Conformations of Insoluble Blocks in Swollen Micellar Cores of Multimolecular Block Copolymer Micelles Studied by Monte Carlo Simulation Technique

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Procházka ◽  
Zuzana Limpouchová

Monte Carlo simulations of chain conformations in restricted spherical volumes with an increasing radius were performed on a tetrahedral lattice (ca 2 700 to 9 200 lattice sites) at relatively high densities of the occupied lattice sites. A simultaneous self-avoiding walk together with the equilibration algorithm similar to that of Siepmann and Frenkel were used to create the equilibrated multi-chain conformations. (a) A series of simulations was carried out for a constant average segment density, <gS> = 0.52, together with the three values of the radius of the sphere, R = 10 l, 12.5 l and 15 l (l is the lattice distance), and various numbers of chains, N ∈ <15, 86>, and chain lengths, L ∈ <31, 163>. The results give information on the system behavior and on the effects of: (i) multi-chain conformational correlations, which depend both on N and L, (ii) the L-dependent chain flexibility, and (iii) R-dependent external geometrical constraints. Another two series of data: (b) for a constant average segment density, <gS> = 0.36, a constant N = 21, and L proportional to R3, and (c) for <gS> = 0.36, L = 47 and N proportional to R3, are shown to give a supplementary detailed information on conformational behavior of individual chains. Various physical quantities (e.g. the densities of chain free ends, gF(r), or distributions of the tethered end-to-the free end distances, ρTF(rTF), etc.) were calculated in the course of computer simulations and their shapes and physical significance is discussed with respect to the changing values of N, L and R.

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2290-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Limpouchová ◽  
Karel Procházka

Monte Carlo simulations of chain conformations in a restricted spherical volume at relatively high densities of segments were performed for various numbers of chains, N, and chain lengths (number of segments), L, on a tetrahedral lattice. All chains are randomly end-tethered to the surface of the sphere. A relatively uniform surface density of the tethered ends is guaranteed in our simulations. A simultaneous self-avoiding walk of all chains creates starting conformations for a subsequent equilibration. A modified algorithm similar to that of Siepmann and Frenkel is used for the equilibration of the chain conformations. In this paper, only a geometrical excluded volume effect of segments is considered. Various structural and conformational characteristics, e.g. segment densities gS(r), free end densities gF(r) as functions of the position in the sphere (a distance from the center), distributions of the tethered-to-free end distances, ρTF(rTF), etc. are calculated and their physical meaning is discussed. The model is suitable for studies of chain conformations is swollen cores of multimolecular block copolymer micelles and for interpretation of non-radiative excitation energy migration in polymeric micellar systems.


1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-750
Author(s):  
Tereza Vrbová ◽  
Zuzana Limpouchová ◽  
Karel Procházka

Conformations of symmetric diblock copolymers AB in dilute solutions in good and selective solvents were studied by Monte Carlo simulations on a simple cubic lattice. Individual chain conformations were created by the self-avoiding walk algorithm. A modified thermal equilibration of the system based on the Metropolis acceptance criteria for energies of the system and the Rosenbluth weights of chain conformations was applied. Interactions of the nearest neighbours (r = l), where l is the lattice distance, and interactions for r = sqrt(2l) and r = sqrt(3l) were considered. Various structural characteristics of the whole copolymer chain and individual blocks A, B were obtained in the course of computer simulations. It was found that a moderate contraction of the worse soluble block B and a certain segregation of blocks occurs in dilute solutions in selective solvents for the block A, however neither that contraction, nor the segregation of blocks are extensive.


1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Limpouchová ◽  
Karel Procházka

Conformations of tethered chains in restricted spherical volumes with an increasing radius were studied by Monte Carlo simulations. Simulations were performed on a tetrahedral lattice at relatively high densities of the occupied lattice sites. A simultaneous self-avoiding walk of all tethered chains creates the starting conformations of the multi-chain system which are futher equilibrated by a modified algorithm similar to that of Siepmann and Frenkel. In this paper, only a geometric excluded volume effect of segments is considered. Selectively chosen series of data for changing numbers of chains, N, their lengths, L, and radii of the sphere, R, give information on the system behavior under various conditions. In this part of our systematic study of tethered chains in constrained volumes, we present angular distribution functions of the end-to-end, end-to-gravity center distances, etc. for system studied in previous paper. The second class of studied conformational characteristics are the distributions of projections of the end-to-end vectors into the selected directions (i.e. the radial direction and the direction of the first-to-second polymer segment connection).


1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2166-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Procházka ◽  
Zuzana Limpouchová

Monte Carlo study of tethered chain conformations in spherical cavities was performed in a relatively broad range of average segment densities (i.e. numbers of tethered chains with increasing length in the sphere). Simulations were performed on a tetrahedral lattice using (i) an equilibrated self-avoiding walk for systems containing a single tethered chain with increasing length, and (ii) a simultaneous self-avoiding walk of many tethered chains in the spherical cavity together with equilibration of the system which was performed by a modified algorithm similar to that of Siepmann and Frenkel. Only a geometric excluded volume effect of segments was considered (i.e. the prohibition principle of a double occupancy of one lattice site by two different segments). Various distribution functions (e.g. distribution of the end-to-end and the end-to-gravity center distances and their orientations with respect either to the radial direction, or to the direction of the first-to-second segment connection, etc.) were calculated and the effect of increasing average segment density in the sphere on conformational characteristics of individual chains was studied. It was found that conformational and orientational properties of relatively short tethered chains are only little affected by increasing segment density (i.e. by the number of chains in the spherical cavity), whereas arrangements of long tethered chains are significantly influenced by the density of the system.


2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 4495-4500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat S. Ozmusul ◽  
Catalin R. Picu ◽  
S. S. Sternstein ◽  
Sanat K. Kumar

Author(s):  
Cristiana Tudor ◽  
Maria Tudor

This chapter covers the essentials of using the Monte Carlo Simulation technique (MSC) for project schedule and cost risk analysis. It offers a description of the steps involved in performing a Monte Carlo simulation and provides the basic probability and statistical concepts that MSC is based on. Further, a simple practical spreadsheet example goes through the steps presented before to show how MCS can be used in practice to assess the cost and duration risk of a project and ultimately to enable decision makers to improve the quality of their judgments.


1991 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
T. BARSZCZAK ◽  
R. KUTNER

The influence of the essential Bardeen-Herring back-jump correlations on the Fermi-Dirac statistics is studied by the Monte Carlo simulation technique and semi-analytically.


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