Reduction of the Ni(II) ion at the dropping mercury electrode from amoxicillin water solution

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milenko R. Erceg ◽  
Vera P. Kapetanović ◽  
Desanka Ž. Sužnjević
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode ◽  
Heterogenous Reaction

The nature of polarographic precurrents of Ni(II) ion in the presence of amoxicillin as well as the behaviour of amoxicillin in the electrical double layer has been investigated. It has been established the formation of the mono complex of Ni(II) ion with amoxicillin adsorbed at the mercury. The reduction mechanism of the complex has been proposed. Taking into account the effect of the double layer on the kinetics, the rate constant of the heterogenous reaction of the complex formation has been found to be 5.8 · 103 l mol-1 s -1.

The Influence of N,N'-Dialkylthioureas on the Two-Step Electroreduction of Zn(II) Ions

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Dalmata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode ◽  
Wide Potential ◽  
Orientation Of Molecules

A two-step reduction of Zn(II) ions at the dropping mercury electrode in 1 M NaClO4/0.001 M HClO4 in the presence of N,N'-dialkylthioureas was examined in wide potential and frequency ranges, using the impedance method. The rate constant of the first electron transfer increases with increasing concentration of N,N'-dialkylthioureas, whereas that of the second electron transfer depends largely on the double layer effects, particularly, on the orientation of molecules on the electrode surface.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF AN ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER IN ACID AND NEUTRAL WATER SOLUTIONS ON THE 3-5 dm METALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Phedorenko ◽  
Andrey Fedorenko ◽  
Katherine Pershina
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Atomic Electrons ◽  
Process Solutions ◽  
Rate Limiting

The rate-limiting steps of the electrolysis of water solution, taking into account hydrogen evolution overpotential were considered. A functional relationship between the electrical resistivity of 3–5 dm metals and their quantization energy of atomic electrons, as well as the coordination of metal atoms and hydrogen compounds, has been revealed. The rule of selecting effective metals for cathodes has been validated. Based on these rules, a reduction-relay mechanism of the hydrogen migration process in the electrical double layer in the electrochemical reduction of TiO2+ ions to Ti3+ and Fe3+ to Fe2+ in sulfuric acid process solutions for the production of pigment titanium dioxide was proposed. The method of the multistage electrochemical reduction of Fe3+ and [TiO2+ * nH2O] in process solutions for the production of titanium dioxide was design based on this study.

The Electrical Double Layer

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ronald Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Specific Adsorption ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
External Voltage ◽  
Silver Silver

In examining the properties of the metal | solution interface, two limiting types of behavior are found, namely, the ideal polarizable interface and the ideally nonpolarizable interface. In the former case, the interface behaves as a capacitor so that charge can be placed on the metal using an external voltage source. This leads to the establishment of an equal and opposite charge on the solution side. The total system in which charge is separated in space is called the electrical double layer and its properties are characterized by electrostatic equilibrium. An electrical double layer exists in general at any interface at which there is a change in dielectric properties. It has an important influence on the structure of the interface and on the kinetics of processes occurring there. The classical example of an ideally polarizable interface is a mercury electrode in an electrolyte solution which does not contain mercury ions, for example, aqueous KCl. The charge on the mercury surface is altered using an external voltage source placed between the polarizable electrode and non-polarizable electrode, for example, a silver | silver chloride electrode in contact with the same solution. Within well-defined limits, the charge can be changed in both the negative and positive directions. When the mercury electrode is positively charged, there is an excess of anions in the solution close to the electrode. The opposite situation occurs when the electrode is negatively charged. An important point of reference is the point of zero charge (PZC), which occurs when the charge on the electrode is exactly zero. The properties of the electrical double layer in solution depend on the nature of the electrolyte and its concentration. In many electrolytes, one or more of the constituent ions are specifically adsorbed at the interface. Specific adsorption implies that the local ionic concentration is determined not just by electrostatic forces but also by specific chemical forces. For example, the larger halide ions are chemisorbed on mercury due to the covalent nature of the interaction between a mercury atom and the anion. Specific adsorption can also result from the hydrophobic nature of an ion.

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