scholarly journals Occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders in current and former elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Gouttebarge ◽  
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
Paul Gorczynski ◽  
Brian Hainline ◽  
Mary E Hitchcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Former Elite Athletes ◽  
Anxiety Depression

ObjectivesTo present an overview of the existing epidemiological evidence regarding the occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders among current and former elite athletes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesFive electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2018: PubMed (MEDLINE), SportDiscus via EBSCO, PSycINFO via ProQuest, Scopus and Cochrane.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included original quantitative studies that were written in English, were conducted exclusively among current or former elite athletes, and presented incidence or prevalence rates of symptoms of mental disorders.ResultsTwenty-two relevant original studies about mental health symptoms and disorders among current elite athletes were included: they presented data especially on symptoms of distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression and alcohol misuse. Meta-analyses comprising 2895 to 5555 current elite athletes showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 19% for alcohol misuse to 34% for anxiety/depression. Fifteen relevant original studies about mental health symptoms and disorders among former elite athletes were included: they similarly presented data especially about symptoms of distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression and alcohol misuse. Meta-analyses comprising 1579 to 1686 former elite athletes showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 16% for distress to 26% for anxiety/depression.ConclusionsOur meta-analyses showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 19% for alcohol misuse to 34% for anxiety/depression for current elite athletes, and from 16% for distress to 26% for anxiety/depression for former elite athletes.

scholarly journals The Mental Health Under the COVID-19 Crisis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyao Chen ◽  
Nusrat Farah ◽  
Rebecca Kechen Dong ◽  
Richard Z Chen ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objective: In this paper, we aim to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among the major populations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: We search and include articles using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and medRxiv databases between Feb 202 and Feb 6th, 2021. Eligibility criteria and data analysis: The meta-analysis targets the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms of major populations including frontline/general healthcare workers (HCWs), the general adult population, and medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. To estimate the prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, we pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: In this meta-analysis, we identify and include 28 studies and 32 independent samples from 12 countries with a total of 15,072 participants in Africa. Ethiopia (7) and Egypt (6) had the largest number of studies. While many countries including, but not limited to, Algeria, Kenya, and Ghana had a high number of COVID-19 cases, as many as three quarters of African countries have no studies. The pooled prevalence of anxiety in 27 studies was 37% (95%CI: 31-43%, I2 = 99.0%) and that of depression in 24 studies was 45% (95%CI: 36-51%, I2 = 99.5%) and that of insomnia in 9 studies was 28% (95%CI: 20-41%, I2 = 99.2%). The pooled prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in North Africa (44%, 55%, and 31%, respectively) are higher than the rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (31%, 30%, and 24%, respectively). Our analysis indicated high heterogeneity and varying prevalence rates of mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. Discussion: We discuss our findings that a) a scarcity of studies in several African countries with a high number of COVID-19 cases, b) high heterogeneity among the studies, c) the extent of prevalence of mental health symptoms in Africa to be high, and d) the pattern of mental health symptoms in Africa differs from elsewhere, i.e., more African adults suffer from depression rather than anxiety and insomnia during COVID 19 compared to adult population in other countries or regions. Hence, our findings carry crucial implications for healthcare organizations and future research to enable evidence-based medicine in Africa. Our findings also call for increased scholarly attention on Africa, the least studied continent with a limited amount of research on mental health symptoms under the COVID 19 pandemic. Keywords: Mental Health; Prevalence; Pandemic; General Population; Healthcare Workers; Anxiety; Depression; Insomnia Trial registration: CRD42020224458  

scholarly journals The relationship between community violence and mental health symptoms in adolescents: Protocol for a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R Miliauskas ◽  
Daniela Porto Faus ◽  
Valeria Cruz ◽  
João Gabriel Rega do Nascimento Vallaperde ◽  
Washington Junger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Postraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Mental health diseases are responsible for 16% of the global burden of disease in adolescents. Identifying the main determinants of these disorders in this age group can direct public and political efforts aimed at their prevention. Two previous meta-analyses showed a moderate and positive effect between exposure to community violence and mental health symptoms; however, there are still significant gaps to be addressed. Objectives: To evaluate whether adolescents’ exposure to a higher degree of community violence is associated with a higher risk of internalizing mental health symptoms and to investigate whether degrees of community violence events (victimization, witnesses and heard about) is associated with a higher risk of internalizing mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety and postraumatic stress disorder). Methods: A systematic review, research question and inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed according to the PEO format. The population consists of adolescents aged 10 to 24 years, the exposition involves individuals who were exposed to community violence, the comparison is adolescents who were not exposed or who were exposed to community violence to a smaller degree, and the outcome consists of internalizing mental health symptoms. Selection, extraction and quality assessment are being performed independently by two researchers. Results: A narrative synthesis will be presented. If possible, a meta-analysis will be performed with subgroup analyses of age, sex, degree of community violence and race. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots. This protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) - CRD 42019124740.

Mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes: a systematic review on cultural influencers and barriers to athletes seeking treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 707-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
João Guilherme de Mello e Gallinaro ◽  
Rodrigo Scialfa Falcão ◽  
Vincent Gouttebarge ◽  
Mary E Hitchcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Health Symptoms

ObjectiveTo summarise the literature on the barriers to athletes seeking mental health treatment and cultural influencers of mental health in elite athletes.DesignSystematic reviewData sourcesPubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, SportDiscus (Ebsco), and PsycINFO (ProQuest) up to November 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesQualitative and quantitative original studies of elite athletes (those who competed at the professional, Olympic, or collegiate/university levels), published in any language.ResultsStigma, low mental health literacy, negative past experiences with mental health treatment-seeking, busy schedules, and hypermasculinity are barriers to elite athletes seeking mental health treatment. Cultural influencers of mental health in elite athletes include: (1) the lack of acceptance of women as athletes; (2) lower acceptability of mental health symptoms and disorders among non-white athletes; (3) non-disclosure of religious beliefs; and (4) higher dependence on economic benefits. Coaches have an important role in supporting elite athletes in obtaining treatment for mental illness. Brief anti-stigma interventions in elite athletes decrease stigma and improve literary about mental health.ConclusionThere is a need for various actors to provide more effective strategies to overcome the stigma that surrounds mental illness, increase mental health literacy in the athlete/coach community, and address athlete-specific barriers to seeking treatment for mental illness. In this systematic review, we identified strategies that, if implemented, can overcome the cultural factors that may otherwise limit athletes seeking treatment. Coaches are critical for promoting a culture within elite athletes’ environments that encourages athletes to seek treatment.

Food addiction and associations with mental health symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Burrows ◽  
F. Kay-Lambkin ◽  
K. Pursey ◽  
J. Skinner ◽  
C. Dayas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms

scholarly journals Mental Health during the COVID-19 Crisis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10604
Author(s):  
Jiyao Chen ◽  
Nusrat Farah ◽  
Rebecca Kechen Dong ◽  
Richard Z. Chen ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

We aim to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms among major African populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We include articles from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and medRxiv between 1 February 2020 and 6 February 2021, and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses. We identify 28 studies and 32 independent samples from 12 African countries with a total of 15,071 participants. The pooled prevalence of anxiety was 37% in 27 studies, of depression was 45% in 24 studies, and of insomnia was 28% in 9 studies. The pooled prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in North Africa (44%, 55%, and 31%, respectively) are higher than those in Sub-Saharan Africa (31%, 30%, and 24%, respectively). We find (a) a scarcity of studies in several African countries with a high number of COVID-19 cases; (b) high heterogeneity among the studies; (c) the extent and pattern of prevalence of mental health symptoms in Africa is high and differs from elsewhere—more African adults suffer from depression rather than anxiety and insomnia during COVID 19 compared to adult populations in other countries/regions. Hence, our findings carry crucial implications and impact future research to enable evidence-based medicine in Africa.

Online interventions for reducing anxiety, depression, and stress among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabok Noh ◽  
Hyunlye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Online Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Universal Prevention ◽  
Online Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Selective Prevention

BACKGROUND As the coronavirus 2019 disease pandemic has emerged as a threat to mental health, demand is increasing for online interventions that can replace face-to-face programs to prevent mental health problems. Adolescents not only have willingness to use an online mental health intervention, but also have generally positive perceptions of online intervention. However, there is still no general agreement regarding the effects of online interventions on adolescent mental health. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of online interventions for reducing anxiety, depression, and stress among adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search of studies was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used for assessing risk of bias in randomized controlled trials (RCT). We performed meta-analyses to synthesize effect sizes of the included studies, which were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 16 studies that reported sufficient numerical data were used for quantitative data synthesis. Regarding prevention level in the included interventions, universal prevention for general adolescents and selective prevention for vulnerable adolescents were conducted by 12 and seven studies, respectively. Among the interventions in this review, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and family-based interventions were most often used. In the result of a meta-analysis, online interventions have shown beneficial effect on reducing depression (SMD, -0.096; 95% CI. -0.175 to -0.017). Subgroup meta-analyses by preventive level found a significant effect of universal prevention on reducing depression (SMD, -0.102; 95% CI, -0.197 to -0.008) but no statistically significant effect of selective prevention on reducing depression (SMD, -0.082; 95% CI, -0.224 to 0.061). The effects of online interventions in reducing anxiety (SMD, -0.107; 95% CI, -0.231 to 0.018) and stress (SMD, -0.071; 95% CI, -0.157 to 0.016) among adolescents were not statistically significant in meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS The findings of meta-analyses showed that online interventions significantly reduced depression among adolescents, and especially that universal prevention interventions significantly reduced depression. However, there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of online interventions for reducing anxiety and stress among adolescents. We suggest further RCTs regarding effectiveness of online intervention for adolescent anxiety and stress.

Association between poor sleep for infants to two years and subsequent mental health symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 136749352110150
Author(s):  
Beth L Mah ◽  
Kate Larkings
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms

Sleep plays a complex bidirectional role in the life span of most mental health illness. How soon poor sleep becomes an indicator of future mental illness is unknown. Infant sleep is a complex concept which can impact greatly on both baby and family well-being. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate whether poor infant sleep to age two is associated with future mental health symptoms. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane was conducted, using PRISMA guidelines. The search resulted in 17 articles to include in this review. A combined adjusted odds ratios of 1.65 (95% CI = 1.34, 2.05) for infant sleep problems leading to subsequent mental health symptoms resulted. A variety of outcome measures for both poor infant sleep and mental health symptoms/diagnosis were used, limiting the generalisability of results. Poor sleep in infancy should be considered one of many risk factors for future mental health disorder signifying the importance of early intervention.

Yoga for Trauma and Related Mental Health Problems: A Meta-Review With Clinical and Service Recommendations

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Macy ◽  
Elizabeth Jones ◽  
Laurie M. Graham ◽  
Leslie Roach
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Meta Review ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Health and human service providers have expressed growing interest in the benefits of yoga to help individuals cope with the effects of trauma, including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the growing popularity and strong appeal of yoga, providers must be mindful of the evidence regarding the efficacy of yoga in treating trauma effects as well as trauma-related mental health symptoms and illnesses. Therefore, our research team sought to answer two questions: (a) What is the evidence regarding yoga as a treatment for trauma effects, including anxiety, depression, and PTSD and (b) what are the clinical and service recommendations for using yoga with trauma-exposed individuals? Our initial scans identified a substantial body of research, including reviews. Rather than replicate earlier efforts, we undertook a systematic meta-review of 13 literature reviews, one of which included a meta-analysis. We determined the 13 reviews examined 185 distinct studies. Findings show that the evidence regarding yoga as an intervention for the effects of trauma as well as the mental health symptoms and illnesses often associated with trauma is encouraging but preliminary. Overall, the body of research is lacking in rigor as well as specificity regarding trauma. Review results also only allow for the recommendation of yoga as an ancillary treatment. Further, the reviews had considerable differences in their methods and limitations. Nonetheless, the results yielded findings concerning how clinicians and service providers can use yoga in their own practices, which is an important step for building an evidence base in this area.

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