Pyrolysis of primary and hydrogenated kerosenes

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2666-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bajus ◽  
Jozef Baxa ◽  
Michal Maťaš
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Reactor Wall ◽  
Pyrolysis Products

Pyrolysis of primary, hydrotreated and hydrogenated kerosene and hydrogenated fraction 160-280 after separation of alkanes was studied in a stainless steel tubular reactor at 800 °C in the presence f steam. Pyrolysis of hydrogenated feedstocks leads to an increased conversion into low molecular olefins and alkanes. The presence of 0.05% of elemental sulphur increases the conversion of primary kerosene into gaseous pyrolysis products. The formation of carbon monoxide is inhibited by the passivation of the reactor wall with hydrogen sulphide. The effect of elemental sulphur on the formation of coke was investigated in the pyrolysis of kerosene in a stainless steel tubular reactor at 800 and 810 °C without steam. In comparison with the pyrolysis of primary kerosene, hydrogenated materials are more inclined to form coke. In the presence of 0.05% sulphur coking decreases.

Pyrolysis of unsubstituted bicyclic hydrocarbons and gas oil

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1838-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bajus ◽  
Jozef Baxa
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Reactor Material ◽  
Tubular Reactors ◽  
Stainless Steel Reactor

Pyrolysis of tetraline, decaline, 1,1'-bicyclohexane, cyclohexylbenzene and gas oil was studied in stainless steel and quartz flow tubular reactors at 780 and 800 °C, residence time 0.08 to 0.5 s and at the mass ratio of steam to the raw material changing from 0.5 to 1.5. The effect of reaction temperature, the mass ratio of steam to the raw material, reactor material and of the added elemental sulphur on the yields of individual reaction products is reported. Of bicyclic hydrocarbons, condensed hydrocarbons are more stable than those with noncondensed rings, cyclanoaromates being more stable than bicyclanes. Pyrolysis of gas oil in the stainless steel reactor yields greater amounts of ethylene, propylene, butadiene and smaller amounts of methane and ethane, compared to the pyrolysis carried out under identical conditions in the quartz reactor. Elemental sulphur increases the conversion of gas oil into gaseous pyrolysis products.

Pyrolysis of brown algae (Bifurcaria Bifurcata) in a stainless steel tubular reactor: From a review to a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Guida ◽  
F. E. Laghchioua ◽  
A. Hannioui
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽  
Bifurcaria Bifurcata ◽  
Bio Oil

This article deals with fast pyrolysis of brown algae, such as Bifurcaria Bifurcata at the range of temperature 300–800 °C in a stainless steel tubular reactor. After a literature review on algae and its importance in renewable sector, a case study was done on pyrolysis of brown algae especially, Bifurcaria Bifurcata. The aim was to experimentally investigate how the temperature, the particle size, the nitrogen flow rate (N2) and the heating rate affect bio-oil, bio-char and gaseous products. These parameters were varied in the ranges of 5–50 °C/min, below 0.2–1 mm and 20–200 mL. min–1, respectively. The maximum bio-oil yield of 41.3wt% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, particle size between 0.2–0.5 mm, nitrogen flow rate (N2) of 100 mL. min–1 and heating rate of 5 °C/min. Liquid product obtained under the most suitable and optimal condition was characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR and GC-MS. The analysis of bio-oil showed that bio-oil from Bifurcaria Bifurcata could be a potential source of renewable fuel production and value added chemicals.

RUMEN GAS ANALYSIS BY GAS-SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McArthur ◽  
J. E. Miltimore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Thermal Detector ◽  
Thermal Detection ◽  
Methane Carbon

Methods are described for sampling and analysing rumen gases. The analysis requires less than 15 minutes for the determination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide, i.e., for all gases occurring in the rumen. The method is sensitive and requires only a small quantity of sample, and the sample volume need not be known. The presence of water or other vapours in the sample does not influence the results. Relative thermal detector responses have been determined for gases which occur in the rumen. These eliminate the necessity for the calibration of gas chromatographs using thermal detection. The first complete analysis of rumen gas is presented.

scholarly journals IoT Based Underground Drainage Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-249
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Network System

Underground drainage monitoring system plays an important role in keeping the cities clean and healthy. Compared to other countries, India consists of highest number of sewage workers. Exposure of sewage workers to poisonous gases like hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen oxide increases the death of the sewage workers. The main aim of this project is to design a network system which helps in monitoring poisonous gases present in sewage. Whenever the gas level crosses the threshold value, the information with different gas ppm values is displayed in the smart phone through the app. It also indicates whether it is safe for the manual scavengers to work in the environment or not.

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