scholarly journals P57 Continuous drug delivery is significantly affected by relative height changes between patient and syringe driver

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. e36.1-e36
Author(s):  
Aisha Zahid ◽  
Andrew Wignell ◽  
Dusan Raffaj ◽  
Patrick Davies
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Equivalent Number ◽  
Syringe Driver ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Continuous Drug Delivery

AimsSyringe drivers are the principle method of giving continuous infusions of important drugs to patients. Many of these drugs are critical for the maintenance of normal physiology. Anecdotal evidence abounds of severe patient instability on movement of syringe drivers during infusion. Our objective was to define the variation in drug delivery seen in three different syringe drivers, with changes in relative height between the syringe driver and the end of the giving set.MethodsThree syringe drivers (Alaris CC (Becton Dickinson), Perfusor Space (B Braun), and Synamed μSP6000 (Arcomed)) were analysed for reliability of flow at 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 ml/hr. A small air bubble was introduced into the giving set, and the progression of this was documented before and after a vertical movement of the syringe driver by 25 or 50 cm upwards or downwards relative to the delivery port.ResultsFor all pumps, delivery was interrupted on movement of the pumps downwards, and a bolus was given with movement of the pump upwards. Delivery halted at lower pump speeds for longer than higher pump speeds. The maximum delivery interruption was 11.8 minutes. Boluses given on moving the pump up were calculated as the equivalent number of minutes needed to deliver the bolus volume at steady state. The maximum bolus given was equivalent to 15.8 minutes of delivery. We were unable to eliminate the effects seen by very slow, steady movement of the pumps up or down. Static height differences made no difference to delivery.ConclusionsSyringe drivers should not be moved vertically in relation to the patient. Critical drug delivery is interrupted for up to 12 minutes with relative downward movements, and significant boluses of drugs are given with relative upward movements. As far as possible, elimination of relative height movements is advised, and extreme caution is necessary if any movements are unavoidable.

Continuous Drug Delivery is Significantly Affected by Relative Height Changes Between Patient and Syringe Driver

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e15-e19
Author(s):  
Aisha Zahid ◽  
Dusan Raffaj ◽  
Andrew Wignell ◽  
Patrick Davies
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Syringe Driver ◽  
Continuous Drug Delivery

Utility of current sialendoscopes in the sinonasal cavity

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 870-873
Author(s):  
C R Kieliszak ◽  
T R Khoury ◽  
A Singh ◽  
A S Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Mucosal Biopsy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Cannulation Success ◽  
Cadaveric Model ◽  
Sphenoid Sinuses

AbstractObjectives:This study assessed the utility of current sialendoscopes in the paranasal sinuses in a cadaveric model and evaluated novel uses for sialendoscopes.Methods:Currently available sialendoscopes were used for visualisation and performing interventions in the paranasal sinuses. Ten cadaver heads were studied before and after dissection. Outcomes included ostia identification, sinus cannulation, success of mucosal biopsy collection and image clarity.Results:Marchal and Erlangen sialendoscopes were found to be effective for both visualising and cannulating the sphenoid sinuses before and after dissection. Both types demonstrated poor maxillary ostia visualisation without dissection, but did allow treatment after antrostomy. Larger diameter sialendoscopes were associated with the lowest image distortion during maxillary ostia assessment. Mucosal biopsy collection within the sphenoid sinus, but not in the maxillary sinus, was possible before dissection.Conclusion:Sialendoscopes can be used for visualisation and performing interventions in the sinonasal cavity, but their utility is mainly limited to the sphenoid sinus. They may be considered a minimally invasive method for drug delivery and/or biopsy collection in the post-operative setting for all sinuses. Design improvements are suggested.

Continuous drug delivery by an implantable pump

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Harbaugh ◽  
Teddi M. Reeder
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Implantable Pump ◽  
Continuous Drug Delivery

Preparation of the Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Konjac Glucomannan Composite as a Novel Degradable Drug Delivery System

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
Gang Zhou ◽  
Yu Bao Li ◽  
Soo Wohn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vitro Test

Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA)/chitosan (CS)/konjac glucomannan (KGM) composite was prepared by integrating composition and molding. Then, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the physical, chemical and degradable properties of the composite before and after in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, study in vitro test for drug delivery revealed that the amount of released pentoxifylline (1-[5-oxohexyl]-3,7-dimethylxanthine)(PTX) reached a plateau and equaled 80% of the drug loaded in an implant. The newly develop n-HA/CS/KGM composite may serve as a good degradable biomaterial for implantable drug delivery system (IDDS) in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals A Novel Chitosan Nanosponge as a Vehicle for Transepidermal Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Jin Sil Lee ◽  
Hyeryeon Oh ◽  
Sunghyun Kim ◽  
Jeung-Hoon Lee ◽  
Yong Chul Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Drug Penetration ◽  
Drug Permeability ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Human Cadaver Skin ◽  
Cadaver Skin ◽  
Continuous Drug Delivery

Transepidermal drug delivery achieves high drug concentrations at the action site and ensures continuous drug delivery and better patient compliance with fewer adverse effects. However, drug delivery through topical application is still limited in terms of drug penetration. Chitosan is a promising enhancer to overcome this constraint, as it can enhance drug diffusion by opening the tight junctions of the stratum corneum. Therefore, here, we developed a novel chitosan nanosponge (CNS) with an optimal ratio and molecular weight of chitosan to improve drug penetration through skin. To prepare the CNS, two types of chitosan (3 and 10 kDa) were each conjugated with poloxamer 407 using para-nitrophenyl chloroformate, and the products were mixed with poloxamer 407 at ratios of 5:5, 8:2, and 10:0. The resulting mixtures were molded to produce flexible soft nanosponges by simple nanoprecipitation. The CNSs were highly stable in biological buffer for four weeks and showed no toxicity in human dermal fibroblasts. The CNSs increased drug permeability through human cadaver skin in a Franz-type diffusion cell, with substantially higher permeability with 3 kDa chitosan at a ratio of 8:2. This suggests the applicability of the novel CNS as a promising carrier for efficient transepidermal drug delivery.

scholarly journals Horizontal and vertical changes in anchor molars after extractions in bimaxillary protrusion cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Chandra ◽  
Rohit S. Kulshrestha ◽  
Ragni Tandon ◽  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Ashish Kakadiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Anchorage Loss ◽  
Bimaxillary Protrusion ◽  
Maximum Anchorage ◽  
Sliding Mechanics

Objective To evaluate changes in the anchor molar position (horizontal, vertical) after retraction in bimaxillary protrusion maximum anchorage cases. Materials and Methods Thirty patients requiring maximum anchorage after extraction of the first premolars were selected for this study. The second molars were banded in both arches along with trans-palatal arch in the maxillary arch and lingual arch in the mandibular arch. En mass retraction was done using sliding mechanics. Horizontal and vertical positions of the anchor first molars were evaluated cephalometrically before and after orthodontic retraction. Results In the horizontal plane, maxillary first molars showed net mesial movement of 1.72 mm, and there was a statistical difference between the pre- and post-values (P < 0.001). The mandibular molars showed a net horizontal movement of 2.26 mm, and there was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-values (P < 0.001). In the vertical plane, there was vertical movement of the maxillary anchor molars by a net value of 0.95 mm which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mandibular anchor molars moved vertically by a net value of 0.45 mm. This difference was statistically not significant. Conclusion There was anchorage loss seen in both the planes (horizontal, vertical) of the maxillary anchor molars. In the mandibular anchor molars, there was anchorage loss seen only in the horizontal plane. No anchorage loss was seen in the vertical plane.

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