Rapid eutectic growth: from rod growth to diffusionless solidification

Numerous experimental data on the rapid solidification of eutectic systems exhibit the formation of metastable solid phases with the initial (nominal) chemical composition. This fact is explained by the suppression of eutectic decomposition due to diffusionless (chemically partitionless) solidification beginning at a high but finite growth velocity of crystals. In the present work, a model is suggested for the diffusionless growth to analyse the atomic diffusion in the rod eutectic couples growing into supercooled liquid. A simplified calculating method for the equation related to the Bessel function in the solution of the growth of rod eutectics is obtained. This method can also be used in the calculation of other rod eutectic growth models. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 2)’.

Solid Fraction Determination at the Rigidity Point by Advanced Thermal Analysis

The aim of this work is to determine the Solid Fraction (SF) at the rigidity point (FRP) by applying advanced thermal analysis techniques. The variation of the FRP value is important to explain the solidification behavior and the presence or absence of defects in aluminum alloys. As the final alloy composition plays a key role on obtained properties, the influence of major and minor alloying elements on FRP has been studied. A Taguchi design of experiments and a previously developed calculating method, based on the application of high rank derivatives has been employed to determinate first the rigidity point temperature (RPT) and after the corresponding FRP for AlSi10Mg alloys. A correlation factor of r2 of 0.81 was obtained for FRP calculation formula in function of the alloy composition.

Vibration Test Measures for Pump Fault Diagnosis

The vibration measuring standard for compound machinery utilized in modern industrial production will be employed for the application of detecting technologies. The vibration intensity can be obtained by selecting the detecting method to obtain the speed of mechanical vibration, and technicians can examine whether the vibrating machinery is in a proper functioning state based on the value of vibration intensity, allowing for thorough fault diagnosis. In order to provide useful diagnosis ideas for technicians, this study examines the measurement of mechanical vibration and investigates the calculating method of mechanical vibration intensity.

Negative Mass: الكتلة السالبة

This article presents a physical model, which describes the ideas of special relativity, in a more rational, logical, simple and understandable manner, while using basic mathematical tools. The model is based on Albert Einstein’s formula, which describes the “rest” energy of a body with mass m, given by the formula E = mc2. Based on this formula, and in accordance with the theory of special relativity, we present here a model of a body, moving at a constant velocity in space with speed equal to the speed of light in space-time, determined by an “energy angle” and negative mass. This model also presents a method for creating negative mass, a calculating method for the relative velocity, and a method for calculating energy and momentum, in a completely elastic collision and plastic collision, differing from contemporary nowadays methods, using classical and modern physics. In addition, the new model solves better the problems and paradoxes known in special relativity physics, such as the Twin Paradox and others. All this in Part 1, in Part 2 we will discuss the application of the model to the body under the influence of gravitational forces and in Part 3 we will see how phenomena in quantum physics can be explained according to the same model.

A CALCULATION METHOD OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICE VALUE BASED ON PRODUCT OF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS MONITORING IN CHINA

By 2015, Chinese government had completed the project of China's First National Geographic Conditions Census. In this project, high resolution land cover product all over the country had been generated, and would be updated continuously every year. On the basis of this excellent data source, a big data calculating method of land’s ecosystem service value was proposed, in which many other remote sensing information were used too, such as EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), NPP (Net Primary Productivity), vegetation growing season data derived from MODIS product. It analyzed the characters of data type, data time phase, and data structure for all the remote sensing information, also the big data’s engendering background and process. A revised ecosystem service value assessment model was used for calculating. Combining the classification system of terrestrial ecosystem in China and the equivalent value factor per unit ecosystem area, the big data calculating algorithm was designed. Shiyan city, Hubei province, China was selected as the study area for validating the calculating method. The results showed that the total ecosystem service value in Shiyan city in 2015 was 1.97 × 1011 CNY, and the per capita ecosystem service value was 5.69 × 104 CNY. Specially, forest supplied the most ecosystem service value which accounted for 78.54 %, followed by water, grassland, farmland, and desert. The research shows that on the basis of multi-source of remote sensing information mainly the high resolution land cover product obtained in the project of China's First National Geographic Conditions Census, high-precision quantification and spatialization ecosystem service value can be calculated and obtained; multi scale spatial display of the calculating results could be achieved to meet different spatial scaling demands; the big data calculating algorithm has solved the problems of design and computation of structured and unstructured big data computing models; the independent research and development software has solved the problem of software requirements, and the operational efficiency and performance can meet the calculating needs.

On Calculating Method of the Kelly Criterion for Financial Investment in Single Risky Asset with Various Distributions of Returns

In this paper, the expectation of the reciprocal of first-degree polynomials of non-negative valued random variables is calculated. This is motivated to compute the Kelly criterion, which is the optimal solution of the maximization of the expected logarithm of the investment return. As soon as the expectation of the reciprocal of first-degree polynomials of asset returns is calculated, which is our main interest, the Kelly criterion can be obtained by using the ordinary optimization technique or applying the appropriate algorithm.

THE DETERMINATION OF BEGINNING OF PASAH ANDTELLASAN AT AL-KARAWI ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL OF SUMENEP REGENCY

The determination of beginning of Pasah and Tellasan in Al-Karawi Islamic Boarding Schools is often different from the decisions of the government (Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia) or Islamic society organizations, such as Nahdlatul Ulama or Muhammadiyah. Al-Karawi Islamic Boarding School uses the calculating method compiled by one of the boarding school educators in determining the beginning of fasting and Eid. This research is intended to analyze the phenomenon of early fasting and Eid froma sociological perspective. These problems are discussed with field research through the socio legal studies approach. The results of this study indicate that the beginning determination of fasting and Eid Al-Karawi Islamic Boarding School is often different from the government is due to the strong patronage relationship among kiai, santri and the residents of Karawi village.