scholarly journals Varicella caused by airborne transmission of a localised herpes zoster infection in a family

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e243217
Author(s):  
Yumi Hatsushika ◽  
Isao Nii ◽  
Tomohiro Taniguchi

Localised herpes zoster infections spread by direct contact with active skin lesion, but airborne transmission is rare. We report a case of varicella from airborne transmission of a localised herpes zoster infection in a family. The patient was a 15-year-old boy who had never been vaccinated against the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). He likely developed varicella from his father, whom the patient lived with. The patient’s father developed a localised herpes zoster infection 2 weeks prior. The patient’s varicella was hypothesised to be due to VZV spread via airborne transmission from the father’s localised infection. To decrease the number of varicella cases, routine vaccination of children against VZV is essential, and immunisation against VZV in middle-aged and elderly patients is also necessary.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyash Dawadi ◽  
Sudesh Lamsal ◽  
Bhupendra Shah

Herpes zoster is a localized, painful, and vesicular rash involving one or adjacent dermatomes caused by varicella-zoster virus reactivation. Herpes zoster presenting as aseptic meningitis is prevalent among elderly population and people with immunocompromised status. However, it is a rare phenomenon in the young immunocompetent adult; hence, we are reporting a case of a herpes zoster infection presenting as aseptic meningitis and dermatological manifestation in a 19-year-old immunocompetent male.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Winnifred Christy ◽  
T. Jones Raja Deva Thanmbi ◽  
J. Leelavathy ◽  
Antoinette Rhema Louis

Herpes Zoster also known as Shingles is an acute viral infection which is an extremely painful and incapacitating ailment. It results from the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. The triggering factors for the onset of an attack of Herpes Zoster include some form of immunosuppression. The diagnosis of Herpes Zoster can be made on proper medical history and a thorough clinical examination. Here is the report of a male patient affected by Herpes Zoster infection which followed after extraction of a lower first molar.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raniery Augusto dos Santos Beserra Nogueira ◽  
Ana Beatriz Silva Barbosa ◽  
Francisco Das Chagas Diassis Jácome Valentim ◽  
Sâmya Pires Batista De Azevêdo ◽  
Jamile Rodrigues Cosme De Holanda

Introdução: O Vírus Varicela Zóster pertence à subfamília α-herpesviridae e é um DNA-vírus de fita dupla, possuindo 68 Fases de Leitura Aberta (ORF) únicas. Sendo responsável por varicela, em um primeiro contato, o vírus mantém-se latente por um longo período em gânglios das raízes dorsais e de nervos cranianos, disseminando-se por essas estruturas após décadas, quando reativado, configurando Herpes Zóster, cujas complicações prejudicam a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Posteriormente à infecção primária, o vírus classifica-se como neurotrópico e seus meios de sobrevida em neurônios, ainda não são claros. Objetivo: Este estudo busca elucidar os mecanismos de latência desse patógeno, visando ao desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico no assunto. Material e Métodos: Utilizando-se da plataforma online PubMed, foram pesquisados os descritores “varicella zoster virus”, em adição a “apoptosis”, e “herpes zoster infection”, com o operador booleano “AND” tendo como filtro a delimitação temporal entre 01/01/2018 e 01/05/2021. Resultados: Ao longo do período de latência, o DNA viral é encontrado em células neuronais, estando em forma não-integrada (cita-se epissoma infinito ou comprimento concateméro) e sua transcrição é fortemente restrita. Em meio ao genoma viral, o ORF63 mostrou-se de grande relevância na proteção de neuronal em humanos. Durante monitorização, foi-se percebido a migração da proteína OFR63 quando se induz apoptose na célula, tornando-se mais citoplasmática. A partir disso, percebeu-se interação inibitória entre a proteína ORF63 e a estaurosporina, molécula indutora da apoptose. O que até então se mostrava como hipótese, foi melhor embasado pela redução dos níveis de caspase-3, marcador apoptótico celular, em neurônios infectados pelo VVZ quando comparados a outras células (infectadas ou não). Conclusão: Diante de todas as questões, ainda cientificamente obscuras, acerca da capacidade desse vírus de sobreviver durante décadas nos gânglios nervosos, ressalta-se a necessidade de mais pesquisas na área, para que se tenha melhor manejo de pacientes infectados com o Vírus Varicela Zóster. Ademais, não se pode negar que a inibição da apoptose é uma evolução adaptativa muito favorável ao microrganismo, já que as células neuronais são hospedeiras senescentes e seu aumento de vida significa aumento de vida do patógeno.


Author(s):  
Femina P. Ummer ◽  
Tawfik M. Dhaiban ◽  
Shajitha T. Veettil

Herpes zoster or shingles is caused by the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection within the sensory ganglia. Primary VZV infection results in varicella (chickenpox) usually in childhood, characterized by vesicular lesions on the face, trunk, and extremities. Although herpes zoster can occur at any age, it is mainly a disease of adults over age 50 and/or immunocompromised individuals. Complications of herpes zoster include post herpetic neuralgia, herpes zoster ophthalmic us and less commonly acute retinal necrosis, aseptic meningitis, and encephalitis. Here we present the case of a 51-year-old female patient with Herpes Zoster infection involving the dermatome on the forehead, initially misdiagnosed, to alert clinicians to create awareness and minimize misdiagnosis of other patients with similar cases. It is unusual to find patients presenting with infection involving the dermatome of the forehead. 


Author(s):  
Adam Mohamad ◽  
Wan Emelda Wan Mohamad ◽  
Mohd Najeb Soleh ◽  
Irfan Mohamad

Herpes zoster infection (HZI) occurs as a result from previous exposure to varicella zoster virus and the disease recurred at later onset of life when patient are in immunocompromised state. The manifestation can be varies and in fact can involve all parts of dermatome distribution. We present a case of HZI involving the second division of trigeminal nerve which involved danger triangle of face that resolved after one week of intravenous acyclovir.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 02 April’18. Page : 94-97


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110212
Author(s):  
Nan Zhao ◽  
Yulan Geng ◽  
Yexian Li ◽  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Yanjia Li ◽  
...  

Herpes zoster (HZ), caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is an infectious skin disease that rarely recurs after initial presentation. The mechanism underlying HZ recurrence is currently under investigation. In this article, we report a case of HZ relapse within 1 month. Analysis of patient’s clinical manifestations, histopathological features, and flow cytometry results indicated that the absolute and percentage values of B cells were below the lower limit. We hypothesized that the patient had abnormal humoral immune function, which may be one reason leading to the HZ relapse within 1 month. The findings of this case will serve as useful reference for HZ recurrence for clinicians. This case was impactful and added to the literature on HZ recurrence.


2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol-In Kang ◽  
Chang-Min Choi ◽  
Tae-Sung Park ◽  
Dong-Jun Lee ◽  
Myoung-don Oh ◽  
...  

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