scholarly journals Hot shot induction and reperfusion with a specific blocker of the es-ENT1 nucleoside transporter before and after hypothermic cardioplegia abolishes myocardial stunning in acutely ischemic hearts despite metabolic derangement: Hot shot drug delivery before hypothermic cardioplegia

2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-970.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Saad Abd-Elfattah ◽  
Gert E. Tuchy ◽  
Michael E. Jessen ◽  
David R. Salter ◽  
Jacques P. Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Myocardial Stunning ◽  
Nucleoside Transporter ◽  
Metabolic Derangement ◽  
Before And After

Utility of current sialendoscopes in the sinonasal cavity

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 870-873
Author(s):  
C R Kieliszak ◽  
T R Khoury ◽  
A Singh ◽  
A S Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Mucosal Biopsy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Cannulation Success ◽  
Cadaveric Model ◽  
Sphenoid Sinuses

AbstractObjectives:This study assessed the utility of current sialendoscopes in the paranasal sinuses in a cadaveric model and evaluated novel uses for sialendoscopes.Methods:Currently available sialendoscopes were used for visualisation and performing interventions in the paranasal sinuses. Ten cadaver heads were studied before and after dissection. Outcomes included ostia identification, sinus cannulation, success of mucosal biopsy collection and image clarity.Results:Marchal and Erlangen sialendoscopes were found to be effective for both visualising and cannulating the sphenoid sinuses before and after dissection. Both types demonstrated poor maxillary ostia visualisation without dissection, but did allow treatment after antrostomy. Larger diameter sialendoscopes were associated with the lowest image distortion during maxillary ostia assessment. Mucosal biopsy collection within the sphenoid sinus, but not in the maxillary sinus, was possible before dissection.Conclusion:Sialendoscopes can be used for visualisation and performing interventions in the sinonasal cavity, but their utility is mainly limited to the sphenoid sinus. They may be considered a minimally invasive method for drug delivery and/or biopsy collection in the post-operative setting for all sinuses. Design improvements are suggested.

Endovascular Rescue Therapies for Refractory Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Evaluation Study Using Multimodal, Continuous Event Neuromonitoring

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Albanna ◽  
Miriam Weiss ◽  
Marguerite Müller ◽  
Marc Alexander Brockmann ◽  
Annette Rieg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Metabolic Derangement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
Continuous Neuromonitoring ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BACKGROUND: Critical hypoperfusion and metabolic derangement are frequently encountered with refractory vasospasm. Endovascular rescue therapies (ERT) have proven beneficial in selected cases. However, angioplasty (AP) and intraarterial lysis (IAL) are measures of last resort and prospective, quantitative results regarding the efficacy (cerebral oxygenation, metabolism) are largely lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of ERTs for medically refractory vasospasm using multimodal, continuous event neuromonitoring. METHODS: To detect cerebral compromise in a timely fashion, sedated patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage received continuous neuromonitoring (ptiO2 measurement, intraparenchymal microdialysis). ERT (AP and/or IAL) was considered in cases of clinically relevant vasospasm refractory to conservative treatment measures. Oxygen saturation and cerebral and systemic metabolism before and after events of ERT was recorded. RESULTS: We prospectively included 13 consecutive patients and recorded a total of 25 ERT events: AP (n = 10), IAL (n = 11), or both (AP + IAL, n = 4). Average cerebral ptiO2 was 10 ± 11 torr before and 49 ± 22 torr after ERT (P < .001), with a lactate-pyruvate ratio decreasing from 146.6 ± 119.0 to 27.9 ± 10.7 after ERT (P < .001). Comparable improvement was observed for each type of intervention (AP, IAL, or both). No significant alterations in systemic metabolism could be detected after ERT CONCLUSION: Multimodal event neuromonitoring is able to quantify treatment efficacy in subarachnoid hemorrhage-related vasospasm. In our small cohort of highly selected cases, ERT was associated with improvement in cerebral oxygenation and metabolism with reasonable outcome. Event neuromonitoring may facilitate individual and timely optimization of treatment modality according to the individual clinical course.

Preparation of the Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Konjac Glucomannan Composite as a Novel Degradable Drug Delivery System

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
Gang Zhou ◽  
Yu Bao Li ◽  
Soo Wohn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vitro Test

Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA)/chitosan (CS)/konjac glucomannan (KGM) composite was prepared by integrating composition and molding. Then, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the physical, chemical and degradable properties of the composite before and after in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, study in vitro test for drug delivery revealed that the amount of released pentoxifylline (1-[5-oxohexyl]-3,7-dimethylxanthine)(PTX) reached a plateau and equaled 80% of the drug loaded in an implant. The newly develop n-HA/CS/KGM composite may serve as a good degradable biomaterial for implantable drug delivery system (IDDS) in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma by Chronic Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Topotecan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora F. Spinazzi ◽  
Michael G. Argenziano ◽  
Pavan S. Upadhyayula ◽  
Matei A. Banu ◽  
Justin A. Neira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Convection Enhanced Delivery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Response Assessment ◽  
Slow Cycling ◽  
Novel Drug

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma, the most common primary brain malignancy, is invariably fatal. Systemic chemotherapy is ineffective mostly because of drug delivery limitations. To overcome this, we devised an internalized pump-catheter system for direct chronic convection-enhanced delivery (CED) into peritumoral brain tissue. Topotecan (TPT) by chronic CED in 5 patients with refractory glioblastoma selectively eliminated tumor cells without toxicity to normal brain. Large, stable drug distribution volumes were non-invasively monitored with MRI of co-infused gadolinium. Analysis of multiple radiographically localized biopsies taken before and after treatment showed a decreased proliferative tumor signature resulting in a shift to a slow-cycling mesenchymal/astrocytic-like population. Tumor microenvironment analysis showed an inflammatory response and preservation of neurons. This novel drug delivery strategy and innovative clinical trial paradigm overcomes current limitations in delivery and treatment response assessment as shown here for glioblastoma and is potentially applicable for other anti-glioma agents as well as other CNS diseases.

scholarly journals 3D Printing Geometric Scaffold Design Variation of Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS) Pa

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dyah Hikmawati ◽  
Sarda Nugraheni ◽  
Aminatun Aminatun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Scaffold Design ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Before And After

3D printing technology application in tissue engineering could be provided by designing geometrical scaffold architecture which also functionates as drug delivery. For drug delivery scaffold on bone tuberculosis, the cell pore of the geometric design was filled with Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS) which had streptomycin as anti-tuberculosis. In this study, scaffolds were synthesized in three cells geometric filled by Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS), Hexahedron, Truccated Hexahedron, and Rhombicuboctahedron, which had 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm size dimension and 0.8 mm strut. The final design was printed in 3D with polylactic acid (PLA) filament using the FDM process (Fused Deposition Modelling). The composition of IBS paste was a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatine (GEL) 20% w/v with a ratio of 60:40, streptomycin 10 wt% and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 4% w/v. It was then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scaffold–paste characterization was included pore size test of 3D printing result before and after injected using Scanning Electron Microscope SEM, porosity test, and compressive strength test. The result showed that the pore of scaffold design was 1379 µm and after injected with IBS paste, the pore leaving 231.04 µm of size. The scaffold with IBS paste porosity test showed ranges between 40,78-70,04% while the compressive strength of before and after injected ranges between 1,110-634 MPa and 2,217-6,971 MPa respectively. From the test results, the scaffold 3D printing with IBS paste in this study had suitable physical characteristics to be applicated on cancellous bones which were infected by tuberculosis.

scholarly journals P57 Continuous drug delivery is significantly affected by relative height changes between patient and syringe driver

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. e36.1-e36
Author(s):  
Aisha Zahid ◽  
Andrew Wignell ◽  
Dusan Raffaj ◽  
Patrick Davies
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Equivalent Number ◽  
Syringe Driver ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Continuous Drug Delivery

AimsSyringe drivers are the principle method of giving continuous infusions of important drugs to patients. Many of these drugs are critical for the maintenance of normal physiology. Anecdotal evidence abounds of severe patient instability on movement of syringe drivers during infusion. Our objective was to define the variation in drug delivery seen in three different syringe drivers, with changes in relative height between the syringe driver and the end of the giving set.MethodsThree syringe drivers (Alaris CC (Becton Dickinson), Perfusor Space (B Braun), and Synamed μSP6000 (Arcomed)) were analysed for reliability of flow at 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 ml/hr. A small air bubble was introduced into the giving set, and the progression of this was documented before and after a vertical movement of the syringe driver by 25 or 50 cm upwards or downwards relative to the delivery port.ResultsFor all pumps, delivery was interrupted on movement of the pumps downwards, and a bolus was given with movement of the pump upwards. Delivery halted at lower pump speeds for longer than higher pump speeds. The maximum delivery interruption was 11.8 minutes. Boluses given on moving the pump up were calculated as the equivalent number of minutes needed to deliver the bolus volume at steady state. The maximum bolus given was equivalent to 15.8 minutes of delivery. We were unable to eliminate the effects seen by very slow, steady movement of the pumps up or down. Static height differences made no difference to delivery.ConclusionsSyringe drivers should not be moved vertically in relation to the patient. Critical drug delivery is interrupted for up to 12 minutes with relative downward movements, and significant boluses of drugs are given with relative upward movements. As far as possible, elimination of relative height movements is advised, and extreme caution is necessary if any movements are unavoidable.

Response of blood flow to hyperthermia in human prostate tumors: Opportunities for enhanced radiation effect and drug delivery.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 189-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hurwitz ◽  
Gregory T Martin ◽  
Daniel A Sidney ◽  
Charles J Welch ◽  
Jorgen L Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Ii Trial ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Prostate Tissue ◽  
Prostate Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Before And After

189 Background: Tissue perfusion may be a significant factor affecting outcome of prostate cancer treatment. Hyperthermia has been shown to have beneficial anti-cancer effects when combined with other anti-neoplastic modalities including radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. For instance, hyperthermia may increase prostate perfusion resulting in radiosensitization through increased oxygenation and chemotherapy through enhanced drug delivery. We previously reported significant benefit to the addition of hyperthermia to radiation on a phase II trial for men with locally advanced prostate cancer. To better understand tissue perfusion in patients with prostate cancer and response to hyperthermia, we measured perfusion levels in patients on this trial before and after hyperthermia. Methods: Prostate perfusion was measured before and immediately after heating in a total of 21 hyperthermia treatments in 14 patients with prostate cancer. A trans-rectal ultrasound device with a water cooled jacket was used to heat the prostate. Prostate tissue temperatures were measured using three multisensory thermocouple probes. Perfusion was measured with the TDP-200 Thermal Diffusion Probe, a thermistor-based device which quantifies perfusion with a modified wash-out technique. Results: In 19 treatments in which perfusion was measured before heating, average and standard deviation was 18.3 ± 10.6 ml/100g-min and in 17 treatments in which perfusion was measured after heating, it was 30.7 ± 20.8 ml/100g-min. This represents a statistically significant increase of 68% (p = 0.018). Perfusion increased 12 of 15 treatments in which measurements were obtained before and after hyperthermia. Notably, prostate tissue that was most ischemic prior to heating experienced the largest heat-induced perfusion increase. Conclusions: Prostate perfusion increased significantly with a majority of hyperthermia treatments. Enhanced prostate oxygenation may have been a contributing factor to the benefit noted with hyperthermia in this phase II trial. The use of hyperthermia to augment prostate perfusion to enhance radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals In situ drug release measuring in α-TCP cement by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júnio Augusto Rodrigues Pasqual ◽  
Lucas C. Freisleben ◽  
Júlio Cesar Colpo ◽  
Jose Ramón Jurado Egea ◽  
Luis Alberto Loureiro dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Good Technique ◽  
The Right ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractThe use of drug delivery systems is a good technique to leave the right quantity of medicine in the patient’s body in a suitable dose, because the drug application is delivered directly to the affected region. The current techniques such as HPLC and UV–Vis for the drug delivery calculation has some disadvantages, as the accuracy and the loss of the sample after characterization. With the aim of reducing the amount of material used during the characterization and have a non-destructive test with instantaneous results, the present paper shows the possibility of using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to have a drug delivery measurement during the release phenomena for a calcium phosphate cement (CFC) delivery system with gentamicin sulfate (GS) and lidocaine hydrochloride (LH), at a ratio of 1% and 2%, respectively. The equivalent circuit and the chemical mechanism involved during the measurements have been proposed as a tool to determine the drug delivery profile. The method has been compared with the UV–Vis technique. XRD was realized to verify conditions, before and after release. It was possible to verify the potential for using EIS as an instant technique to quantify drug delivery.

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