Pyrolysis of brown algae (Bifurcaria Bifurcata) in a stainless steel tubular reactor: From a review to a case study

This article deals with fast pyrolysis of brown algae, such as Bifurcaria Bifurcata at the range of temperature 300–800 °C in a stainless steel tubular reactor. After a literature review on algae and its importance in renewable sector, a case study was done on pyrolysis of brown algae especially, Bifurcaria Bifurcata. The aim was to experimentally investigate how the temperature, the particle size, the nitrogen flow rate (N2) and the heating rate affect bio-oil, bio-char and gaseous products. These parameters were varied in the ranges of 5–50 °C/min, below 0.2–1 mm and 20–200 mL. min–1, respectively. The maximum bio-oil yield of 41.3wt% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, particle size between 0.2–0.5 mm, nitrogen flow rate (N2) of 100 mL. min–1 and heating rate of 5 °C/min. Liquid product obtained under the most suitable and optimal condition was characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR and GC-MS. The analysis of bio-oil showed that bio-oil from Bifurcaria Bifurcata could be a potential source of renewable fuel production and value added chemicals.

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Production of bio-oil and bio-char from pyrolysis of sawdust wood waste (SWW)

Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1556/446.2020.00012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 61-80

Author(s):

M.Y. Guida ◽

S.E. Lanaya ◽

F.E. Laghchioua ◽

Z. Rbihi ◽

A. Hannioui

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Heating Rate ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Liquid Product ◽

Value Added ◽

Wood Waste ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Nitrogen Flow ◽

Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽

Bio Oil

AbstractThis study deals with fast pyrolysis of sawdust wood waste (SWW) at the range of temperature 300–700 °C in a stainless steel tubular reactor. The aim was to experimentally investigate how the temperature, the particle size, the nitrogen flow rate (N2) and the heating rate affect bio-oil, bio-char and gaseous products. These parameters were varied in the ranges of 5–20 °C/min, below 0.1–1.5 mm and 20–200 mL min−1, respectively. It was concluded that both the temperature and heating rate have a significant effect on both yield of bio-oil and bio-char resulting from pyrolysis of SWW. The liquid products obtained at various pyrolysis temperatures were subjected into column chromatography after removal of asphaltenes (hexane insoluble). Obtained bio-oils (maltenes or hexane soluble) were classified as aliphatic, aromatic and polar sub-fractions. The maximum of bio-oil yield of 39.5 wt% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C, particle size between 0.5 and 1 mm, nitrogen flow rate (N2) of 100 mL min−1 and heating rate of 5 °C/min. Liquid product (bio-oil) obtained under the most suitable and optimal condition was characterized by elemental analysis, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The analysis of liquid showed that bio-oil from SWW could be a potential source of renewable fuel production and value added chemical. The yield of char generally decreases with increasing the temperature, the char yield passes from 54.61 to 29.47 wt% at the heating rate of 5 °C/min and from 50.01 to 24.5 wt% at the heating rate of 20 °C/min at the same range of temperature (300–700 °C). Solid products (bio-char) obtained in the presence of nitrogen (N2) contain a very important percentage of carbon and high heating values (HHVs).

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Biorefining of Pigeon Pea: Residue Conversion by Pyrolysis

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13112778 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2778 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mari Rowena C. Tanquilut ◽

Homer C. Genuino ◽

Erwin Wilbers ◽

Rossana Marie C. Amongo ◽

Delfin C. Suministrado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Particle Size ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

The Philippines ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Nitrogen Flow ◽

Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽

Bio Oil

Pyrolysis is an important technology to convert lignocellulosic biomass to a renewable liquid energy carrier known as pyrolysis oil or bio-oil. Herein we report the pyrolysis of pigeon pea wood, a widely available biomass in the Philippines, in a semi-continuous reactor at gram scale. The effects of process conditions such as temperature (400–600 °C), nitrogen flow rate (7–15 mL min−1) and particle size of the biomass feed (0.5–1.3 mm) on the product yields were determined. A Box-Behnken three-level, three-factor fractional factorial design was carried out to establish process-product yield relations. Of particular interest is the liquid product (bio-oil), of which the yield was shown to depend on all independent variables in a complex manner. The optimal conditions for highest bio-oil yield (54 wt.% on dry feed intake) were a temperature of 466 °C, a nitrogen flow rate of 14 mL min−1 and a particle size of 1.3 mm. Validation of the optimized conditions proved that the average (n = 3) experimental bio-oil yield (52 wt.%) is in good agreement with the predicted value from the model. The properties of product oils were determined using various analytical techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C- and HSQC-NMR) and elemental and proximate analyses. The bio-oils were shown to have low ash content (0.2%), high heating value (29 MJ kg−1) and contain high value-added phenolics compounds (41%, GC peak area) as well as low molecular weight aldehydes and carboxylic acids. GPC analysis indicated the presence of a considerable amount of higher molecular weight compounds. NMR measurements showed that a large proportion of bio-oil contains aliphatic carbons (~60%), likely formed from the decomposition of (hemi)cellulose components, which are abundantly present in the starting pigeon pea wood. Subsequent preliminary scale-up pyrolysis experiments in a fluidized bed reactor (~100 gfeed h−1, 475 °C and N2 flow rate of 1.5 L min−1) gave a non-optimized bio-oil yield of 44 wt.%. Further fractionation and/or processing are required to upgrade these bio-oils to biofuels and biobased chemicals.

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Effect of nitrogen flow rate on the structure and mechanical properties of ZrN thin films on Si(100) and stainless steel substrates

Materials Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.1016/j.matchemphys.2006.10.007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Jia-Hong Huang ◽

Chi-Hsin Ho ◽

Ge-Ping Yu

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Nitrogen Flow ◽

Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽

Steel Substrates

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Studies on Pyrolysis of Rice Husk Using Taguchi's L9 Orthogonal Array

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.630 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 625 ◽

pp. 630-634

Author(s):

Khanh Vi Dang ◽

Suzana Yusup ◽

Yoshimitsu Uemura

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Heating Rate ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Orthogonal Array ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Liquid Product ◽

Nitrogen Flow ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽

Liquid Yield

Conversion and yield of liquid product using semi-batch reactor are investigated. Selected reaction parameters were optimized, using Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array method for the design of experiments, to yield the highest liquid product. The investigated parameters include nitrogen flow rate, sample particle size, temperature and heating rate. The effects and significance of each parameter was studied and verified through repetitive experiments. Optimum conditions for the reaction were established. Optimum conditions for pyrolysis process were at 100 ml/min of nitrogen flow rate, temperature at 500oC, 20oC/min of heating rate and 250μm - 500μm of particle size with liquid yield of 35.48wt%.

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Optimization of Slow Pyrolysis of Bamboo for Biochar Production using Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202128702004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 287 ◽

pp. 02004

Author(s):

MNZ Moni ◽

Suzana Yusuf ◽

ASA Manaf ◽

Waqiuddin Rahman

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Orthogonal Array ◽

Char Yield ◽

Nitrogen Flow ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽

Three Factor

This paper investigates the effects of three parameters (reaction temperature, feedstock particle size and nitrogen flow rate) towards the solid (char) yield from the pyrolysis of bamboo. Three-factor, three-level Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array was used as the experimental design. The char yield at reaction temperatures of 300-500°C, feedstock particle size of 100-1000 μm, and nitrogen flow rate of 100-300 ml min−1 were investigated. The maximum solid yield was predicted based on signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and was found to be at 300°C reaction temperature, 1000 μm feedstock particle size and 100 ml min−1 of nitrogen flow rate. Confirmation runs were conducted to validate the prediction at corresponding predicted conditions.

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