (AtAtGGDD, 2n = 42) is of interest for the improvement of bread wheat as a source of high grain protein and gluten content, as well as resistance to many diseases. The use of T. kiharae for the improvement of T. aestivum L. is complicated by the fact that the homology degree of their genomes is low and this leads to an unbalanced set of chromosomes in the gametes of its first generations and the elimination of some genotypes. The aim of this study was to analyze the nature of alien introgressions and their effect on the cytological stability of hybrids obtained from crossing of bread wheat varieties with T. kiharae. Results Using C-banding, the presence of entire chromosomes of T. kiharae in the karyotypes of hybrid lines (intergenomic substitution 2G/2B), chromosome arms (centric translocation Т2AtS:2AL) and large inserts in the form of terminal translocations involving chromosomes of 1st, 3rd and 5th homoeologous groups of B- and G-genomes were found. Molecular markers revealed short introgression of T. kiharae into the genome of common wheat varieties. The highest introgression frequency was shown for 1A, 1B, 2A, 5B, and 6A chromosomes, while no foreign chromatin was detected in 4A and 4B chromosomes. A high level of cytological stability (a meiotic index of 88.18–93.0%) was noted for the majority of introgression lines. An exception was found for the lines containing the structural reorganization of chromosome 5B, affecting the main genes of chromosome synapsis in terms of their functioning. Conclusions During the stabilization of hybrid karyotypes, the introgression of genetic material from T. kiharae into the genome of T. aestivum occurs in the form of short fragments detectable only by molecular markers and in the form of whole chromosomes (intergenomic substitution) and their large fragments (centric and terminal translocations). The level of cytological stability achieved in F10 by the majority of introgression lines ensures the formation of functional gametes sufficient for the successful reproduction of the obtained hybrids.

Introgression of common wheat lines with genetic material of Agropyron glaucum

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
R. O. Davoyan ◽  
I. V. Bebyakina ◽  
E. R. Davoyan ◽  
A. N. Zinchenco ◽  
Y. S. Zubanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Wheat Lines

Genetical studies on the difference of anther length among common wheat cultivars

Euphytica ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Komaki ◽  
K. Tsunewaki
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Using insensitive PPD-D1a allele for the early forms selection of bread wheat in the initial selection stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Mirskaya ◽  
◽  
N. Rushina ◽  
N. Sinyavina ◽  
A. Kochetov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Determination the photoperiod-insensitive allele (Ppd-D1a) in wheat cultivars is necessary for use in breeding development of newly wheat cultivars. The aim of our study was to select breeding material by screening Ppd-D1 gene alleles and estimation value and the degree of heterosis in F1. Using these two methods, it is possible to select genetic material for increased breeding of new wheat lines that combine earliness and increased productivity. In this study 26 varieties of spring soft wheat were screened for the Ppd-D1 gene alleles. The Ppd-D1a allele was detected in 12 wheat varieties (ITMI 10, 29, 47, 57, 58, 59, 60, 89, 94, AFI-91, AFI-177, Opata 85), the recessive Ppd-D1b allele was detected in 14 wheat varieties (ITMI 7, 31, 32, 44, 80, 88, 83, 115, Zlata, Lisa, Agata, Lubava, W7984). Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment, parental pairs were chosen and 10 recombinants were obtained. Based on estimation value and the degree of heterosis of the main ear traits in F1, such as "ear length", "number of grains from the ear" and "weight of grains from the ear" were identified 4 crosses as initial to create wheat cultivars that combine earliness and increased productivity.

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