scholarly journals Measurement of oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss in infants with congenital heart disease.

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (244) ◽  
pp. 818-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Kennaird ◽  
K W Cross
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water

scholarly journals Mechanism of Dyspnea during Exercise in Children with Corrected Congenital Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Mehdi Chlif ◽  
Mohamed Mustapha Ammar ◽  
Noureddine Ben Said ◽  
Levushkin Sergey ◽  
Said Ahmaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Peripheral Muscle

This study will evaluate cardiorespiratory and peripheral muscle function and their relationship with subjective dyspnea threshold after the surgical correction of congenital heart disease in children. Thirteen children with surgically repaired congenital heart disease were recruited. Each participant performed an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer until exhaustion. Gas exchanges were continuously sampled to measure the maximal aerobic parameters and ventilatory thresholds. The functional capacity of the subjects was assessed with a 6 min walk test. At the end of the exercise test, isokinetic Cybex Norm was used to evaluate the strength and endurance of the knee extensor muscle in the leg. Dyspnea was subjectively scored with a visual analog scale during the last 15 s of each exercise step. Oxygen consumption measured at the dyspnea score/VO2 relationship located at the dyspnea threshold, at which dyspnea suddenly increased. Results: The maximal and submaximal values of the parameters describing the exercise and the peripheral muscular performances were: VO2 Peak: 33.8 ± 8.9 mL·min−1·kg−1; HR: 174 ± 9 b·min−1; VEmax: 65.68 ± 15.9 L·min−1; P max: 117 ± 27 W; maximal voluntary isometric force MVIF: 120.8 ± 41.9 N/m; and time to exhaustion Tlim: 53 ± 21 s. Oxygen consumption measured at the dyspnea threshold was related to VO2 Peak (R2 = 0.74; p < 0.01), Tlim (R2 = 0.78; p < 0.01), and the distance achieved during the 6MWT (R2 = 0.57; p < 0.05). Compared to the theoretical maximal values for the power output, VO2, and HR, the surgical correction did not repair the exercise performance. After the surgical correction of congenital heart disease, exercise performance was impeded by alterations of the cardiorespiratory function and peripheral local factors. A subjective evaluation of the dyspnea threshold is a reliable criterion that allows the prediction of exercise capacity in subjects suffering from congenital heart disease.

Respiratory Exchange and Evaporative Water Loss in the Flying Budgerigar

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANCE A. TUCKER
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Level Flight

1. Oxygen consumption of 2 budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) was measured during level, ascending and descending nights lasting 5-20 min. in a wind-tunnel at speeds between 19 and 48 km./hr. In level flight oxygen consumption was lowest at 35 km./hr. with a mean value of 21.9 ml. (g. hr.)-1 or 12.8 times the standard value calculated for these birds (weight = 35 g.). At a given speed oxygen consumption was highest for ascending flight and lowest for descending flight. 2. Carbon dioxide production was measured on one bird flying level at 35 km./hr.for 20 min. The ratio of carbon dioxide production to oxygen consumption was 0.780, indicating that the bird was oxidizing primarily fat. 3. The efficiencies of level, ascending and descending flight are discussed. The measurements indicate that for the budgerigar 42 km./hr. is the most economical speed for covering distance, and below 27 km./hr. undulating flight is more economical than flight at a constant altitude. 4. Evaporative water loss in level flight was measured in two birds for 20 min. at 35 km./hr. at temperatures of 18-200 and 29-31° C. At 36-37° C. the birds became overheated and would not fly for as long as 20 min. Evaporative water loss at 18-20° C. was 20.4 mg. (g. hr.)-1. It increased to 63.9 mg. (g. hr.)-1 at 36-37° C. After accounting for metabolic water production and faecal water loss, budgerigars flying at 18-20°C. had a net water loss of 11 mg. (g. hr.)-1. At this temperature 15% of the estimated heat production in flight was lost by evaporation of water, while 47% was lost by evaporation of water at 36-37°C. 5. Lung ventilation, tidal volume and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired air were estimated for flying budgerigars from evaporative water-loss data. In level flight at 18-20° C and 35 km./hr. these quantities had values of 398 ml. (g. hr.)-1, 0.033 ml. (g- breath)-1 and 37 mm. Hg. respectively. 6. Respiratory rate in level flight was measured in 2 birds at speeds between 19 and 48 km./hr. Respiratory rate depended on speed and was lowest at 35 km./hr. Since wing-beat frequency was constant at 840 beats/min. at all speeds, respiratory rate and wing-beat frequency were not synchronized. Published data and analysis of dimensional relations of birds suggest that in birds the size of a budgerigar or smaller a respiratory rate equal to the wing-beat frequency would be too high for efficient ventilation of the lungs. Birds the size of a pigeon or larger probably have synchronous wing beats and respirations.

RELATIVE HYPERMETABOLISM IN INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND UNDERNUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Martin H. Lees ◽  
J. David Bristow ◽  
Herbert E. Griswold ◽  
Richard W. Olmsted
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Clinical Finding ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Respiratory Systems ◽  
Weight For Age

1. Twenty-one infants with various forms of congenital heart disease leading to congestive heart failure, arterial unsaturation, or a combination of both events were studied with respect to resting oxygen consumption. Comparison was made with 21 control infants considered to be of normal growth and to have normal cardiac and respiratory systems. 2. Mean oxygen consumption for infants with heart disease was 9.3±2.4 ml/min/ kg compared to 7.3±0.8 ml/mm/kg for controls. Markedly undergrown infants with heart disease (60% or less of the 50th percentile weight for age) had a mean oxygen consumption of 10.9±1.4 ml/mm/kg compared to a mean of 7.5±2.0 ml/min/kg for infants with heart disease who were greater than 60% of the 50th percentile weight for age. Relative hypermetabolism seemed to relate to the degree of undernutrition rather than to any specific clinical finding. 3. Possible mechanisms of undernutrition and of relative hypermetabolism in the infant with heart disease are discussed.

scholarly journals Reduced Fetal Cerebral Oxygen Consumption Is Associated With Smaller Brain Size in Fetuses With Congenital Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (15) ◽  
pp. 1313-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Sun ◽  
Christopher K. Macgowan ◽  
John G. Sled ◽  
Shi-Joon Yoo ◽  
Cedric Manlhiot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen Consumption
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