Long-term adaptations of habitual barefoot locomotion on foot morphology and biomechanics during childhood and adolescence (PhD Academy Award)

The infantile, childhood, and adolescent periods of growth and development represent times of increased vulnerability to stressors. The rate of growth in each period depends on the interplay of genetic, environmental, dietary, socioeconomic, developmental, behavioral, nutritional, metabolic, biochemical, and hormonal factors. A stressor may have an impact on growth directly through modulation of the growth hormone axis or indirectly through modulation of other factors. The adaptive response to stressors culminates in behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses, which together support survival and conservation of energy. The process begins within seconds and involves activation of sympathetic nervous system and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis. The time-limited stress response is at once anti-growth, anti-reproductive and catabolic with no lasting adverse consequences. However, chronic activation of the stress system and hypercortisolism have consequential negative impacts on growth, thyroid function, reproduction-puberty, and metabolism. They suppress Growth Hormone-Insulin like growth factor 1, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal and Thyroid axes and can be responsible for an increase in visceral adiposity, a decrease in lean mass, suppression of osteoblastic activity with risk of osteoporosis, and induction of insulin resistance. Early life adversities, emotional or physical, have been associated with long-term negative physical and mental health outcomes. There are many models of chronic stress that corroborate that early life adversities affect optimal growth and have consequences throughout the lifespan. Targeted interventions to reduce stress during infancy, childhood and adolescence can have far reaching benefits to long-term health as well as attaining adequate growth. In this review we describe the neuroendocrinology of the stress response, the factors influencing growth, and the impact of chronic stress on growth during critical periods of infancy, childhood, and puberty with reference to each of growth, thyroid, and gonadal axis.

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Preserved Long-Term Lung Function in Young Adult Survivors of Common Childhood and Adolescence Malignancies

Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology ◽

10.1089/jayao.2021.0171 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lucia Spicuzza ◽

Emanuela Cannata ◽

Lisa Angileri ◽

Marialuisa Giuffrida ◽

Giovanna Russo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Lung Function ◽

Adult Survivors ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Young Adult Survivors

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LONG-TERM ATHLETIC DEVELOPMENT AS A FRAMEWORK TO INFLUENCE WELLNESS DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal ◽

10.1249/fit.0000000000000604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

Joey C. Eisenmann ◽

Rick Howard ◽

Tony Moreno

Keyword(s):

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Athletic Development

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NIMG-66. LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 PATIENTS USING WHOLE-BODY MRI DEMONSTRATES DYNAMIC CHANGES IN INTERNAL NEUROFIBROMA SIZE

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noz175.735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi176-vi176

Author(s):

Ina Ly ◽

Raquel Thalheimer ◽

Wenli Cai ◽

Miriam Bredella ◽

Vanessa Merker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Growth ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Whole Body ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Entire Study ◽

Whole Body Mri

Abstract BACKGROUND Neurofibromas affect 40–50% of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. They grow more rapidly during childhood and adolescence but studies in adults are limited by their retrospective nature and follow-up time < 3 years. The long-term natural history of neurofibromas remains unknown. No guidelines exist on the need and frequency of surveillance imaging for patients. Whole-body MRI (WBMRI) can detect whole-body tumor burden, including internal neurofibromas. METHODS 17 adult NF1 patients who underwent WBMRI between 2007–2010 (Scan 1) underwent repeat WBMRI between 2018–2019 (Scan 2). Internal neurofibromas were segmented on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences and tumor volume was calculated using a computerized volumetry and three-dimensional segmentation software. Circumscribed tumors were defined as discrete; invasive tumors or those involving multiple nerves were defined as plexiform. Tumor growth and shrinkage were defined as volume change ≥ 20% over the entire study period. RESULTS Median patient age was 43 years during Scan 1 and 53 years during Scan 2. Median time between Scan 1 and 2 was 9 years. A total of 140 neurofibromas were assessed. 24% of tumors grew by a median 63% (6.8% per year). 54% of tumors spontaneously decreased in volume by a median 60% (7% per year) without treatment. On a per-patient basis, 18% of patients had overall tumor growth and 41% overall tumor shrinkage. 8 new tumors developed in 7 patients. 16 tumors resolved entirely without medical or surgical intervention. Growth behavior did not correlate with discrete or plexiform morphology. CONCLUSION A subset of internal neurofibromas in adult NF1 patients grow significantly over a long-term period, suggesting that continued monitoring of these patients may be warranted. Surprisingly, more than half of neurofibromas shrink spontaneously without intervention. Continued patient enrollment and correlation of imaging findings with functional outcomes are underway.

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Long-term outcomes of pneumococcal meningitis in childhood and adolescence

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-010-1390-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 170 (8) ◽

pp. 997-1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Deborah Christie ◽

Russell M. Viner ◽

Kyle Knox ◽

Pietro G. Coen ◽

Han Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Long Term Outcomes

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Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in childhood and adolescence: a long-term retrospective study

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology ◽

10.1111/cup.12217 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 924-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Ekaterina Castano ◽

Sharon Glick ◽

Lucia Wolgast ◽

Rizwan Naeem ◽

Jaya Sunkara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Mycosis Fungoides ◽

Childhood And Adolescence

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Quality of life in long-term survivors of CNS tumors of childhood and adolescence.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1991.9.4.592 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 592-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 137

Author(s):

E N Mostow ◽

J Byrne ◽

R R Connelly ◽

J J Mulvihill

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Late Effects ◽

Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Cns Tumors ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Long Term Survivors

Clinical reports of small numbers of pediatric brain tumor patients observed for brief periods suggest that long-term survivors continue to have major handicaps into adulthood. To quantify these late effects we interviewed 342 adults (or their proxies) who had CNS tumors diagnosed before the age of 20 between 1945 and 1974, survived at least 5 years, and reached 21 years of age. Survivors were 32 years old on average at follow-up. When compared with 479 matched siblings as controls. CNS tumor survivors were more likely to have died or to have become mentally incompetent sometime during the follow-up period. They were more likely to be at risk for such adverse outcomes as unemployment (odds ratio [OR], 10.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6 to 25.7], to have a health condition that affected their ability to work (OR, 5.9; CI, 3.7 to 9.4), to be unable to drive (OR, 28.8; CI, 6.9 to 119.9), or to describe their current health as poor (OR, 7.8; CI, 1.7 to 35.7). Unfavorable outcomes were more frequent in male survivors than in females, in those with supratentorial tumors compared with infratentorial ones, and in those who received radiation therapy. As clinicians consider improving therapies, they should anticipate late effects, such as those we observed, and attempt to target subgroups for interventions that may improve subsequent quality of life.

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Young Arab Women’s Processes of Coping With Girl Abuse: Intersection of Patriarchal Oppression and Being a National Minority in Israel

Affilia ◽

10.1177/0886109920960830 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088610992096083

Author(s):

Shira Pagorek-Eshel ◽

Haneen Elias ◽

Raghda Alnabilsy

Keyword(s):

Developmental Process ◽

National Minority ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Arab Women ◽

Short Term ◽

Self Blame ◽

Integration Pattern ◽

Coping Processes ◽

Critical Phase

Young Arab women who have been abused in childhood are vulnerable due to their marginalized positions in Israeli society. These positions include their gender, age, ethnicity, and nationality, alongside facing abuse. These intersecting positions may jeopardize their developmental process into adulthood. In this qualitative study of 20 young Arab women in Israel, we analyzed their coping processes following multitype maltreatment in childhood and adolescence. In the short term, we identified four strategies of coping: keeping problems to oneself, self-blame, giving up, and using stress relief practices. In the long term, we identified two main patterns of coping: distancing and integration. The integration pattern was manifested in two ways. One was a more accepting tone of the sociocultural reality through the use of rationalization and a positive restructuring of the self. The other was a more critical tone toward Arab society. Our findings underscore the influences of the sociocultural environments that shape the coping processes of young Arab women who have experienced girl abuse. Moreover, our study suggests that the developmental stage of young adulthood may be a critical phase for reaching out to young Arab women who have experienced girl abuse.

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